CN112382686A - 一种ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器及其制备方法。该方法包括:在衬底上采用垂直提拉的方法制备氧化锌凝胶层;对所述氧化锌凝胶层采用退火处理,制备得到ZnO层;在ZnO层的表面上用垂直提拉的方法制备Ti3C2Tx层;对ZnO层和Ti3C2Tx层上分别刷银浆,在保护气氛下进行退火处理,形成欧姆接触,得到所述ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器。本发明提供的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器,采用类金属导电性的二维Ti3C2Tx纳米片修饰ZnO提升了器件的响应度和外量子效率,可应用在光开关和图像传感器领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机材料器件制造工艺领域,具体涉及一种ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器及其制备方法。
背景技术
在紫外探测领域,目前已经投入应用的是光电倍增管和硅基紫外光电管。光电倍增管需要在高电压下工作,而且体积笨重,易损坏,对于实际应用有一定的局限性。硅基紫外光电管需要附带滤波片,这增加了器件制备的复杂性,使得器件造价昂贵。基于第三代半导体的紫外探测器,由于其本身禁带宽度较大,在紫外探测过程中,可以避免可见光的干扰,避免了附带滤波片的使用。
氧化锌作为第三代宽禁带半导体的典型代表,在紫外探测领域展现出了很大的应用潜力,但是本征氧化锌半导体载流子浓度较低,导电性较差,光生电子空穴浓度较少,很难实现高效率的紫外光探测,于是通过不同材料的修饰在光照下提升本征半导体光生电子空穴浓度,以提升其光探测能力,例如,贵金属的修饰等。近期研究发现二维Ti3C2Tx材料也具有等离子共振效应,例如,Dhinesh等人(Dhinesh et al.Advanced materials(2019),doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807658)报道Ti3C2Tx材料可以用在等离子体光探测领域。复旦大学方晓生组在铜衬底上生长了BiOCl纳米片,然后旋涂Ti3C2Tx纳米片,通过氧化锌纳米点的修饰,增强了器件的紫外探测性能(Ouyang et al.Advanced electronic materials,2020,6,2000168),但是薄膜器件的制备尺寸,以及制备过程都相对复杂,另外,目前关于将Ti3C2Tx材料与氧化锌复合,利用其等离子体共振效应为半导体提供电子的研究很少。因此,一种简单可行的制备高性能紫外探测器的方法是当前研究工作的重点内容。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的是提供一种ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器及其制备方法。
本发明的目的在于通过在玻璃纤维丝表面用Ti3C2Tx材料去修饰氧化锌薄膜,通过Ti3C2Tx表面等离子体共振效应增加紫外探测器的探测性能。
本发明提供的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器及其制备方法是一种基于半导体薄膜和二维材料复合的紫外探测器的制造方法。
本发明的目的至少通过如下技术方案之一实现。
本发明提供的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器,其包括衬底、ZnO层、Ti3C2Tx层及Ag电极;所述ZnO层包裹在衬底表面;所述Ti3C2Tx层包裹着ZnO层;所述Ag电极有两个,这两个Ag电极分别与ZnO层和Ti3C2Tx层连接。
进一步地,所述衬底为玻璃纤维丝(玻璃纤维丝微米线)。
进一步地,所述ZnO层的厚度为200-300nm。
进一步地,所述Ti3C2Tx层的厚度为1.2-1.5nm。
本发明提供一种制备上述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)氧化锌凝胶层的制备:先采用乙酸锌,乙二醇甲醚和乙醇胺配置氧化锌溶胶溶液;然后使用所述的氧化锌溶胶溶液在衬底上采用垂直提拉的方法制备氧化锌凝胶层;
(2)氧化锌薄膜制备:对步骤(1)所述氧化锌凝胶层采用退火处理,制备得到ZnO层(氧化锌薄膜);
(3)二维Ti3C2Tx制备:将Ti3C2Tx颗粒通过盐酸和氟化锂共同刻蚀,然后超声离心取上清液,得到单层Ti3C2Tx分散液;然后在步骤(2)所述ZnO层的表面上用垂直提拉的方法制备Ti3C2Tx层(将步骤(2)所述的氧化锌薄膜浸泡在步骤(3)单层Ti3C2Tx分散液中),得到ZnO/Ti3C2Tx器件(Ti3C2Tx包裹的氧化锌);
(4)银电极制作:对步骤(2)所述ZnO层和步骤(3)所述Ti3C2Tx层上分别刷银浆,在保护气氛下进行退火处理,形成欧姆接触,得到所述ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器(结构为Ag/ZnO/Ti3C2Tx/Ag)。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述氧化锌凝胶的浓度为0.2M-0.4M;步骤(1)所述垂直提拉过程中,浸泡时间为1-3min。
进一步地,步骤(2)所述退火处理的温度为300-400℃,退火处理的时间为40-80min。
优选地,步骤(3)所述单层Ti3C2Tx分散液的制备,包括:
1.6g氟化锂缓慢溶于20mL的浓度为9M的盐酸中,搅拌5-10min,缓慢加入1gTi3C2Tx,室温下搅拌24-26h,去离子水洗涤离心,离心转速为3500-4000转每分,每次5-8min,离心的次数为6-8次,使溶液pH大于6,收集沉淀溶于100mL水中,通氩气超声3-5h,最后3500-4000转每分离心,收集上清液。
进一步地,步骤(2)所述退火处理的气氛为空气气氛。
进一步地,步骤(3)所述Ti3C2Tx层为二维单层材料;在步骤(3)所述垂直提拉的过程中,浸泡时间为10-30s。溶液中单个Ti3C2Tx厚度在1.2-1.5nm(所浸泡的溶液含有大量二维Ti3C2Tx纳米片)。
进一步地,步骤(4)所述退火处理的温度为120-140℃,退火处理的时间为30-60min,所述保护气氛为N2或Ar气氛。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和有益效果:
本发明提供的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器,通过二维Ti3C2Tx修饰异显著增强了氧化锌在紫外光探测领域的探测性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器结构示意图;
其中,玻璃纤维丝1,ZnO层2,Ti3C2Tx层3;Ag电极4;
图2为ZnO、ZnO/Ti3C2Tx复合结构的x射线衍射图;
图3为实施例1制备的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx紫外探测器、氧化锌薄膜及Ti3C2Tx层的SEM图;
图4为实施例1制备的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx紫外探测器Ti3C2Tx层的TEM图;
图5为实施例1制备的器件的IV曲线图和IT图;
图6为实施例2制备的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx器件的IV图(暗环境和紫外光照射下);
图7为实施例3制备的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx器件的IV图(暗环境和紫外光照射下);
图8为实施例4制备的氧化锌薄膜的SEM图;
图9为实施例4制备的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx器件的IV图(暗环境和紫外光照射下);
图10为实施例5制备的氧化锌薄膜的SEM图;
图11为实施例5制备的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx器件的IV图(暗环境和紫外光照射下)。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的具体实施作进一步说明,但本发明的实施和保护不限于此。需指出的是,以下若有未特别详细说明之过程,均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现或理解的。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,视为可以通过市售购买得到的常规产品。
以下实施例中所制备的器件结构示意图参照图1所示。
实施例提供的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx紫外探测器,包括玻璃纤维丝层1、ZnO层2、Ti3C2Tx层3及Ag电极4;所述ZnO层2包裹在玻璃纤维丝上1;所述Ti3C2Tx层3覆盖在氧化锌表面2;所述Ag电极4有两个,这两个Ag电极4分别与Ti3C2Tx层3和ZnO层2连接。
实施例1
一种制备所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)氧化锌溶胶的配置,将1.64g的乙酸锌加入到25ml乙二醇甲醚溶剂中边搅拌边加入450μl乙醇胺,继续搅拌到溶液变澄清,得到浓度为0.3M氧化锌的溶胶溶液;
(2)氧化锌薄膜制备:将玻璃纤维丝浸泡在氧化锌的溶胶溶液中,浸泡2min,然后垂直提拉,在400℃空气氛围退火处理60min,即可得到氧化锌薄膜,氧化锌薄膜的厚度为200-300nm;
(3)二维Ti3C2Tx制备:1.6g氟化锂溶于20mL的浓度为9M的盐酸中,搅拌5min,加入1g Ti3C2Tx,室温下搅拌24h,去离子水洗涤离心,离心转速为3500转每分,每次5min重复6次,使溶液pH大于6.0,收集沉淀溶于100mL水中,通氩气超声3h,最后3500转每分离心,收集上清液即可制得单层Ti3C2Tx溶液;
(4)ZnO/Ti3C2Tx的制备:将上述制备的氧化锌薄膜浸泡在单层Ti3C2Tx溶液20s;垂直提拉,即可制备Ti3C2Tx包裹的氧化锌;
(5)银电极制作:在ZnO/Ti3C2Tx材料两边分别刷低温银浆,然后将器件在氮气氛围下进行退火处理30min,形成欧姆接触,得到所述ZnO/Ti3C2Tx紫外探测器(结构为Ag/ZnO/Ti3C2Tx/Ag)。
本实施例制备的ZnO层、ZnO/Ti3C2Tx的X射线衍射图如图2所示。由图2可知ZnO对应于六方纤锌矿结构,可以清晰看到Ti3C2Tx的(002)和(004)峰,这说明ZnO/Ti3C2Tx复合材料被成功制备。
本实施例制备的器件SEM图如图3的(a)部分所示。图3的(a)部分中可以看出器件的长约为1mm宽约为0.1mm。图3的(b)部分和图3的(c)部分是玻璃纤维丝的SEM图,可以知道单根玻璃纤维丝的直径约为12μm,具有十分光滑的表面。从图3的(d)部分和图3的(e)部分是氧化锌薄膜的SEM图,可以知道通过氧化锌的覆盖,纤维丝直径变为12.56μm,这说明氧化锌的厚度约为280nm,且氧化锌纳米颗粒的直径为50-60nm。图3的(f)部分和图3的(g)部分是Ti3C2Tx的SEM图,可以知道二维Ti3C2Tx纳米片包裹在氧化锌表面。
本实施例制备的Ti3C2Tx的TEM图片如图4所示,从图4的(a)部分和图4的(b)部分可以知道单层Ti3C2Tx纳米片的厚度约为1.5nm。
图5的(a)部分为利用本实施例制备的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx的I-V曲线图(暗环境和紫外光照射下)。线形IV曲线图说明探测器的类型为光电导型,并且对紫外光有一定的响应性能。图5的(b)部分是ZnO/Ti3C2Tx器件在365nm紫外线照射下,5v偏压下的IT曲线图,结果表明ZnO/Ti3C2Tx表现出优异的紫外光探测性能。(图中响应电流=光电流-暗电流)。
实施例2
与实施案例1不同的是步骤(4)在Ti3C2Tx溶液中浸泡时间为10s。其余过程相同。器件的IV曲线图如图6所示,器件在紫外光照下的电流明显优于无紫外光照的电流,说明器件具有很好的紫外光响应特性。
实施例3
与实施案例1不同的是步骤(4)在Ti3C2Tx溶液中浸泡时间为30s。其余过程相同。器件的IV曲线图如图7所示,器件在紫外光照下的电流明显优于无紫外光照的电流,说明器件具有很好的紫外光响应特性。
实施例4
与实施案例1不同的是步骤(1)氧化锌溶胶的配置,将1.09g的乙酸锌加入到25ml乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,边搅拌边加入300μl乙醇胺,继续搅拌到溶液变澄清,得到浓度为0.2M氧化锌的溶胶溶液;所对应制备的氧化锌层的厚度为200nm,其余过程均相同。
本实施例制备的氧化锌的SEM图如图8,玻璃纤维丝的直径变为12.4μm,可以知道氧化锌的厚度为200nm。基于此制备的ZnO/Ti3C2TX器件在紫外光照下的电流明显优于无紫外光照的电流如图9所示,说明器件具有很好的紫外光响应特性。
实施例5
与实施案例1不同的是步骤(1)氧化锌溶胶的配置,将2.19g的乙酸锌加入到25ml乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,边搅拌边加入600μl乙醇胺,继续搅拌到溶液变澄清,得到浓度为0.4M氧化锌的溶胶溶液;所对应的氧化锌层的厚度为300nm,其余过程均相同。
本实施例制备的氧化锌的SEM图如图10,玻璃纤维丝的直径变为12.4μm,可以知道氧化锌的厚度为200nm。基于此制备的ZnO/Ti3C2TX器件在紫外光照下的电流明显优于无紫外光照的电流如图11所示,说明器件具有很好的紫外光响应特性。
以上实施例仅为本发明较优的实施方式,仅用于解释本发明,而非限制本发明,本领域技术人员在未脱离本发明精神实质下所作的改变、替换、修饰等均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器,其特征在于,包括衬底、ZnO层、Ti3C2Tx层及Ag电极;所述ZnO层包裹在衬底表面;所述Ti3C2Tx层包裹着ZnO层;所述Ag电极有两个,这两个Ag电极分别与ZnO层和Ti3C2Tx层连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器,其特征在于,所述衬底为玻璃纤维丝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器,其特征在于,所述ZnO层的厚度为200-300nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器,其特征在于,所述Ti3C2Tx层的厚度为1.2-1.5nm。
5.一种制备权利要求1-4任一项所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)在衬底上采用垂直提拉的方法制备氧化锌凝胶层;
(2)对步骤(1)所述氧化锌凝胶层采用退火处理,制备得到ZnO层;
(3)在步骤(2)所述ZnO层的表面上用垂直提拉的方法制备Ti3C2Tx层;
(4)对步骤(2)所述ZnO层和步骤(3)所述Ti3C2Tx层上分别刷银浆,在保护气氛下进行退火处理,形成欧姆接触,得到所述ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述氧化锌凝胶的浓度为0.2M-0.4M;步骤(1)所述垂直提拉过程中,浸泡时间为1-3min。
7.根据权利要求5所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述退火处理的温度为300-400℃,退火处理的时间为40-80min。
8.根据权利要求5所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述退火处理的气氛为空气气氛。
9.根据权利要求5所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述Ti3C2Tx层为二维单层材料;在步骤(3)所述垂直提拉的过程中,浸泡时间为10-30s。
10.根据权利要求5所述的ZnO/Ti3C2Tx线形紫外探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述退火处理的温度为120-140℃,退火处理的时间为30-60min,所述保护气氛为N2或Ar气氛。
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