CN104377252B - 一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构 - Google Patents
一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104377252B CN104377252B CN201410679914.5A CN201410679914A CN104377252B CN 104377252 B CN104377252 B CN 104377252B CN 201410679914 A CN201410679914 A CN 201410679914A CN 104377252 B CN104377252 B CN 104377252B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- graphene
- solar cell
- window layer
- semiconductor thin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017612 Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002475 Cu2ZnSnS4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018038 Cu2ZnSnSe4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BOQDCUQEMSEYOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Se].[Bi].[Cu] Chemical compound [Se].[Bi].[Cu] BOQDCUQEMSEYOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013084 building-integrated photovoltaic technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001548 drop coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- NMHFBDQVKIZULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylideneindium Chemical compound [In]=[Se] NMHFBDQVKIZULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
本发明公开了一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构,由下至上依次为柔性基底、铜基硫属半导体薄膜吸收层、缓冲层和窗口层,其中,窗口层是由石墨烯层和通过掺杂、加氢、光刻或边缘修饰改性处理的改性石墨烯层组成的复合层;该柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构以石墨烯复合层替换包括高阻本征ZnO薄膜和低阻透明导电氧化物的脆性窗口层,可有效解决柔性太阳电池抗弯折性差的问题,并且避免了现有溅射法制备窗口层时给底层薄膜带来物理损伤,同时大大降低了太阳电池的成本,满足工业大规模生产要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构,属于太阳电池领域。
背景技术
柔性太阳电池是薄膜太阳电池的一种。它采用柔性衬底取代传统的玻璃衬底,可以弯曲折叠,便于携带。其优点在于形态柔软,尺寸可调,轻薄,安全且环保。因为其柔性,薄膜太阳电池可铺贴在汽车表面、家庭内墙面以及家庭外墙面等任意形状的物体上,其应用领域包括光伏建筑一体化、太阳能背包、太阳能敞篷以及太阳能手电筒等。柔性太阳电池可采用卷对卷的制备方式,有工业化大规模生产的潜力。
然而,目前柔性太阳电池的窗口层大多采用溅射法制成的下层高阻本征ZnO薄膜(i-ZnO)和上层低阻透明导电氧化物(transparent conductive oxide,TCO)。使用这种窗口层的太阳电池在应用方面显示出以下问题:首先,所使用的ZnO薄膜具有较高的红外光吸收特性,限制了光生电流密度;其次,使用溅射法制备,不可避免地造成了对底层薄膜的物理损伤;再者,ZnO薄膜脆性高、柔韧性差,导致此类太阳电池抗弯折性能不强;最后,上层透明导电氧化物薄膜主要采用In、Sb、Sn、Zn和Cd的氧化物及其多元复合氧化物薄膜材料,其脆性高,杂质离子易扩散,且制备昂贵。
石墨烯是世上最薄也是最坚硬的纳米材料,它几乎是完全透明的,只吸收2.3%的光;常温下其电子迁移率超过15000cm2/(V·s),而电阻率甚至比铜或银更低(只约10-6Ω·cm),因而电子在该材料上的运动速度极快,从而被期待可用来发展出更薄、导电速度更快的新一代电子元件或晶体管。正因为这种高导电性及光学透明性,太阳电池领域的专家学者更是热衷于石墨烯用作太阳电池透明前电极(TCO)的研究,典型的两个例子如:2011年上海硅酸盐研究所(Adv.Mater.2011,23,3202-3206)研究了以石墨烯为透明顶电极的碲化镉薄膜太阳电池,2014年香港中文大学(Nanoscale,2014,6,10879-10886)研究了以石墨烯为透明顶电极的铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池。但是两者在刚性基底上进行研究获得的太阳能电池的效率分别为4.17%和13.5%,都远低于碲化镉薄膜太阳电池以及铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池的效率(分别是20.4%和20.8%)。并且由于石墨烯与本征ZnO晶格失配,这类太阳电池的器件效率还会受到抑制,香港中文大学的研究也有类似的表现,即他们采用这种结构窗口层的铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池效率反而还低于相同条件下制备的以高阻本征ZnO和低阻掺Al-ZnO为窗口层的太阳电池效率。这种以石墨烯作为透明顶电极的太阳电池无法摆脱高阻本征ZnO,并且在刚性太阳能电池中的使用又存在缺陷,因此导致石墨烯材料在太阳能电池中的应用受到限制。
发明内容
针对现有技术中柔性太阳电池的窗口层存在膜层抗弯折性差、溅射过程物理损伤大、成本高的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种以石墨烯材料替换包括高阻本征ZnO薄膜和低阻透明导电氧化物的脆性窗口层,获得具有较好柔韧性的铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构,该铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构避免了溅射法制备窗口层时给底层薄膜带来物理损伤,且大大降低了太阳电池的成本。
本发明提供了一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构,由下至上依次为柔性基底、铜基硫属半导体薄膜吸收层、缓冲层和窗口层,所述的窗口层是由石墨烯层和通过掺杂、加氢、光刻或边缘修饰改性处理的改性石墨烯层组成的复合层。
优选的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构中复合层包括下层改性石墨烯层和上层石墨烯层。
优选的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构中,下层改性石墨烯层中改性石墨烯的导电类型为n型,带隙>3eV,方阻>10kΩsq-1,在350~2200nm波长范围内的透光率>80%;上层石墨烯层中的石墨烯方阻<400Ωsq-1,透光率>96%。
优选的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构中石墨烯通过化学气相沉积法或氧化-还原法制备得到;改性石墨烯在石墨烯的基础上进行掺杂、加氢、光刻或边缘修饰改性处理得到。
本发明的石墨烯和改性石墨烯的制备方法为现有技术中的常规制备方法:以下例举:
石墨烯制备方法:如1、以高纯度Cu箔(纯度>99%)或Ni箔(纯度>99%)为生长基体,在管式炉中以甲烷为碳源、载气为还原气H2,高温(温度范围为900~1100℃)CVD生长制备而成。2、以结晶性良好的铜铟镓硒薄膜为生长基体,在管式炉中以某烃类化合物为碳源、载气为还原气H2,低温(温度范围为400~600℃)CVD生长制备而成。在金属箔上生长的石墨烯需要转移到铜铟镓硒薄膜上,而在铜铟镓硒薄膜上生长的石墨烯不需要转移。转移使用涂布法在石墨烯上制备一层转移介质(如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)等),再将其放入合适的腐蚀液(氧化剂或酸等溶液)将金属腐蚀掉,然后将转移介质上的石墨烯覆盖于铜铟镓硒薄膜或改性石墨烯上,并可根据实际情况决定是否利用丙酮清洗转移介质,最后在惰性气氛下对覆盖有石墨烯的铜铟镓硒进行100℃热处理。
改性石墨烯的制备方法:如改性方法是将覆盖有石墨烯的铜铟镓硒薄膜置于氨气氛围中300℃热处理4小时后放入0.1mbar的直流等离子体仪中氢化2小时获得。
优选的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构中缓冲层由CdS、In2S3、ZnS、Zn(O,S,OH)或Zn1-xMgxO构成。
优选的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构中铜基硫属半导体薄膜吸收层由CuInSe2、CuInS2、Cu(In,Ga)Se2、Cu(In,Ga)S2、Cu2ZnSnSe4、Cu2ZnSnS4、CuSbSe2或CuBiSe2构成。
优选的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构中柔性基底由不锈钢、钼箔、PI或者石墨烯构成。
本发明解决的技术难题和有益效果:现有技术中柔性太阳电池存在的缺陷在于:窗口层大多采用溅射法制成的下层高阻本征ZnO薄膜(i-ZnO)和上层低阻透明导电氧化物,所以窗口层具有一定脆性,同时在溅射法制备窗口层过程中会对底层薄膜的物理损伤,并且窗口层制备成本高,难以工业化生产应用。而本发明申请采用石墨烯材料用于制备太阳能电池窗口层有效地解决了上述问题,发明人大量研究发现:石墨烯具有对太阳光吸收约为2.3%,且比表面积大,对太阳光的反射损失小的特点,满足窗口层的光学条件,同时石墨烯具有高电子迁移率,满足窗口层构成集流体的条件。发明人进一步研究发现:经过光刻蚀、边缘修饰、掺杂质元素以及氢化等方法处理可使石墨烯成为宽带隙n型半导体,运用到薄膜太阳电池窗口层中可参与太阳电池p-n结,起到优化能带结构,避免电池短路及增加开路电压的作用,满足替代高阻本征氧化锌的条件。另外石墨烯窗口层采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)或氧化-还原法制备,这些方法相较于制备传统窗口层(本征ZnO层以及透明导电氧化物(TCO))的溅射法对底层薄膜带来的物理损伤更小,有利于提升电池器件效率。特别是本发明通过石墨烯制备的窗口层同时具有良好的柔韧性,解决了以往窗口层脆性的缺点。相对现有技术,本发明的优势在于:具有本发明柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构的柔性太阳电池可解决传统柔性太阳电池抗弯折性差的问题,且制备过程中各膜层得到完整保护并没有受到溅射的物理损伤,降低了柔性太阳能电池的生产成本。相较于目前石墨烯仅用作薄膜太阳电池透明前电极的现状,有利于使得石墨烯在太阳电池领域得到实质性的应用,易于实现大规模卷对卷工业化生产,有利于大面积、低成本、大规模工业推广与应用。
附图说明
【图1】为使用改性石墨烯和石墨烯制备窗口层的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池结构示意图;
【图2】以石墨烯为窗口层的CuInSe2薄膜各元素EDS分布图(C的EDS分布图上黑色为对应元素,Cu,In,Se的EDS分布图上白色为对应元素);
【图3】为实施例2所述制备得的石墨烯窗口层铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池弯曲特性测试之前;
【图4】为实施例2所述制备得的石墨烯窗口层铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池弯曲特性测试之后。
具体实施方案
以下实施例旨在进一步说明本发明内容,而不是限制本发明权利要求保护的范围。
实施例1
设计并制作柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构(如示意图1所示)。采用氧化—还原法即在冰水浴的烧杯中加入4g鳞片石墨、72mL浓硫酸和36mL浓硝酸搅拌待其分散后缓慢加入44g氯酸钾,反应100小时后加稀盐酸溶液稀释并抽滤多次,将抽滤产物加去离子水稀释并超声1h,加入氢氧化钠絮凝,抽滤并用无水乙醇洗至中性后干燥,即得氧化石墨烯。将制得的氧化石墨烯和氯化铵以质量比1∶2混合后,在负压条件下首先在150~300℃热解1h,使N原子掺杂在石墨烯的骨架中,然后在流动气氛下300℃热解0.5h除去未反应的杂质元素。最后将获得的掺N还原石墨烯放入1L酒精中超声震荡1h后,将含有掺N石墨烯的悬浊液涂布到CdS/CuInSe2/Mo/PI上100℃烘干。之后将氧化石墨加入去离子水中超声30min,配制成质量分数为0.05%的分散液,在分散液中加入40μL质量分数为35%的水合肼溶液和360μL浓氨水并放置在95℃下水浴锅中搅拌1h,就得到还原石墨烯分散液。以同样的涂布方法将其制备于掺N石墨烯上,最终可获得石墨烯窗口层的柔性铜铟硒薄膜太阳电池。此法获得的石墨烯方阻为80Ωsq-1,透光率为98%,获得的改性石墨烯为n型,方阻为800kΩsq-1,透光率为86%,石墨烯和改性石墨烯在铜铟硒薄膜上的覆盖性良好(其C,Cu,In,Se元素分布可见图2),可再根据实际情况蒸镀Ni/Al/Ni顶电极。获得的PI上的柔性石墨烯窗口层铜铟硒薄膜太阳电池在耐折性实验仪器以4.9N的载荷下测试的耐折性断裂次数为850次。
实施例2
设计并制作柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构。以高纯Cu箔(纯度>99%)为生长基体,在管式炉中以甲烷为碳源,载气为还原气H2,1000℃下CVD生长制备石墨烯,将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)涂布在长有石墨烯的铜箔上后将其放入FeCl3溶液中以除去金属铜箔,获得带有石墨烯(方阻为9Ωsq-1,透光率为97%)的PMMA。然后将PMMA上的石墨烯覆盖于CdS/Cu(Ga,In)Se2/Mo上,并用丙酮移除PMMA,再将覆盖有石墨烯的CdS/Cu(Ga,In)Se2/Mo置于氨气氛围中300℃热处理4小时后放入0.1mbar的直流等离子体仪中氢化2小时获得表面覆盖了改性石墨烯的CdS/Cu(Ga,In)Se2/Mo(即改性石墨烯/CdS/Cu(Ga,In)Se2/Mo),改性石墨烯方阻为1500kΩsq-1,透光率为86%。再蒸镀Ni/Al/Ni顶电极于改性石墨烯上,最后覆盖上带有PMMA的石墨烯并在惰性气氛下进行100℃热处理。获得的Mo箔上的柔性石墨烯窗口层铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池(如图3)在耐折性实验仪器以4.9N的载荷下测试的耐折性断裂次数为1240次(如图4)。
实施例3
设计并制作柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构。以CdS/CuBiSe2/Mo/SS(不锈钢)为生长基体,在管式炉中以乙炔为碳源,载气为还原气H2,400℃下CVD生长制备石墨烯,再将其置于氨气氛围中400℃热处理4小时后放入1mbar的300Hz射频等离子体仪中氢化2小时获得表面覆盖了改性石墨烯CdS/CuBiSe2/Mo/SS(不锈钢)(即改性石墨烯/CdS/CuBiSe2/Mo/SS(不锈钢)),改性石墨烯方阻为1100kΩsq-1,透光率为83%。再以实施例1相同的方法制备石墨烯分散液并滴涂于改性石墨烯上,80℃烘干30min获得柔性石墨烯窗口层铜铋硒薄膜太阳电池,获得太阳电池与相同方法制备的传统窗口层(本征ZnO层以及透明导电氧化物(TCO))铜铋硒薄膜太阳电池相比,其光反射率降低30%。获得的不锈钢上的柔性石墨烯窗口层铜铋硒薄膜太阳电池在耐折性实验仪器在4.9N的载荷下测试的耐折性断裂次数为1050次。
Claims (5)
1.一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构,由下至上依次为柔性基底、铜基硫属半导体薄膜吸收层、缓冲层和窗口层,其特征在于,所述的窗口层是由石墨烯层和通过掺杂、加氢、光刻或边缘修饰改性处理的改性石墨烯层组成的复合层;所述的复合层包括下层改性石墨烯层和上层石墨烯层;下层改性石墨烯层中改性石墨烯的导电类型为n型,带隙>3eV,方阻>10kΩsq-1,在350~2200nm波长范围内的透光率>80%;上层石墨烯层中的石墨烯方阻<400Ωsq-1,透光率>96%。
2.如权利要求1任一项所述的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构,其特征在于,石墨烯通过化学气相沉积法或氧化-还原法制备得到;改性石墨烯在石墨烯的基础上进行掺杂、加氢、光刻或边缘修饰改性处理得到。
3.如权利要求1所述的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构,其特征在于,所述的缓冲层由CdS、In2S3、ZnS、Zn(O,S,OH)或Zn1-xMgxO构成。
4.如权利要求1所述的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构,其特征在于,所述的铜基硫属半导体薄膜吸收层由CuInSe2、CuInS2、Cu(In,Ga)Se2、Cu(In,Ga)S2、Cu2ZnSnSe4、Cu2ZnSnS4、CuSbSe2或CuBiSe2构成。
5.如权利要求1所述的柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构,其特征在于,所述的柔性基底由不锈钢、钼箔或者PI构成。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410679914.5A CN104377252B (zh) | 2014-11-24 | 2014-11-24 | 一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410679914.5A CN104377252B (zh) | 2014-11-24 | 2014-11-24 | 一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104377252A CN104377252A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
CN104377252B true CN104377252B (zh) | 2017-03-22 |
Family
ID=52556032
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410679914.5A Active CN104377252B (zh) | 2014-11-24 | 2014-11-24 | 一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN104377252B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101911745B1 (ko) * | 2015-03-23 | 2018-10-25 | 재단법인 나노기반소프트일렉트로닉스연구단 | 그래핀 적층체 및 그의 제조방법 |
CN105517423B (zh) * | 2016-01-25 | 2018-06-19 | 衡山县佳诚新材料有限公司 | 一种高导热石墨烯散热金属箔 |
CN105810818B (zh) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-08-24 | 苏州大学 | 一种基于氯化铜-氧化石墨烯复合物的阳极缓冲层材料及其制备方法和用途 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7663057B2 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2010-02-16 | Nanosolar, Inc. | Solution-based fabrication of photovoltaic cell |
CN102522437B (zh) * | 2011-12-15 | 2014-05-21 | 香港中文大学 | 铜铟镓硒太阳能电池装置及其制备方法 |
CN103715280B (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-12-09 | 商丘师范学院 | 一种微米/纳米二级阵列结构薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
-
2014
- 2014-11-24 CN CN201410679914.5A patent/CN104377252B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104377252A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Yuan et al. | Efficient planar antimony sulfide thin film photovoltaics with large grain and preferential growth | |
Ma et al. | High efficiency graphene/MoS2/Si Schottky barrier solar cells using layer-controlled MoS2 films | |
Xu et al. | Chemical bath deposition of p-type transparent, highly conducting (CuS) x:(ZnS) 1–x nanocomposite thin films and fabrication of Si heterojunction solar cells | |
CN102646745B (zh) | 一种光伏器件及太阳能电池 | |
Li et al. | The transparent SnO/ZnO quantum dots/SnO2 pn junction towards the enhancement of photovoltaic conversion | |
Luo et al. | Electrochemically deposited Cu2O on TiO2 nanorod arrays for photovoltaic application | |
CN102157577B (zh) | 纳米硅/单晶硅异质结径向纳米线太阳电池及制备方法 | |
Zhou et al. | Enhanced charge carrier transport via efficient grain conduction mode for Sb2Se3 solar cell applications | |
CN102169910B (zh) | 一种基于硫属化合物纳米晶的薄膜太阳能电池 | |
CN207529942U (zh) | 一种太阳能异质结电池 | |
Makhlouf et al. | Study of Cu2O\ZnO nanowires heterojunction designed by combining electrodeposition and atomic layer deposition | |
Yang et al. | Potentiostatic and galvanostatic two-step electrodeposition of semiconductor Cu2O films and its photovoltaic application | |
CN102637755B (zh) | 一种纳米结构czts薄膜光伏电池及其制备方法 | |
Wu et al. | Direct synthesis of high-density lead sulfide nanowires on metal thin films towards efficient infrared light conversion | |
Lee et al. | Effect of rapid thermal annealing on the structural and electrical properties of solid ZnO/NiO heterojunctions prepared by a chemical solution process | |
Hsueh et al. | Crystalline-Si photovoltaic devices with ZnO nanowires | |
CN104377252B (zh) | 一种柔性铜基硫属半导体薄膜太阳电池窗口层结构 | |
Hussain et al. | Length dependent performance of Cu2O/ZnO nanorods solar cells | |
Dhaygude et al. | Effect of electron beam irradiation on electro synthesized hexagonal Cd0. 3Zn0. 7S nanosphere with excellent application in solar cell | |
Abdulkadir et al. | Properties of indium tin oxide on black silicon after post-deposition annealing for heterojunction solar cells | |
Liang et al. | Multilayer α′-4H-borophene growth on gallium arsenide towards high-performance near-infrared photodetector | |
CN102983215A (zh) | 具有硅纳米线结构的硅薄膜太阳能电池的制备方法 | |
CN104465807A (zh) | 一种czts纳米阵列薄膜太阳能光伏电池及其制备方法 | |
CN102315288A (zh) | 薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法 | |
Luo et al. | A facile one-step chemical synthesis of copper@ reduced graphene oxide composites as back contact for CdTe solar cells |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |