CN112375029B - 一种咔唑生物碱衍生物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种咔唑生物碱衍生物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112375029B CN112375029B CN202011250986.XA CN202011250986A CN112375029B CN 112375029 B CN112375029 B CN 112375029B CN 202011250986 A CN202011250986 A CN 202011250986A CN 112375029 B CN112375029 B CN 112375029B
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- carbazole
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Classifications
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物生物技术领域,具体涉及一种咔唑生物碱衍生物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
植物病毒病是农作物的一类重要病害,发生在水稻、烟草、蔬菜等农作物和经济作物上的毁灭性病害,其发生频率高,常造成巨大的经济损失。研究和防治植物病毒病一直是农业生产中的世界重大难题,绝大部分经济作物都因植物病毒的危害而造成不同程度减产或品质下降,全球每年因植物病毒造成的农作物经济损失高达数百亿美元,素有“植物癌症”之称。南方水稻黑条矮缩病(SRBSDV)是在中国南方发现的新型水稻病毒病,可在水稻产区迅速传播,近年来造成了严重的经济损失。烟草花叶病毒(TMV)也是对经济作物危害最大的植物病毒之一,它可侵染36个科的400多种植物,在全世界主要烟草产区均有分布,严重影响烟叶的产量和品质,给烟草产业带来巨大的经济损失。由于病毒在寄主细胞绝对寄生,且寄主植物本身缺乏完整的免疫代谢系统,植物一旦被病毒侵染,往往终身带毒,因此植物病毒病的防治始终是个困难。迄今为止,仅有少数几个商品化药剂用于防治植物病毒病,如宁南霉素、病毒唑、大黄素甲醚等,并且许多抗病毒药剂远未达到令人满意的防治效果,面对植物病毒病发生日益严重,抗植物病毒药剂依然匮乏的局面,深入开展抗植物病毒剂的研究工作十分迫切,开展高效低毒选择性的新型植物病毒抑制剂研发,成为当前一项具有重要意义的研究工作。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种咔唑生物碱衍生物,它的结构如结构式I所示:
其中,
R1为H、4-Me、4-F、4-Cl、4-Br、4-NO2、5-Me、5-F、5-Cl、5-Br、5-NO2、5-CN、5-MeO、6-F或7-F中的一种;
R2为H、Me、Et、Ph、Bn、Boc或SO2Me中的一种;
R3为Me、Et、n-Pr、Ph、CF3、取代苯基或吡啶基中的一种;
R4为CH2CH2(4-F-Ph)、CH2CH2OMe、CH2CH2SO2Me、CH2(3-OMe-4-OH-Ph)、CH(CO2Me)CH2CH2SMe、CH2(CH2)2CH3、CH2CH2(1H-indol-3-yl)、CH2Ph、CH2-3-Py、CH2-2-Py、Ph、4-OMe-Ph、4-Me-Ph、4-CF3-Ph、4-F-Ph、2-F-Ph、4-Cl-Ph、2-Cl-Ph、4-Br-Ph、-N=CH-Ph、-N=CH-3,4-(MeO)2-Ph、-N=CH-3,4,5-(MeO)3-Ph、-N=CH-4-Me-Ph、-N=CH-4-MeO-Ph、-N=CH-2-MeO-Ph、-N=CH-4-CF3-Ph、-N=CH-2-CF3-Ph、-N=CH-4-CF3O-Ph、-N=CH-2-CF3O-Ph、-N=CH-4-F-Ph、-N=CH-2-F-Ph、-N=CH-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-2-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-4-Br-Ph、-N=CH-4-CN-Ph、-N=CH-2-CN-Ph、-N=CH-3-OMe-4-OH-Ph、-N=CH-2-OH-3-OMe-Ph、-N=CH-2,4-diCl-Ph、-N=CH-2-F-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-3-PhO-Ph、-N=CH-3,4-(CH2OCH2)-Ph、-N=CH-1H-indol-3-yl、-N=CH-2-OH-Ph、-N=CH-CH=CH-Ph、-N=CH-CH=CH-(4-Cl-Ph)、-N=CH-CH=CH-(4-F-Ph)、-N=C(CH3)-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-4-F-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-2-F-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-4-Cl-Ph或N=CH-Cyclohexyl中的一种。
当所述结构式I中,R4为CH2CH2(4-F-Ph)、CH2CH2OMe、CH2CH2SO2Me、CH2(3-OMe-4-OH-Ph)、CH(CO2Me)CH2CH2SMe、CH2(CH2)2CH3、CH2CH2(1H-indol-3-yl)、CH2Ph、CH2-3-Py、CH2-2-Py、Ph、4-OMe-Ph、4-Me-Ph、4-CF3-Ph、4-F-Ph、2-F-Ph、4-Cl-Ph、2-Cl-Ph或4-Br-Ph中的一种时,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
优选的,所述制备方法中以常规化学品取代吲哚1为起始原料,与溴乙醛缩二乙醇和取代甲酰乙酸乙酯一锅法反应得到咔唑酸酯中间体2,反应溶剂为无水甲醇、无水乙醇、甲苯、乙腈中的一种,反应催化剂为三溴化硼、三氟化硼乙醚、氯化铝、醋酸、氯化锌、氯化锆中的至少一种;咔唑酸酯中间体2水解酸化为咔唑酸3;随后咔唑酸3和脂肪胺或芳香胺发生酰胺化制备得到咔唑生物碱衍生物I。优选的,所述制备方法中,取代吲哚1与溴乙醛缩二乙醇和取代甲酰乙酸乙酯的物料比为1:1:1,反应温度为50~80℃,反应时间为2~8h。
当所述结构式I中,R4为-N=CH-Ph、-N=CH-3,4-(MeO)2-Ph、-N=CH-3,4,5-(MeO)3-Ph、-N=CH-4-Me-Ph、-N=CH-4-MeO-Ph、-N=CH-2-MeO-Ph、-N=CH-4-CF3-Ph、-N=CH-2-CF3-Ph、-N=CH-4-CF3O-Ph、-N=CH-2-CF3O-Ph、-N=CH-4-F-Ph、-N=CH-2-F-Ph、-N=CH-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-2-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-4-Br-Ph、-N=CH-4-CN-Ph、-N=CH-2-CN-Ph、-N=CH-3-OMe-4-OH-Ph、-N=CH-2-OH-3-OMe-Ph、-N=CH-2,4-diCl-Ph、-N=CH-2-F-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-3-PhO-Ph、-N=CH-3,4-(CH2OCH2)-Ph、-N=CH-1H-indol-3-yl、-N=CH-2-OH-Ph、-N=CH-CH=CH-Ph、-N=CH-CH=CH-(4-Cl-Ph)、-N=CH-CH=CH-(4-F-Ph)、-N=C(CH3)-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-4-F-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-2-F-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-Cyclohexyl中的一种时,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
其中,R5为H、Me;R6为3,4-(MeO)2-Ph、3,4,5-(MeO)3-Ph、4-Me-Ph、4-MeO-Ph、2-MeO-Ph、4-CF3-Ph、2-CF3-Ph、4-CF3O-Ph、2-CF3O-Ph、4-F-Ph、2-F-Ph、4-Cl-Ph、2-Cl-Ph、4-Br-Ph、4-CN-Ph、2-CN-Ph、3-OMe-4-OH-Ph、2-OH-3-OMe-Ph、2,4-diCl-Ph、2-F-4-Cl-Ph、3-PhO-Ph、3,4-(CH2OCH2)-Ph、1H-indol-3-yl、Ph、2-OH-Ph、-CH=CH-Ph、-CH=CH-(4-Cl-Ph)、-CH=CH-(4-F-Ph)或-Cyclohexyl中的一种。
优选的,所述制备方法中以常规化学品取代吲哚1为起始原料,与溴乙醛缩二乙醇和取代甲酰乙酸乙酯一锅法反应得到咔唑酸酯中间体2,反应溶剂为无水甲醇、无水乙醇、甲苯、乙腈中的一种,反应催化剂为三溴化硼、三氟化硼乙醚、氯化铝、醋酸、氯化锌、氯化锆中的至少一种;咔唑酸酯中间体2与水合肼反应得到中间体咔唑酰肼4,反应溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷中的一种,随后咔唑酰肼4和脂肪醛或芳香醛脱水缩合得到咔唑生物碱衍生物I。再优选的,化合物1与溴乙醛缩二乙醇和取代甲酰乙酸乙酯的物料比为1:1:1,反应温度为50~80℃,反应时间为2~8h;所述水合肼和咔唑酸酯中间体2的物料比为20:1~5:1,反应温度为60~120℃,反应时间为4~20h。
本发明还提供了所述咔唑生物碱衍生物在制备植物病毒抑制剂中的应用,其特殊之处在于,将所述含咔唑生物碱衍生物溶解于稀释剂中即得到抗植物病毒药物,该药物能很好地抑制烟草花叶病毒、番茄病毒、马铃薯病毒、水稻病毒、黄瓜病毒和辣椒病毒,其中,所述植物病毒抑制剂中咔唑生物碱衍生物所占重量百分比为0.001~99.99%,其中,所述稀释剂为丙醇、异丙醇、甘油、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二溴乙烷、甲醇、乙醇、DMF、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、石蜡中的一种或几种;或者为滑石、白云石、石英、高岭土、膨润土、粘土、硅藻土、蒙脱土、活性白土、碳酸钙、氧化膜、硅镁土中的一种或几种;或者为烷基磺酸盐、烷基磺酸酯、烷基芳基磺酸盐、山梨醇聚氧乙烯酯、聚氧乙烯-脂肪醇醚、聚氧乙烯-脂肪酸酯、芳烷基聚乙二醇醚、氟代烷基磺酸酯、烷基硫酸酯、木质素磺酸盐中的一种或几种;或者为聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶中的一种或几种;或者为无机染料、有机染料和痕量营养剂中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述制剂中,含咔唑生物碱衍生物所占重量百分比为5~40%。
再优选的,所述抗植物病毒药物为水乳剂、悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂或水分散颗粒剂。
本发明提供了一类新型的咔唑生物碱衍生物,并且该类化合物具有很好的抗植物病毒活性;该类化合物制备方法简单,原料廉价易得,适合工业放大;随着现有抗植物病毒药物抗药性的增加,该类化合物可作为高效替代产品用于制备新型植物病毒抑制剂的活性成分,适宜于制备抗植物病毒的药物及其活性成分,在生物药物技术等相关领域具有明显的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为采用荧光光谱法检测具有通式I的咔唑生物碱衍生物的部分代表性化合物抗烟草花叶病毒检测荧光信号图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和试验结果对本发明的咔唑生物碱衍生物及其制备方法和应用作进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。本发明所用化学试剂及药品均为市售常规化学品。
本发明具有通式I的咔唑生物碱衍生物的代表性化合物结构如表1所示,但并不限定于本实施例所列举的结构:
表1通式I的代表性化合物结构列表。
实施例1
表1中编号为I2的化合物的制备,其反应路径为:
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取吲哚(10mmol)、溴乙醛缩二乙醇(10mmol)、乙酰乙酸乙酯(10mmol)溶于有机溶剂乙醇(30mL)中,再加入ZnCl2(1.0mol),将上述反应液于配有磁力搅拌的反应器中,60℃下搅拌反应2h。
2)将中间体2a(5.0mmol)溶于KOH(15.0mmol)的EtOH/H2O(3:1)溶液中(20mL),70℃搅拌6h后加入稀盐酸酸化。
3)取中间体3a(3mmol)溶于15mL干燥的DMF中,随后依次加入HATU(3.3mmol)和DIPEA(15mmol),将反应液置于室温反应8h。得到目标化合物I2。
目标化合物I2的光谱数据:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=11.26(s,1H),10.84(s,1H),8.34(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.52(dd,J=8.2,2.5Hz,1H),7.42–7.39(m,1H),7.35(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.15(dd,J=9.9,6.5Hz,2H),7.10–7.07(m,1H),7.01–6.98(m,1H),3.57(dd,J=13.5,7.3Hz,2H),2.99(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.55(s,3H)ppm.13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=167.0,140.9,139.7,136.7,134.7,127.8,127.7,126.3,123.1,122.9,121.4,121.0,119.2,118.8,118.7,118.6,118.5,117.6,112.4,111.8,111.6,32.0,25.7,14.7ppm.
实施例2
表1中编号为I11的化合物的制备,其反应路径为:
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取吲哚(10mmol)、溴乙醛缩二乙醇(10mmol)、乙酰乙酸乙酯(10mmol)溶于有机溶剂乙腈(30mL)中,再加入AlCl3(1.0mol),将上述反应液于配有磁力搅拌的反应器中,50℃下搅拌反应2小时。
2)将中间体2a(5.0mmol)溶于20mL乙醇中,加入水合肼(25mmol),将上述反应液于配有磁力搅拌的反应器中,80℃下搅拌反应6小时。
3)分别将中间体4a(2.0mmol)和3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛(2.0mmol)溶于溶剂乙醇(10mL)中,加热回流过夜,得到目标化合物I11。
目标化合物I11的光谱数据:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=11.66(s,1H),11.37(s,1H),8.26(s,1H),8.16(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.43(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.21–7.17(m,2H),7.03(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),3.84(s,3H),3.82(s,3H),2.63(s,3H)ppm.13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=166.0,151.1,149.6,147.6,141.0,139.7,132.6,127.6,126.6,123.4,122.8,122.3,121.2,119.4,119.3,118.8,117.9,112.0,111.7,108.6,56.0,55.9,14.8ppm.
实施例3
表1中编号为I12的化合物的制备,其反应路径为:
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取吲哚(10mmol)、溴乙醛缩二乙醇(10mmol)、乙酰乙酸乙酯(10mmol)溶于有机溶剂甲苯(30mL)中,再加入HAc(0.5mL),将上述反应液于配有磁力搅拌的反应器中,60℃下搅拌反应4h。
2)将中间体2a(5.0mmol)溶于20mL乙腈中,加入水合肼(30.0mmol),将上述反应液于配有磁力搅拌的反应器中,80℃反应6h。
3)分别将中间体4a(2.0mmol)和3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛(2.0mmol)溶于溶剂乙醇(10mL)中,加热回流过夜,得到目标化合物I12。
目标化合物I12的光谱数据:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=11.79(s,1H),11.39(s,1H),8.27(s,1H),8.16(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.44(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.19(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.03(s,2H),3.85(s,6H),3.72(s,3H),2.64(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=166.2,153.7,147.47,141.1,139.7,139.6,132.5,130.4,126.6,123.5,122.8,121.2,119.4,118.8,117.9,111.8,104.7,60.6,56.4,14.8ppm.
实施例4
表1中编号为I16的化合物的制备,其反应路径为:
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取N-甲基吲哚1b(10mmol)、溴乙醛缩二乙醇(10mmol)、乙酰乙酸乙酯(10mmol)溶于有机溶剂甲苯(30mL)中,再加入HAc(0.5mL),将上述反应液于配有磁力搅拌的反应器中,60℃下搅拌反应4h。
2)将中间体2b(5.0mmol)溶于20mL乙腈中,加入水合肼(30.0mmol),将上述反应液于配有磁力搅拌的反应器中,80℃反应6h。
3)分别将中间体4b(2.0mmol)和3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛(2.0mmol)溶于溶剂乙醇(10mL)中,加热回流过夜,得到目标化合物I16。
目标化合物I16的光谱数据:化合物I16:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=11.83(s,1H),8.25(s,1H),8.18(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.09(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.50(ddd,J=8.3,7.2,1.1Hz,1H),7.22(dt,J=7.7,2.0Hz,2H),7.03(s,2H),4.17(s,3H),3.85(s,6H),3.72(s,3H),2.87(s,1H)ppm.13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=166.5,153.7,147.6,142.7,139.8,139.6,135.0,130.3,126.8,124.3,122.0,119.6,119.5,119.0,118.2,110.0,107.2,104.7,60.6,56.4,33.3,16.6ppm.
实施例5
表1中其它代表性化合物的制备
参照实施例1~4所述的基本合成方法,并结合表1中所述化合物的结构特征选用不同的常规化工原料,便可便利制备表中所列的含有不同取代基的咔唑衍生物。
所制备得到表1中其它代表性化合物的光谱数据如下:
化合物I14:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=11.59(s,1H),11.37(s,1H),9.54(s,1H),8.22(s,1H),8.15(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.45–7.42(m,1H),7.33(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.19(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.07(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H),6.84(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.85(s,3H),2.63(s,3H)ppm.
化合物I17:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=11.64(s,1H),9.55(s,1H),8.20(s,1H),8.17(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.50(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.33(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.22(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.07(dd,J=8.1,1.6Hz,1H),6.85(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.16(d,J=8.3Hz,3H),3.84(d,J=7.9Hz,3H),2.86(s,3H)ppm.13CNMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=166.3,149.4,148.5,148.1,142.6,139.8,135.2,126.8,126.2,124.2,122.6,122.1,120.8,119.6,119.5,119.0,118.2,115.9,110.0,109.4,56.0,33.3,16.6ppm.
化合物I20:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=11.86(s,1H),8.30(s,1H),8.18(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.09(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.65–7.63(m,1H),7.52–7.48(m,2H),7.48–7.43(m,3H),7.36(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.25–7.19(m,3H),7.10(dd,J=8.5,0.8Hz,2H),6.94–6.86(m,1H),4.17(s,3H),2.85(s,3H)ppm.13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃)δ=166.6,157.8,156.8,146.9,142.7,139.8,136.8,134.8,131.1,130.7,130.3,126.8,124.4,124.3,123.3,122.0,120.8,119.6,119.5,119.0,118.2,116.0,115.0,110.0,33.3,16.6ppm.
实施例6
化合物的抗植物病毒活性测定
将前述实施例含咔唑生物碱衍生物溶解于稀释剂中即得到抗植物病毒药物,其中,咔唑生物碱衍生物所占重量百分比为0.001~99.99%,稀释剂为丙醇、异丙醇、甘油、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二溴乙烷、甲醇、乙醇、DMF、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、石蜡中的一种或几种;或者为滑石、白云石、石英、高岭土、膨润土、粘土、硅藻土、蒙脱土、活性白土、碳酸钙、氧化膜、硅镁土中的一种或几种;或者为烷基磺酸盐、烷基磺酸酯、烷基芳基磺酸盐、山梨醇聚氧乙烯酯、聚氧乙烯-脂肪醇醚、聚氧乙烯-脂肪酸酯、芳烷基聚乙二醇醚、氟代烷基磺酸酯、烷基硫酸酯、木质素磺酸盐中的一种或几种;或者为聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶中的一种或几种;或者为无机染料、有机染料和痕量营养剂中的一种或几种。抗植物病毒药物为水乳剂、悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂或水分散颗粒剂。
以烟草花叶病毒为例,将烟草花叶病毒(TMV)以农杆菌介导的手段转化到常用模式植物本氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)中,随后采用荧光法考察化合物的抗病毒作用,测试结果如表2及附图1所示。结果表明,化合物I2,I5,I13,I14,I15,I17,I20,I29处理后的叶片的荧光信号要弱于对照,具有明显的抗病毒活性;化合物I13,I14,I15,I48在10μM和50μM的抗病毒活性分别大于50%和59%,要优于对照ribavirin,化合物I13,I14,I17的抗病毒活性与对照Ningnanmycin相当。
表2代表性化合物的抗病毒活性
Claims (10)
1.一种咔唑生物碱衍生物,其特征在于:它的结构如结构式I所示:
其中:
R1为H、4-Me、4-F、4-Cl、4-Br、4-NO2、5-Me、5-F、5-Cl、5-Br、5-NO2、5-CN、5-MeO、6-F或7-F中的一种;
R2为H、Me、Et、Ph、Bn、Boc或SO2Me中的一种;
R3为Me或Ph;
R4为CH2CH2(4-F-Ph)、CH2CH2OMe、CH2CH2SO2Me、CH2(3-OMe-4-OH-Ph)、CH(CO2Me)CH2CH2SMe、CH2(CH2)2CH3、CH2CH2(1H-indol-3-yl)、CH2Ph、CH2-3-Py、CH2-2-Py、Ph、4-OMe-Ph、4-Me-Ph、4-CF3-Ph、4-F-Ph、2-F-Ph、4-Cl-Ph、2-Cl-Ph、4-Br-Ph、-N=CH-Ph、-N=CH-3,4-(MeO)2-Ph、-N=CH-3,4,5-(MeO)3-Ph、-N=CH-4-Me-Ph、-N=CH-4-MeO-Ph、-N=CH-2-MeO-Ph、-N=CH-4-CF3-Ph、-N=CH-2-CF3-Ph、-N=CH-4-CF3O-Ph、-N=CH-2-CF3O-Ph、-N=CH-4-F-Ph、-N=CH-2-F-Ph、-N=CH-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-2-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-4-Br-Ph、-N=CH-4-CN-Ph、-N=CH-2-CN-Ph、-N=CH-3-OMe-4-OH-Ph、-N=CH-2-OH-3-OMe-Ph、-N=CH-2,4-diCl-Ph、-N=CH-2-F-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-3-PhO-Ph、-N=CH-3,4-(CH2OCH2)-Ph、-N=CH-1H-indol-3-yl、-N=CH-2-OH-Ph、-N=CH-CH=CH-Ph、-N=CH-CH=CH-(4-Cl-Ph)、-N=CH-CH=CH-(4-F-Ph)、-N=C(CH3)-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-4-F-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-2-F-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-4-Cl-Ph或-N=CH-Cyclohexyl中的一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述咔唑生物碱衍生物,其特征在于:所述制备方法中以取代吲哚1为起始原料,与溴乙醛缩二乙醇和取代甲酰乙酸乙酯反应得到咔唑酸酯中间体2,反应溶剂为无水甲醇、无水乙醇、甲苯、乙腈中的一种,反应催化剂为三溴化硼、三氟化硼乙醚、氯化铝、醋酸、氯化锌、氯化锆中的至少一种;咔唑酸酯中间体2水解酸化为咔唑酸3,随后咔唑酸3和脂肪胺或芳香胺发生酰胺化制备得到咔唑生物碱衍生物I。
4.根据权利要求3所述咔唑生物碱衍生物,其特征在于:所述制备方法中,取代吲哚1与溴乙醛缩二乙醇和取代甲酰乙酸乙酯的物料比为1:1:1,反应温度为50~80℃,反应时间为2~8h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的咔唑生物碱衍生物,其特征在于:所述结构式I中,R4为-N=CH-Ph、-N=CH-3,4-(MeO)2-Ph、-N=CH-3,4,5-(MeO)3-Ph、-N=CH-4-Me-Ph、-N=CH-4-MeO-Ph、-N=CH-2-MeO-Ph、-N=CH-4-CF3-Ph、-N=CH-2-CF3-Ph、-N=CH-4-CF3O-Ph、-N=CH-2-CF3O-Ph、-N=CH-4-F-Ph、-N=CH-2-F-Ph、-N=CH-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-2-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-4-Br-Ph、-N=CH-4-CN-Ph、-N=CH-2-CN-Ph、-N=CH-3-OMe-4-OH-Ph、-N=CH-2-OH-3-OMe-Ph、-N=CH-2,4-diCl-Ph、-N=CH-2-F-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-3-PhO-Ph、-N=CH-3,4-(CH2OCH2)-Ph、-N=CH-1H-indol-3-yl、-N=CH-2-OH-Ph、-N=CH-CH=CH-Ph、-N=CH-CH=CH-(4-Cl-Ph)、-N=CH-CH=CH-(4-F-Ph)、-N=C(CH3)-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-4-F-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-2-F-Ph、-N=C(CH3)-4-Cl-Ph、-N=CH-Cyclohexyl中的一种时,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
其中,R5为H、Me;R6为3,4-(MeO)2-Ph、3,4,5-(MeO)3-Ph、4-Me-Ph、4-MeO-Ph、2-MeO-Ph、4-CF3-Ph、2-CF3-Ph、4-CF3O-Ph、2-CF3O-Ph、4-F-Ph、2-F-Ph、4-Cl-Ph、2-Cl-Ph、4-Br-Ph、4-CN-Ph、2-CN-Ph、3-OMe-4-OH-Ph、2-OH-3-OMe-Ph、2,4-diCl-Ph、2-F-4-Cl-Ph、3-PhO-Ph、3,4-(CH2OCH2)-Ph、1H-indol-3-yl、Ph、2-OH-Ph、-CH=CH-Ph、-CH=CH-(4-Cl-Ph)、-CH=CH-(4-F-Ph)或-Cyclohexyl中的一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述咔唑生物碱衍生物,其特征在于:所述制备方法中以取代吲哚1为起始原料,与溴乙醛缩二乙醇和取代甲酰乙酸乙酯反应得到咔唑酸酯中间体2,反应溶剂为无水甲醇、无水乙醇、甲苯、乙腈中的一种,反应催化剂为三溴化硼、三氟化硼乙醚、氯化铝、醋酸、氯化锌、氯化锆中的至少一种;咔唑酸酯中间体2与水合肼反应得到中间体咔唑酰肼4,反应溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷中的一种,随后咔唑酰肼4和脂肪醛或芳香醛脱水缩合得到咔唑生物碱衍生物I。
7.根据权利要求5所述咔唑生物碱衍生物,其特征在于:所述制备方法中,取代吲哚1与溴乙醛缩二乙醇和取代甲酰乙酸乙酯的物料比为1:1:1,反应温度为50~80℃,反应时间为2~8h;所述水合肼和咔唑酸酯中间体2的物料比为20:1~5:1,反应温度为60~120℃,反应时间为4~20h。
8.一种权利要求1所述咔唑生物碱衍生物在制备植物病毒抑制剂中的应用,其特征在于:将所述含咔唑生物碱衍生物溶解于稀释剂中即得到抗植物病毒药物,所述植物病毒抑制剂中咔唑生物碱衍生物所占重量百分比为0.001~99.99%,其中,所述稀释剂为丙醇、异丙醇、甘油、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二溴乙烷、甲醇、乙醇、DMF、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、石蜡中的一种或几种;或者为滑石、白云石、石英、高岭土、膨润土、粘土、硅藻土、蒙脱土、活性白土、碳酸钙、氧化膜、硅镁土中的一种或几种;或者为烷基磺酸盐、烷基磺酸酯、烷基芳基磺酸盐、山梨醇聚氧乙烯酯、聚氧乙烯-脂肪醇醚、聚氧乙烯-脂肪酸酯、芳烷基聚乙二醇醚、氟代烷基磺酸酯、烷基硫酸酯、木质素磺酸盐中的一种或几种;或者为聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶中的一种或几种;或者为无机染料、有机染料和痕量营养剂中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求8所述咔唑生物碱衍生物在制备抗植物病毒药物中的应用,其特征在于:所述制剂中,含咔唑生物碱衍生物所占重量百分比为5~40%。
10.根据权利要求8所述咔唑生物碱衍生物在制备抗植物病毒药物中的应用,其特征在于:所述抗植物病毒药物为水乳剂、悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂或水分散颗粒剂。
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