CN112374613A - Biological regulation and control method for lake submerged plants - Google Patents
Biological regulation and control method for lake submerged plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN112374613A CN112374613A CN202011262814.4A CN202011262814A CN112374613A CN 112374613 A CN112374613 A CN 112374613A CN 202011262814 A CN202011262814 A CN 202011262814A CN 112374613 A CN112374613 A CN 112374613A
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological regulation and control method of lake submerged plants. Belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of shallow lakes. The method comprises the following steps: stocking crucian in the area needing to be regulated, wherein the stocking density is 70-130 g/m3(ii) a Or breeding snails in the area needing to be regulated and controlled, wherein the breeding density is 50-250 g/m3. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: crucian carp or snail is used as a debugging species, which is beneficial to regulating and improving the community structure of submerged plants in the water ecosystem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of shallow lakes, in particular to a biological regulation and control method of lake submerged plants.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, a large amount of industrial sewage and domestic sewage are discharged, the ecological environment of a freshwater lake is damaged to a certain extent, wherein the problem of water eutrophication is particularly prominent. As one of the important primary producers in the lake ecosystem, the structure and spatial distribution of submerged plant communities have important influence on the lake ecosystem. Therefore, the recovery and regulation of the submerged plants become important means for improving the lake water environment and improving the health of the lake ecosystem.
The existing means for regulating the growth of submerged plants mainly comprise three methods, namely a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method. The physical methods, namely manual salvage and mechanical harvest, have high cost and large labor force, can only act in a short time and a small range, and cannot eliminate the harm caused by overgrowth of submerged plants for a long time; chemical methods such as using herbicides are easy to pollute the water environment and harm ecological safety. The biological method mainly controls submerged plants by the grazing action of aquatic organisms such as herbivorous fishes, and has the advantages of low cost, high safety and lasting effect. At present, grass carp is mainly used as biological regulation and control for the growth of submerged plants, but the following problems exist, such as the density, age, individual size, water temperature, pH value and the like of the grass carp influence the control effect of the grass carp on the submerged plants. In the actual operation process, the phenomenon that the ecological system is collapsed due to excessive grazing of the grass carps often exists.
In conclusion, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide a biological regulation method with good effect and low risk for repairing and regulating the structure of submerged plant communities.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a biological regulation and control method for lake submerged plants. Crucian carp and snail are used as debugging species, which is beneficial to regulating and improving the community structure of submerged plants in the water ecosystem.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a biological regulation and control method for lake submerged plants comprises the following steps:
stocking crucian in the area needing to be regulated, wherein the stocking density is 70-130 g/m3(ii) a Or to the region to be regulatedBreeding the snails in a stocking density of 50-250 g/m3。
At present, the treatment of eutrophic lakes is mainly divided into 2 steps. The first step is as follows: submerged plants such as Goldfish algae, spiculate Foliumlesscus, potamogeton pectinatus, and hydrilla verticillata are planted for removing nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed in eutrophic water. The second step is that: and (3) removing overgrown submerged plants, adjusting the structure of a plant community, and preventing secondary pollution caused by decay of a large amount of submerged plants.
In the first step of eutrophic lake treatment, a large amount of algae is attached to the surface of submerged plants, which affects the field planting of the submerged plants and the absorption of nutrient salts in water. The snails can remove sessile algae on the surface of the submerged plant, promote the growth of the spica foxtail, the potamogeton pectinatus and the like, and avoid the death of the submerged plant or the reduction of the nutrient salt absorption efficiency caused by excessive algae.
The excessive nutrition of the water body causes the large amount of growth of submerged plants, wherein the pollution-resistant submerged plants such as spike-shaped myriophyllum, potamogeton pectinatus and the like are taken as main aquatic plants. Although submerged plants play an important role in maintaining the clear water steady state in a water area, excessive growth of canopy submerged plants often causes insufficient underwater illumination, and indirectly influences community distribution of other aquatic organisms; the respiration of submerged plants also consumes a large amount of oxygen, and the decay and decomposition of plant residues also cause secondary pollution to water. In the second step of eutrophic lake treatment, crucian can be used for regulating and controlling the overgrowth of submerged plants, the crucian has obvious influence on the competition of the eel grass and the cluster foxtail algae, the biomass of the cluster foxtail algae of the crown-layer submerged plants can be obviously reduced, the population competition advantage of the eel grass of the non-crown-layer submerged plants is improved, and the community structure of the submerged plants in the water ecological system is further regulated and controlled and improved.
In the practical application process, the crucian carp or the snail can be selected to be used for regulation and control according to the practical situation.
The beneficial effects are as follows: (1) crucian carp, omnivorous fish, ingesting submerged plants, benthonic animals, algae, plant debris, small mollusks, humus, and the like. Is widely used in fresh water areas in China. The invention uses crucian as a debugging speciesThrough monitoring the total dry weight and population proportion of the tape grass and the spicate foxtail algae, the density of the crucian carp is 70-130 g/m3In addition, the biomass of the coronarium submerged plant spica foxtail algae can be obviously reduced, the population advantage of the non-coronarium submerged plant tape grass is improved, and the regulation and the improvement of the community structure of the submerged plant in the water ecosystem are facilitated. (2) The density of the crucian has very important influence on the regulation and control effect, the density of the crucian is too high, the disturbance is strong, the water body is turbid, and the biomass of submerged plants is reduced. The density is too low, and the growth of submerged plants is promoted. (3) The freshwater snails can graze and eat attached algae, and submerged plants can be planted in the damaged water body conveniently. By utilizing the mutual beneficial effect between the snails and the submerged plants, the sessile algae on the surface of the submerged plants are removed, the utilization rate of the submerged plants to the illumination and the absorption rate of the submerged plants to nutrient salts are increased, and the field planting of the submerged plants in an aquatic ecosystem is promoted. (4) The density of the snails has very important influence on the regulation and control effect, the promotion effect of the too low density of the snails on the growth of submerged plants is not obvious, and the promotion effect of the too high density of the snails is reduced.
Preferably, the snails are Chinese round-field snails, oval-shaped radish snails or painted-ring-shaped snails, and the stocking density is 150-250 g/m3、50～200g/m3、50～200g/m3。
The beneficial effects are as follows: (1) the elliptic turnip snail is eaten by taking submerged plant leaves and attached algae as food, lives on the upper layer of a water body, floats on the water surface or is attached to the surface of the submerged plant, can directly graze the attached algae on the branches and leaves of the submerged plant, and improves the photosynthesis efficiency of the submerged plant. (2) The periwinkle is painted on by taking plant debris, rotten organic matters and attached algae on the surface layer of the plant as food, and hardly has the capability of taking fresh and alive tissues of aquatic plants. Living in the lower layer of the water body or attached to the surface of the submerged plant. (3) The Chinese river snail eats bacteria and humus in bottom mud, phytoplankton, suspended organic debris, tender aquatic plants and the like in water. Living in the bottom layer of the water body, and accelerating the circulation of bottom layer materials of the water ecosystem. (4) The Chinese round-field snails live at the bottom layer, the oval-shaped radish snails live at the upper layer of the water body, the painted orbicularis snails are usually attached to the surface of the submerged plant and can move in the upper, middle and lower water layers, and the three snails can graze and attach algae and promote the growth of the submerged plant in a proper density range.
Preferably, the body length of the crucian carp is 12-18 cm.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the crucian carp has too high body length and strong disturbance capability, reduces the transparency of a water body, and is not beneficial to plant growth. The body length is low, the grazing ability to submerged plants is weak, and the regulation effect cannot be achieved.
Preferably, the submerged plant is one or more of spicate myriophyllum, potamogeton pectinatus, hydrilla verticillata and tape grass.
(1) The ear-shaped myriophyllum and the canopy submerged plant are favored by high temperature, are widely distributed in the world, have strong reproductive capacity, mainly adopt vegetative propagation as a main part, and can be directly propagated by branch and leaf tip cuttage, vegetative transplantation, spore planting and the like. Sexual reproduction is generally performed by sowing seeds and nutrient soil in spring festival. Places like sunshine. Is often applied to the aspects of environmental monitoring, treatment and water environment and water quality purification. (2) Picrass, a lotus-seat type submerged plant, is mainly grown in rivers, lakes, streams, gullies and ponds. Can be propagated both sexually and asexually. The branches on the root stem can be cut off in 5-8 months for propagation, and the environment is hidden. Is often applied to landscape management, medicine and environmental monitoring and management. (3) Potamogeton pectinatus and canopy submerged plants grow in various water bodies such as rivers, ditches and ponds, the water bodies are slightly acidic or neutral, and the potamogeton pectinatus and canopy submerged plants are also found in a few slightly alkaline water bodies and salt water in northwest China. The distribution is global, especially in the temperate water areas of two hemispheres. Is commonly used for environmental monitoring and treatment, water purification of water environment and the like.
Preferably, the biological regulation and control effect is better when the temperature of the lake water body is 20-32 ℃.
Preferably, when the crucian carp is bred, the biological regulation effect is better when the water temperature of the lake is 20-30 ℃; when the snails are bred, the biological regulation effect is better when the temperature of the lake water body is 25-32 ℃.
The beneficial effects are as follows: (1) the crucian carp feed is suitable for crucian carp grazing at 20-30 ℃, and feeding of crucian carps is affected by overhigh temperature, overlow temperature and sudden change. (2) When the water temperature is 25-32 ℃, the temperature is more favorable for the growth and the propagation of submerged plants.
Preferably, when the crucian carp is bred, selecting an area with the coverage of submerged plants within 50-90%.
Preferably, when the crucian carp is put into a stocking, the canopy submerged plants in the submerged plants account for 80-90%.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the biomass of non-canopy submerged plants is concentrated in the lower water layer, which is beneficial to fixing the substrate and reducing the resuspension of sediments.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: crucian carp or snail is used as a debugging species, which is beneficial to regulating and improving the community structure of submerged plants in the water ecosystem.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of changes in physical and chemical factors of water in example 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a DO result, (b) is a TN result, (c) is a TP result, (d) is a COD result, (e) is a transparency result, and (f) is a temperature result;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing Chla content in water at the end of the experiment in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of various growth and morphology indexes of Sophora alopecuroides in example 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) shows the plant height results; (b) root length results; (c) the result of the number of the divided plants is obtained; (d) as root dry weight results; (e) as a total dry weight result; (f) the root ratio result is obtained;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of various growth and morphological indexes of Myriophyllum spicatum in example 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) is the plant height result; (b) root length results; (c) as a result of the number of branches; (d) as root dry weight results; (e) as a total dry weight result; (f) the root ratio result is obtained;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the ratio of the total biomass of submerged plants (tape grass and Selaginella spicatum) in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing TN and TP results of each treatment group in a water body in example 7 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a TN result and (b) is a TP result;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the single-factor analysis of variance of morphological and biomass indexes of submerged plant watermifoil and potamogeton pectinatus in example 7 of the present invention, wherein (a) shows the result of the plant height of potamogeton pectinatus and (b) shows the result of the root length of potamogeton pectinatus; (c) the dry weight result of the potamogeton pectinatus root is obtained; (d) the root ratio of the potamogeton pectinatus is the result; (e) the result is the total dry weight of the potamogeton pectinatus; (f) the high fruiting rate of the spike-shaped foxtail algae strains; (g) the root growth of the spike-shaped myriophyllum is fruiting; (h) the dry weight result of the roots of the myriophyllum spicatum is obtained; (i) the ratio of the roots of the paniculate myriophyllum is the result; (j) the result is the total dry weight of the spike-shaped myriophyllum;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing TN and TP results of each treatment group in a water body in example 8 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a TN result and (b) is a TP result;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing a single-factor analysis of variance of morphological and biomass indexes of submerged plant watermifoil and potamogeton pectinatus in example 8 of the present invention, wherein (a) shows a result of plant height of potamogeton pectinatus, and (b) shows a result of root length of potamogeton pectinatus; (c) the dry weight result of the potamogeton pectinatus root is obtained; (d) the root ratio of the potamogeton pectinatus is the result; (e) the result is the total dry weight of the potamogeton pectinatus; (f) the high fruiting rate of the spike-shaped foxtail algae strains; (g) the root growth of the spike-shaped myriophyllum is fruiting; (h) the dry weight result of the roots of the myriophyllum spicatum is obtained; (i) the ratio of the roots of the paniculate myriophyllum is the result; (j) the result is the total dry weight of the spike-shaped myriophyllum;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing TN and TP results of each treatment group in a water body in example 9 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a TN result and (b) is a TP result;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing a single-factor analysis of variance of morphological and biomass indexes of submerged plant watermifoil and potamogeton pectinatus in example 9 of the present invention, wherein (a) shows a result of plant height of potamogeton pectinatus, and (b) shows a result of root length of potamogeton pectinatus; (c) the dry weight result of the potamogeton pectinatus root is obtained; (d) the root ratio of the potamogeton pectinatus is the result; (e) the result is the total dry weight of the potamogeton pectinatus; (f) the high fruiting rate of the spike-shaped foxtail algae strains; (g) the root growth of the spike-shaped myriophyllum is fruiting; (h) the dry weight result of the roots of the myriophyllum spicatum is obtained; (i) the ratio of the roots of the paniculate myriophyllum is the result; (j) the result is the total dry weight of the spicate myriophyllum.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The required medicament is a conventional experimental medicament purchased from a market channel; the unrecited experimental method is a conventional experimental method, and is not described in detail herein.
Example 1
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
(1) in length × width × height: a test pond of 2X 1.5m was filled with 50cm deep lake water.
(2) Planting the submerged plants of the spike-shaped myriophyllum and the tape grass in the experimental pond, wherein the planting density of the submerged plants of the spike-shaped myriophyllum and the tape grass is 7.5 grains/m2Before planting, the ear-shaped myriophyllum and the tape grass need to be washed with clear water for 3-4 times.
(3) After one week, lake water was added to the experimental pond to a water level of 125 cm.
(4) When the height of the ear-shaped myriophyllum reaches 125cm, the density of 100g/m is respectively added into an experimental water pool3、200g/m3、300g/m3The crucian (respectively a low-density group, a medium-density group and a high-density group) of the crucian, the control group does not put the crucian, and each treatment is repeated three times, wherein the body length of the crucian is 15 +/-1 cm.
(II) measurement indexes:
(1) physical and chemical factors of the water body: temperature, DO, TN, TP, COD, transparency;
(2) the content of Chla in the water body;
(3) the growth and morphological indexes of the tape grass are as follows: plant height, root length, plant division number, dry root weight, total dry root weight and root proportion;
(4) the growth and morphological indexes of the spicate myriophyllum are as follows: plant height, root length, plant division number, dry root weight, total dry root weight and root proportion;
(5) the total biomass of the submerged plants accounts for the ratio.
(III) the measurement method:
(1) the water quality is monitored regularly, and water samples are collected once every 10 days, wherein the sampling time is 16:00 to 17:00 in the afternoon. During sampling, a 5L water sampler is used for collecting water samples of all experimental units, and TN, TP and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of a water body are measured in a laboratory. Measuring indexes such as Temperature (T) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) by using a portable multi-parameter water quality analyzer (YSI Professional Plus, USA); the transparency was measured with a Secchi Disc (SD).
(2) At the end of the experiment (day 50), the water bodies Chla of each treatment group were examined.
(3) And (3) collecting all the tape grass and spicate myriophyllum plants in each experimental water tank at the same time when the experiment is finished, carefully brushing off attachments on the surfaces of the plants by using a soft brush, sucking water on the surfaces of the plants by using filter paper, and measuring the root length, the plant height and the plant division number of the two plants. Drying the tape grass and the ear-shaped myriophyllum at 60 ℃ to constant weight, measuring the total dry weight and the dry root weight, and calculating the root ratio.
(IV) measurement results: the measurement results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, and the results show that:
the temperature and COD of each group have certain fluctuation during the experiment, the temperature change range is 27.6-30.6 ℃, the COD change range is 13.67-51.5 mg/L, but no obvious difference (P is more than 0.05) exists among the groups (figure 1). The difference in DO concentration between the three treatment groups was not great but was significantly lower than the control group DO concentration (P < 0.05) (FIG. 1). The crucian carp is put into the culture, so that the transparency of a water body is obviously reduced, and the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient salts is improved. During the test, the transparency of the control group is maintained at 125cm, the low density group is varied from 78 to 125cm, the medium density group is varied from 43 to 125cm, and the high density group is varied from 30 to 125cm (fig. 1). The mass concentrations of TN and TP in the water body increase with the increase of the crucian density, and are expressed as a comparison group < a low density group < a medium density group < a high density group (figure 1).
The Chla content of the water body is in a positive correlation with the crucian stocking density (figure 2), and the disturbance and excretion of crucian can cause the content of nutritive salt in the water body to be increased, thereby promoting the growth of phytoplankton.
The density of crucian carp has influence on the control effect, and is 100g/m3Then, the crucian carp can control the biomass of the submerged plant and maintain the clear water state of the water body at 300g/m3In time, the crucian carp can control the biomass of submerged plants, but can cause the sediment and suspended particles to be resuspended, and the transparency of the water body is reduced (figure 1, figure 3 and figure 4).
The density of crucian carp has obvious influence on the competition of the picrasm and the cluster foxtail algae, and is 100g/m3Can obviously improve the population competitive advantage of the tape grass and is beneficial to the field planting of the tape grass (figure 5).
Example 2
The crucian carp is 13 +/-1 cm long, and the rest of the operation steps are the same as those in the example 1.
The result shows that the density of the crucian has influence on the control effect and is 100g/m3Then, the crucian carp can control the biomass of the submerged plant and maintain the clear water state of the water body at 300g/m3In the process, the crucian carp can control the biomass of submerged plants, but can cause the sediment and suspended particles to be resuspended, so that the transparency of the water body is reduced. The density of crucian carp has obvious influence on the competition of the picrasm and the cluster foxtail algae, and is 100g/m3Can obviously improve the population competitive advantage of the tape grass and is beneficial to the field planting of the tape grass.
Example 3
The crucian carp is 17 +/-1 cm long, and the rest of the operation steps are the same as those in the example 1.
The result shows that the density of the crucian has influence on the control effect and is 100g/m3Then, the crucian carp can control the biomass of the submerged plant and maintain the clear water state of the water body at 300g/m3In the process, the crucian carp can control the biomass of submerged plants, but can cause the sediment and suspended particles to be resuspended, so that the transparency of the water body is reduced. The density of crucian carp has obvious influence on the competition of the picrasm and the cluster foxtail algae, and is 100g/m3Can obviously improve the population competitive advantage of the tape grass and is beneficial to the field planting of the tape grass.
Example 4
The adding density of the crucian carp is 70g/m3、100g/m3、130g/m3The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
The results show that the density of the crucian has an influence on the control effect, and the density is controlled at three densities (70 g/m)3、100g/m3、130g/m3) And the crucian carp can control the biomass of the submerged plant and maintain the clear water state of the water body, so that the population competitive advantage of the eel grass is improved, and the permanent planting of the eel grass is facilitated.
Example 5
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the crucian carp was changed to grass carp.
The result shows that the grass carp eats the submerged plants in the next day, the grass carp is excessively grazed, the transparency of the water body is 35cm at most during the experiment, and the water body is turbid.
Example 6
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the crusian carp was changed to megalobrama amblycephala.
The result shows that after the megalobrama amblycephala is bred for one week, the megalobrama amblycephala eats submerged plants, the transparency of the water body is 45cm at most after the experiment is finished, and the water body is muddy.
Example 7
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
(1) in length × width × height: 50cm lake water was placed in a 2X 1.5m laboratory water tank.
(2) Planting the submerged plants of the spica foxtail and the potamogeton pectinatus in the experimental water tank according to the proportion of 1: 1. The planting density of the two submerged plants is 7.5 particles/m2And the plants need to be washed by clear water for 3-4 times before being planted.
(3) After one week, adding lake water to the test water pool until the submerged plants are all alive to reach the water depth of 125 cm.
(4) Adding the mixture into a test water pool respectively with the density of 100g/m3、200g/m3、300g/m3The Elaphe septentrionalis (low density group, medium density group and high density group, respectively) of (1) were administered without any control group.
(II) measurement indexes:
(1) physical and chemical factors of the water body: temperature, DO, TN, TP, SPC, TDS, pH;
(2) the perforales pectinatus has various growth and form indexes: plant height, root length, dry root weight, root proportion and total dry weight;
(3) the growth and morphological indexes of the spicate myriophyllum are as follows: plant height, root length, dry root weight, root proportion, and total dry weight.
(III) the measurement method:
(1) measuring temperature (T), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), conductivity (SPC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and pH with portable multiparameter water quality analyzer (YSI Professional Plus, USA) for seven days; after 50 days, the test was completed, and the potamogeton pectinatus and the watermifoil were dried at 60 ℃ to a constant weight, and the total dry weight was measured.
(2) The density of the oval radish snails is taken as a variable, the differences of growth and morphological indexes of 2 submerged plants are detected by adopting One-way ANOVA (One-way ANOVA), and the Turkey's HSD method is adopted for pairwise comparison, so that the significance level is P less than 0.05. If the data variance is not uniform or does not satisfy the normal distribution before analysis of variance, lg (x +1) conversion is performed.
(IV) measurement results:
the measurement results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 6 to 7.
TABLE 1 treatment composition factors during the experiment
The results show that: (1) during the experiment, the highest water temperature is 30.4 ℃, the lowest water temperature is 22.2 ℃, the water temperatures of all treatment groups have no obvious difference, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than 6.5mg/L during the whole experiment, and the water body of all the treatment groups is alkaline during the experiment. (2) With the increase of the stocking density of the oval radish snails, the TN content is increased, and the TP content is not obviously different (figure 6). (3) For submerged plant potamogeton pectinatus, the root length of the high-density component potamogeton pectinatus is obviously reduced, the total dry weight of the low-density component potamogeton pectinatus is increased, and the plant height, the dry weight and the root ratio of the potamogeton pectinatus are not obviously influenced. For submerged plant spike-shaped myriophyllum vulgare, the high-density group for stocking the Elaphe elliptica is obviously increasedThe plant height, root length and root dry weight of the cladocera are increased, the total dry weight of the cladocera of the low-density group and the medium-density group is increased, and the ratio of the cladocera to the root of the cladocera is not obviously influenced. (FIG. 7) and (4) at 100g/m3And 200g/m3In addition, the praeruptospira ellipsosporum promotes the growth of the submerged plant watery foxtail algae and the potamogeton pectinatus, but the effect of promoting the growth of the submerged plant is reduced as the density is increased.
Example 8
The procedure of example 7 was repeated except that the oval-shaped rapana venosa was replaced with the round-shaped rapana venosa of China.
The experimental results are as follows: see Table 2 and FIGS. 8-9.
TABLE 2 treatment composition factors during the experiment
The results show that: (1) during the experiment, the average water temperature has no obvious difference, the dissolved oxygen content of each treatment group is higher, and the water body becomes alkaline. (2) With the increase of the stocking density of the Chinese hemifusus termatamus, the TN content gradually increases and the TP content gradually decreases (figure 8). (3) For submerged plant potamogeton pectinatus, under the condition of stocking Chinese round-field snails, the plant height, the root length and the root proportion have no significant difference from a control group, the dry weight of the root of the potamogeton pectinatus of a low-density group and a high-density group is significantly higher than that of the control group, and the total dry weight of the potamogeton pectinatus of a medium-density group is significantly higher than that of the control group; for the submerged plant spike-shaped myriophyllum vulgare, under the condition of stocking Chinese round-field snails, the plant height is not significantly different from that of a control group, the low-density root ratio is significantly higher than that of the control group, the root length, the root dry weight and the total dry weight of the low-density group and the medium-density group are all significantly higher than those of the control group without the snails, wherein the total dry weight of the medium-density group is the highest (figure 9). (4) At 200g/m3The effect of promoting the growth of submerged plants, namely the spica foxtail and the potamogeton pectinatus, is optimal by the Chinese river snails, and the effect of promoting the growth of the submerged plants is firstly increased and then reduced along with the increase of the density of the stocked Chinese river snails.
Example 9
The procedure of example 7 was repeated except that the oval radish snail was replaced with the round-edged snail.
The experimental results are as follows: see Table 3 and FIGS. 10-11.
TABLE 3 treatment composition factors during the experiment
The result shows that (1) in the experiment period, the highest water temperature is 30.6 ℃, the lowest water temperature is 22.5 ℃, the water temperatures of all treatment groups have no obvious difference, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than 4.4mg/L in the whole experiment period, and the water body of all the treatment groups is alkaline in the experiment period. (2) After the experiment, the TN content of the water body of the cyclocarya paliurus high-density group is obviously higher than that of other treatment groups, and the TP content of the medium-density group is obviously higher than that of other treatment groups (figure 10). (3) For submerged plant potamogeton pectinatus, the root dry weight of the low-density group potamogeton pectinatus is obviously increased by breeding the periplophora cyclolepis, the length and the root dry weight of the high-density group potamogeton pectinatus are reduced, and the total dry weight of the high-density group potamogeton pectinatus is obviously lower than that of the low-density group. For the submerged plant of the spica foxtail, the total dry weight of the spica foxtail is obviously increased by stocking the periwinia cyclorrhalis, the dry weight of roots of the spica foxtail is obviously increased by the stocking of the low-density group and the high-density group, and compared with a non-snail control group, the stocking of the spica cyclorrhalis has no obvious influence on the height, the root length and the root proportion of the spica foxtail (figure 11). (4) At 100g/m3And the effect of the periwinkle-drawing to promote the growth of the submerged plant of the spica foxtail and the potamogeton pectinatus is optimal, and the effect of promoting the growth of the submerged plant is firstly increased and then reduced along with the increase of the density of the breeding periwinkle-drawing.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A biological regulation and control method for lake submerged plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
stocking crucian in the area needing to be regulated, wherein the stocking density is 70-130 g/m3(ii) a Or breeding snails in the area needing to be regulated and controlled, wherein the breeding density is 50-250 g/m3。
2. The biological regulation and control method of submerged plants in lakes according to claim 1, wherein the snails are Cipangopaludina chinensis, Lupulus ellipticus or Cipangopaludina chinensis, and the stocking density is 150-250 g/m3、50～200g/m3、50～200g/m3。
3. The biological regulation and control method of lake submerged plants according to claim 1, wherein the body length of the crucian carp is 12-18 cm.
4. The method for bioregulatory of submerged plants in lakes according to claim 1, wherein said submerged plants are one or more of Myriophyllum spicatum, potamogeton pectinatus, hydrilla verticillata, and Sophora alopecuroides.
5. The biological control method of lake submerged plants according to claim 1, wherein the biological control effect is better when the temperature of the lake water is 20-32 ℃.
6. The biological regulation and control method of lake submerged plants according to claim 5, wherein when crucian carp is cultivated, the biological regulation and control effect is better when the temperature of lake water is 20-30 ℃; when the snails are bred, the biological regulation effect is better when the temperature of the lake water body is 25-32 ℃.
7. The biological regulation and control method of lake submerged plants as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that when crucian carp is bred, an area with submerged plant coverage in the range of 50-90% is selected.
8. The biological regulation and control method of submerged plants in lakes according to claim 1, wherein the amount of canopy submerged plants in the submerged plants is 80-90% when crucian carp is bred.
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