CN112370565A - 一种含银长效抗菌敷料 - Google Patents
一种含银长效抗菌敷料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112370565A CN112370565A CN202011352583.6A CN202011352583A CN112370565A CN 112370565 A CN112370565 A CN 112370565A CN 202011352583 A CN202011352583 A CN 202011352583A CN 112370565 A CN112370565 A CN 112370565A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- dressing
- containing long
- acting antibacterial
- antibacterial dressing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- -1 polysaccharide carbohydrate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000005313 bioactive glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000538 Poly[(phenyl isocyanate)-co-formaldehyde] Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003600 silver sulfadiazine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UEJSSZHHYBHCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) sulfadiazinate Chemical compound [Ag+].C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-]C1=NC=CC=N1 UEJSSZHHYBHCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCC QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- RUYRJRAIPYPPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H silver;sodium;zirconium(4+);diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Zr+4].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RUYRJRAIPYPPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylbenzene;isocyanic acid Chemical class N=C=O.N=C=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006264 polyurethane film Polymers 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物医用敷料领域，尤其涉及一种含银长效抗菌敷料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：聚氨酯预聚体60%～80%，海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物5%～15%，银离子0.1%～3%，生物活性玻璃10%～20%，发泡剂1%～20%，生物磁颗粒0.1%～0.5%，远红外颗粒0.1%～0.5%。该敷料的吸液量高达自身重量的50倍之多，使得该敷料具有高吸湿性，为伤口提供良好的湿性愈合环境；该敷料中的多糖碳水化合物遇水后形成一层凝胶包裹在银离子表面，而生物活性玻璃影响凝胶的孔径、孔隙率及亲水性，进而影响银离子、生物活性玻璃及凝胶的水合与降解，从而延缓了凝胶内部银离子的弥散和释放速度，起到缓释的作用，能够持续释放银离子，有效地增加了该敷料的抗菌时间，减少换药频率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医用敷料领域，尤其涉及一种含银长效抗菌敷料。
背景技术
随着对创面愈合过程病理的深入研究，人们对创面的理解越来越深刻，从而使得医用创面敷料也随之不断改进与发展。传统的创伤敷料如纱布、绷带等，吸湿性能差，吸除伤口渗液的效果不理想。为了改进敷料的吸湿性能，多孔海绵敷料、水胶体敷料、泡沫敷料、藻酸盐敷料等敷料应运而生，这些敷料虽然显著改善了传统敷料的吸湿性，但是因抗菌性能不足，导致创面被细菌感染的风险较大。因此。理想的伤口敷料应该不但能够有效吸收组织渗出液，创造有利于创面愈合的微环境，且能避免伤口感染，并能促进伤口的愈合。
金属离子银具有广谱抗菌性、耐热性好及抗药性小等性能而应用于生物材料中。但是缉拿离子的杀菌机理还处于推论阶段，可能存在的杀菌机理为：带正电的金属离子能依靠库伦引力牢固吸附带有负电荷的细菌细胞膜，并进一步穿透细胞壁，导致细胞壁的破裂，阻碍细菌的繁殖，最终导致细菌的死亡；金属离子能作为催化活性中心激发水或空气中的氧产生羟基自由基及活性氧离子，破坏细菌的繁殖能力，致使细菌死亡。
含银抗菌敷料具有独特的三维原位吸收性能，同时在吸收渗液时释放银离子来杀菌，银离子的逐步释放，避免银离子过度沉积的缺点，银离子的杀菌机制主要是基于重金属离子对细菌蛋白质的变性作用，因而具有广谱杀菌及很少产生耐药菌的特点。目前市场上大多数含银敷料抗菌时间短，换药频率大，对渗液吸附能力差，而且促进创面愈合能力差，频繁换药给患者带来了较大的痛苦，还易造成二次污染和创伤。因此，需要提供一种吸湿性能良好、抗菌时间长且能够促进伤口的愈合的长效抗菌敷料。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种含银长效抗菌敷料，解决了上述背景技术中提到的对渗液吸附能力差、抗菌时间短、换药频率大、创面愈合能力差的问题。
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种含银长效抗菌敷料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：
聚氨酯预聚体60％～80％，海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物5％～15％，银离子0.1％～3％，生物活性玻璃10％～20％，发泡剂1％～20％，生物磁颗粒0.1％～0.5％，远红外颗粒0.1％～0.5％。
上述含银长效抗菌敷料通过以下步骤制得：
(1)35℃的混料罐A中，将聚氨酯预聚体和海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物在10～100r/min的转速下搅拌30～90min后，加入生物活性玻璃粉末继续搅拌30～90min，再加入银离子粉末继续搅拌30～90min至搅拌均匀；
(2)12℃的混料罐B中，将发泡剂在10～100r/min的转速下搅拌30～90min；将混料罐B中的物料与混料罐A中的物料混合均匀后涂布于离型纸上，将涂布均匀后的离型纸在80～90℃的烘道内停留发泡，待泡沫厚度为3～7mm时，移出烘道，除去泡沫芯体外的离型纸；将泡沫芯体一面涂覆生物磁颗粒，另一面涂覆远红外颗粒，再将涂覆远红外颗粒的一面与离型纸复合，涂覆生物磁颗粒的一面与阻菌透气膜复合；最后，裁切，即得含银长效抗菌敷料；其中，物料A与物料B的质量比为(5～8)：1。
优选地，聚氨酯预聚体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
优选地，生物活性玻璃为二氧化硅、氧化钠、氧化钙、五氧化二磷中的一种或几种。
优选地，银离子为磺胺嘧啶银、硝酸银、硫酸银、氯化银、磷酸锆钠银中的一种或几种。
优选地，发泡剂为一氟三氯甲烷、氢氯氟烃、氢氟烃中的一种或几种。
优选地，生物磁颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：纳米磁粉15％～35％，硅胶60％～75％，增溶剂1％～6％，脱模剂1％～6％；增溶剂为多元醇脂肪酸酯，脱模剂为硅油或乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯。
优选地，远红外颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：甘油50％～85％，硅胶5％～30％，锗石粉末5％～25％。
优选地，透气阻菌膜为聚氨酯膜。
本发明提供了一种含银长效抗菌敷料，具备以下有益效果：
(1)该敷料由聚氨酯预聚体、海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物、银离子、生物活性玻璃、发泡剂、生物磁颗粒和远红外颗粒制备而成；该敷料的吸液量高达自身重量的50倍之多，使得该敷料具有高吸湿性，为伤口提供良好的湿性愈合环境。
(2)该敷料中的天然多糖碳水化合物遇水后与银离子结合并形成一层凝胶包裹在银离子表面，而生物活性玻璃影响凝胶的孔径、孔隙率及亲水性，进而影响银离子、生物活性玻璃及凝胶复合体的水合与降解，从而延缓了凝胶内部银离子的弥散和释放速度，起到缓释的作用，能够持续释放银离子，有效地增加了该敷料的抗菌时间，减少换药频率。
(3)该敷料中的生物活性玻璃与银离子协同抗菌、促愈，当人体伤口与生物活性玻璃接触时，局部的pH值增至10，在生物活性玻璃表面形成富硅层，再在其表面形成钙磷层(钙磷来源于体液中的Ca、P及生物活性玻璃本身)。Ca-P层属于一种活性炭化羟基磷灰石层，并与银离子结合后形成多孔网状结合面；来源于宿主的软组织细胞和胶原纤维蛋白在网状结合面表面定植并融入富硅层，愈合面扩大的同时生物活性玻璃也在不断降解，最终形成新的愈合面；生物活性玻璃的表面活性和其降解产物能促进生长因子的生成，促进细胞的繁衍，而银离子能够协助抑菌，通过对人体组织生成和生长的促进，达到加速伤口愈合的目的。
(4)该敷料最外层为具有良好阻菌性和透气性的阻菌透气膜，该膜允许氧交换，而微生物不能通透通过；泡沫里面掺杂有藻酸盐，藻酸盐吸渗液性能优异，吸收渗液后形成凝胶，不会粘连伤口，更换敷料时无损伤。
(5)该敷料中含有生物磁颗粒，利用磁生电，在病灶区形成微电流，可以促进血液及淋巴循环、刺激细胞活跃度，加强营养物质的吸收。在磁场作用下，血流速度比平常增快12％，快速的血流冲击可以锻炼血管壁，维持血管弹性；血流加快，使得血脂等有害物不易在血管壁上沉积，还可以给组织器官带去更多的氧和养分，维持组织的正常功能；同时，提高红细胞的携氧功能，降低血液粘度，使病灶快速恢复健康状态。
(6)该敷料还具有远红外功能，当人体温度超过28℃时会促使远红外颗粒产生的低频远红外线能深入皮肤和皮下组织，会引起原子和分子的震动，再通过共鸣吸收，形成热反映，促使皮下深层温度上升，微细血管扩张促使血液循环，将淤血等妨碍新陈代谢的障碍全部清除干净，重新使组织复活，对细胞恢复有很大的助益。远红外线渗透力可达肌肉关节深处，使身体内部温暖，放松肌肉，带动微血管的氧气及养分交换，改善病灶区的供血供氧状态，并排除积存体内的疲劳物质和乳酸等老化废物，对消除内肿、缓和酸痛效果卓越。远红外的热作用通过神经体液的回答反应，消除了炎症的病理过程，使原来遭到破坏的生理平衡状态加速恢复正常，提高了局部和全身的抗病能力，同时能激活了免疫细胞功能，加强了白细胞和网状脾细胞的吞噬功能，达到消炎抑菌的目的。
具体实施方式
下面将结对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
实施例1
一种含银长效抗菌敷料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯70％，海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物10％，银离子2％，生物活性玻璃13％，发泡剂4.5％，生物磁颗粒0.3％，远红外颗粒0.2％；生物活性玻璃由SiO2、CaO和P2O5组成；银离子为硝酸银；发泡剂为HCFC(氢氯氟烃)；生物磁颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：纳米磁粉25％，硅胶71％，多元醇脂肪酸酯2％，硅油2％组成；远红外颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：甘油75％，硅胶15％，锗石粉末10％。
该含银长效抗菌敷料通过以下步骤制得：
(1)35℃的混料罐A中，将多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯和天然多糖碳水化合物在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min后，加入生物活性玻璃粉末在20r/min的转速下继续搅拌60min，再加入银离子粉末在20r/min的转速下继续搅拌60min至搅拌均匀；
(2)12℃的混料罐B中，将发泡剂在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min；将混料罐B中的物料与混料罐A中的物料混合均匀后涂布于离型纸上，将涂布均匀后的离型纸在85℃的烘道内停留发泡，待泡沫厚度为5mm时，移出烘道，除去泡沫芯体外的离型纸；将泡沫芯体一面涂覆生物磁颗粒，另一面涂覆远红外颗粒，再将涂覆远红外颗粒的一面与离型纸复合，涂覆生物磁颗粒的一面与阻菌透气膜复合；最后，裁切，即得含银长效抗菌敷料；其中，物料A与物料B的质量比为6：1。
实施例2
一种含银长效抗菌敷料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：甲苯二异氰酸酯65％，海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物13％，银离子0.6％，生物活性玻璃SiO215％，发泡剂6％，生物磁颗粒0.2％，远红外颗粒0.2％；银离子为磺胺嘧啶银；发泡剂为CFC-11(三氯一氟甲烷)；生物磁颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：纳米磁粉25％，硅胶70％，多元醇脂肪酸酯2.5％，硅油2.5％；远红外颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：甘油78％，硅胶15％，锗石粉末7％。
该含银长效抗菌敷料参照实施例1的制备方法制得。
实施例3
一种含银长效抗菌敷料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：聚氨酯预聚体75％，海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物6％，银离子1.5％，生物活性玻璃11％，发泡剂6％，生物磁颗粒0.4％，远红外颗粒0.1％；聚氨酯预聚体为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯；生物活性玻璃由SiO2和P2O5组成；银离子为氯化银；发泡剂为HFC(氢氟烃；生物磁颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：纳米磁粉23.5％，硅胶72％，多元醇脂肪酸酯2.2％，硅油2.3％；远红外颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：甘油75％，硅胶13％，锗石粉末12％。
该含银长效抗菌敷料参照实施例1的制备方法制得。
对比例1
一种含银长效抗菌敷料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：聚氨酯预聚体80％，海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物10％，银离子2％，发泡剂7.5％，生物磁颗粒0.3％，远红外颗粒0.2％；聚氨酯预聚体为多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯；银离子为硝酸银。
该含银长效抗菌敷料通过以下步骤制得：
(1)35℃的混料罐A中，将聚氨酯预聚体和天然多糖碳水化合物在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min后，加入银离子粉末在20r/min的转速下继续搅拌60min至搅拌均匀；
(2)12℃的混料罐B中，将发泡剂在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min；将混料罐B中的物料与混料罐A中的物料混合均匀后涂布于离型纸上，将涂布均匀后的离型纸在85℃的烘道内停留发泡，待泡沫厚度为5mm时，移出烘道，除去泡沫芯体外的离型纸；将泡沫芯体一面涂覆生物磁颗粒，另一面涂覆远红外颗粒，再将涂覆远红外颗粒的一面与离型纸复合，涂覆生物磁颗粒的一面与阻菌透气膜复合；最后，裁切，即得含银长效抗菌敷料；其中，物料A与物料B的质量比为6：1；发泡剂为HCFC(氢氯氟烃)；生物磁颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：纳米磁粉25％，硅胶71％，多元醇脂肪酸酯2％，硅油2％；远红外颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：甘油75％，硅胶15％，锗石粉末10％。
对比例2
一种含银长效抗菌敷料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：聚氨酯预聚体70％，海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物10％，银离子2％，生物活性玻璃13％，发泡剂4.8％，远红外颗粒0.2％；聚氨酯预聚体为多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯；生物活性玻璃由SiO2和CaO组成。
该含银长效抗菌敷料通过以下步骤制得：
(1)35℃的混料罐A中，将聚氨酯预聚体和天然多糖碳水化合物在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min后，加入生物活性玻璃粉末在20r/min的转速下继续搅拌60min，再加入银离子粉末在20r/min的转速下继续搅拌60min至搅拌均匀；银离子为硝酸银；
(2)12℃的混料罐B中，将发泡剂在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min；将混料罐B中的物料与混料罐A中的物料混合均匀后涂布于离型纸上，将涂布均匀后的离型纸在85℃的烘道内停留发泡，待泡沫厚度为5mm时，移出烘道，除去泡沫芯体外的离型纸；将泡沫芯体一面涂覆远红外颗粒，再将涂覆远红外颗粒的一面与离型纸复合，另一面与阻菌透气膜复合；最后，裁切，即得含银长效抗菌敷料；其中，物料A与物料B的质量比为6：1；发泡剂为HCFC(氢氯氟烃)；远红外颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：甘油75％，硅胶15％，锗石粉末10％。
对比例3
一种含银长效抗菌敷料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：聚氨酯预聚体70％，海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物10％，银离子2％，生物活性玻璃13％，发泡剂4.7％，生物磁颗粒0.3％。
该含银长效抗菌敷料通过以下步骤制得：
(1)35℃的混料罐A中，将聚氨酯预聚体和天然多糖碳水化合物在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min后，加入生物活性玻璃粉末在20r/min的转速下继续搅拌60min，再加入银离子粉末在20r/min的转速下继续搅拌60min至搅拌均匀；其中，聚氨酯预聚体为多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯；生物活性玻璃由SiO2、CaO和P2O5组成；银离子为硝酸银；
(2)12℃的混料罐B中，将发泡剂在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min；将混料罐B中的物料与混料罐A中的物料混合均匀后涂布于离型纸上，将涂布均匀后的离型纸在85℃的烘道内停留发泡，待泡沫厚度为5mm时，移出烘道，除去泡沫芯体外的离型纸；将泡沫芯体一面涂覆生物磁颗粒，涂覆生物磁颗粒的一面与阻菌透气膜复合，另一面与离型纸复合；最后，裁切，即得含银长效抗菌敷料；其中，物料A与物料B的质量比为6：1；发泡剂为HCFC(氢氯氟烃)；生物磁颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：纳米磁粉25％，硅胶71％，多元醇脂肪酸酯2％，硅油2％。
对比例4
一种敷料，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：聚氨酯预聚体80％，发泡剂20％。
该含银长效抗菌敷料通过以下步骤制得：
35℃的混料罐A中，将聚氨酯预聚体在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min至搅拌均匀；其中，聚氨酯预聚体为多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯；12℃的混料罐B中，将发泡剂在20r/min的转速下搅拌60min；将混料罐B中的物料与混料罐A中的物料混合均匀后涂布于离型纸上，将涂布均匀后的离型纸在85℃的烘道内停留发泡，待泡沫厚度为5mm时，移出烘道，除去泡沫芯体外的离型纸；将泡沫芯体一面与离型纸复合，另一面与阻菌透气膜复合；最后，裁切，即得敷料；其中，物料A与物料B的质量比为6：1；发泡剂为HCFC(氢氯氟烃)。
测试与分析
对上述实施例1和对比例制得的敷料分别试验，测试其性能。
(1)吸湿性
配制试验液A，在容量瓶中用去离子水溶解8.298g氯化钠和0.368g二水氯化钙并稀释至1L。上述实施例制得的敷料样品各取1g，分别置于培养皿内，每个培养皿内加入预热至(37±1)℃的试验液A 40g，移入干燥箱内，在(37±1)℃下保温30min，用镊子夹持样品一角悬垂30s，称量。以每克样品吸收溶液的平均质量表示吸收量来评价敷料样品的吸湿性，实验结果入表1所示。
(2)透气性测试
将上述实施例制得的敷料样品分别裁切成10cm2的圆形，取五个清洁干燥的圆筒，由耐腐蚀材料制造，截面积为10cm2，两端各有一凸缘，用夹板的凸缘作为模板，室温下加入足量的水，使液面与放置后样品之间的间隙为(5±1)mm，将圆形样品精确地盖在实验容器的凸缘上，夹紧样品，不要使其形变，并使夹板与盖板之间形成水密封。
称重并记录容器、样品、液体的质量(W1)，将容器倒放于温度为(37±1)℃的干燥箱中，以去离子水接触样品；18h至24h后，从干燥箱取出容器，并记录试验时间(T)，立即对容器、样品和液体重新称量，记录质量(W2)。
水蒸气透过率(X)＝(W1-W2)*1000*24/T。实验结果如表1中所示。
(3)抑菌性测试
将上述实施例制得的敷料样品分别裁切成10mm×10mm样片，将样片放入250mL的三角烧瓶中，分别加入70mL PBS和5ml菌悬液，使菌悬液在PBS中的浓度为1×104mLcfu/mL～5×104mLcfu/mL。将三角烧瓶固定于振荡摇床上，在20℃～25℃、300r/min的条件下振摇2min。吸取1.0mLmL用PBS作适当稀释至10-2，作为试验组震荡前样液。将样片放入上述含有70mLmL PBS和5mL菌悬液的三角烧瓶中，然后将三角烧瓶固定于振荡摇床上，在20℃～25℃、300r/min的条件下振摇1h。吸取1.0mLmL样液，或用PBS作适当稀释后作为试验组振荡后样液。分别吸取振荡前和振荡后样液各1.0mL，以琼脂倾注法接种平皿，每个样液接种两个平皿，进行活菌培养计数。试验同时设阴性对照样片和不加样片组。对照样片组以不含抗菌剂的材质、大小相同的样片代替实验样片外，其它操作程序均与试验组相同。不加样片组分别取5mL菌悬液和70mL PBS加入250mL三角烧瓶中，混匀，分别于振荡前和振荡后1h，各取1.0mL菌悬液与PBS的混合液做适当稀释，之后进行活菌培养计数。试验重复3次，按下列公式计算抑菌率，试验结果如表1所示。
(4)细胞毒性测试
细胞株：L929小鼠成纤维细胞，浸提介质：含10％胎牛血清的DMEM培养液，对照样品，阳性对照：10％的DMSO溶液，阴性对照：聚氨酯泡沫敷料。
细胞悬液制备：取对数生长的细胞消化并加入细胞培养液，调节细胞密度为1*105个细胞/mL；将配置好的细胞悬液接种96孔培养办，设阴性对照、阳性对照和供试品，每组6个孔，每孔接种100μL细胞悬液；置5％CO2培养箱中37℃培养24h后，弃去原培养液。空白对照组加入新鲜细胞培养液，阴性对照组加入聚氨酯泡沫敷料样品浸提，供试品组取实施例制得的敷料样品，每个1cm*3cm大小，加入样品浸提液，每孔100μL置5％CO2培养箱中37℃培养24h。更换培养液后的24h，置显微镜下观察细胞形态。每孔加入50μL质量浓度为1.0mg/mL的MTT溶液，继续培养24h后丢弃去孔内液体，加入100μL异丙醇，置振荡器上震荡10min，在酶标仪570nm/650nm波长下测定吸光度。
按下公式计算相对增值率(RCG)：RCG＝A/A0*100％，式中：RCG-相对增值率，％；A-供试品组吸光度；A0-阴性对照组吸光度。试验结果如表1所示。
表1敷料样品的吸湿性、透气性、抑菌性、细胞毒性和透气性测试结果
由表1可知，实施例1、对比例制得的敷料样品在吸湿性和透气性方面差别不大，但是，在抑菌性和细胞毒性方面差异明显；本发明实施例1制得的敷料的抑菌性和细胞毒性显著优异于对比例1、对比例2、对比例3和对比例4；结果表明，生物活性玻璃(对比例1不含有生物活性玻璃)、生物磁颗粒(对比例2不含有生物磁颗粒)和远红外颗粒(对比例3不含有远红外颗粒)的加入显著提高了含银长效抗菌敷料的抑菌性能，对比例2的细胞毒性大于100％，可以说明其对细胞无毒性，而且有利于细胞的增殖。
该敷料中的生物活性玻璃与银离子协同抗菌、促愈，达到加速伤口愈合的目的；生物磁颗粒能够促进血液及淋巴循环、加强营养物质的吸收，使病灶快速恢复健康状态；该敷料还具有远红外功能，低频远红外线能够促使皮下深层温度上升，微细血管扩张促使血液循环，对细胞恢复有很大的助益；该敷料能够延缓了凝胶内部银离子的弥散和释放速度，有效地增加了该敷料的抗菌时间，减少换药频率。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种含银长效抗菌敷料，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：
聚氨酯预聚体60%～80%，海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物5%～15%，银离子0.1%～3%，生物活性玻璃10%～20%，发泡剂1%～20%，生物磁颗粒0.1%～0.5%，远红外颗粒0.1%～0.5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含银长效抗菌敷料，其特征在于，所述含银长效抗菌敷料通过以下步骤制得：
35℃的混料罐A中，将聚氨酯预聚体和海藻提取的天然多糖碳水化合物在10～100r/min的转速下搅拌30～90min后，加入生物活性玻璃粉末继续搅拌30～90min，再加入银离子粉末继续搅拌30～90min至搅拌均匀；
12℃的混料罐B中，将发泡剂在10～100r/min的转速下搅拌30～90min；将混料罐B中的物料与混料罐A中的物料混合均匀后涂布于离型纸上，将涂布均匀后的离型纸在80～90℃的烘道内停留发泡，待泡沫厚度为3～7mm时，移出烘道，除去泡沫芯体外的离型纸；将泡沫芯体一面涂覆生物磁颗粒，另一面涂覆远红外颗粒，再将涂覆远红外颗粒的一面与离型纸复合，涂覆生物磁颗粒的一面与阻菌透气膜复合；最后，裁切，即得含银长效抗菌敷料；其中，物料A与物料B的质量比为（5～8）：1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含银长效抗菌敷料，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯预聚体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的含银长效抗菌敷料，其特征在于，所述生物活性玻璃为二氧化硅、氧化钠、氧化钙、五氧化二磷中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的含银长效抗菌敷料，其特征在于，所述银离子为磺胺嘧啶银、硝酸银、硫酸银、氯化银、磷酸锆钠银中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的含银长效抗菌敷料，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为一氟三氯甲烷、氢氯氟烃、氢氟烃中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的含银长效抗菌敷料，其特征在于，所述生物磁颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：纳米磁粉15%～35%，硅胶60%～75%，增溶剂1%～6%，脱模剂1%～6%；所述增溶剂为多元醇脂肪酸酯，所述脱模剂为硅油或乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯。
8.根据权利要求2所述的含银长效抗菌敷料，其特征在于，所述远红外颗粒由以下重量百分比的组分组成：甘油50%～85%，硅胶5%～30%，锗石粉末5%～25%。
9.根据权利要求2所述的含银长效抗菌敷料，其特征在于，所述透气阻菌膜为聚氨酯膜。
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