CN112358443B - 一种吡啶化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种吡啶化合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112358443B
CN112358443B CN202011238213.XA CN202011238213A CN112358443B CN 112358443 B CN112358443 B CN 112358443B CN 202011238213 A CN202011238213 A CN 202011238213A CN 112358443 B CN112358443 B CN 112358443B
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孟祥珍
程东
王丹
赵璇
姬志玉
汪雨生
罗韩飞
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Chaohu University
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79Acids; Esters

Abstract

本发明提供了一种吡啶化合物的制备方法,具体为:将α,β‑不饱和乙酸酮肟、丙酮酸乙酯、碘化亚铜和保险粉加入到有机溶剂中,混合均匀,加热反应,得到吡啶化合物。反应条件温和、方法简洁、快速、底物适用性广,所制备的结构更加复杂多样,有广阔的应用前景的吡啶化合物。

Description

一种吡啶化合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化合物领域,具体涉及一种吡啶化合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
吡啶及其衍生物是一类结构最为丰富的氮杂芳香族化合物,广泛存在于天然产物、功能材料、农药和药物中。目前在我国登记的含吡啶环农药有效成份包括百草枯、毒死蜱、吡虫啉、烟嘧磺隆等,这些农药是市场成熟、产能和产量较大的主流农药品种。吡啶类的药物常见的有异烟肼、尼可刹米、硝苯地平等。
吡啶及其衍生物的重要性,如何去拓展吡啶及其衍生物的合成路线引起了无数有机化学家积极思考,并且得出了一些很有效的方法。
2017年,Yi报道了铁催化酮肟乙酸酯和醛的环合反应,用于取代吡啶衍生物。在FeCl3催化剂存在下,反应表现出良好的官能团耐受性,在不添加任何添加剂的情况下,可以高产率地生成2,4,6-三芳基取代对称吡啶。
Figure BDA0002767506320000011
2019年,duan报道了CuI催化α-β-不饱和酮肟乙酸酯与1-3二羰基化合物反应,合成系列吡啶衍生物。
Figure BDA0002767506320000021
2016年,Majee利用磺酰亚胺制备4,6-二芳基吡啶酸酯,并用合成的产物合成了呵吡坦衍生物。
Figure BDA0002767506320000022
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种吡啶化合物及其制备方法,反应条件温和、方法简洁、快速、底物适用性广,所制备的结构更加复杂多样。
本发明具体技术方案如下:
一种吡啶化合物的制备方法,具体为:将α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟、丙酮酸乙酯、碘化亚铜和保险粉加入到有机溶剂中,混合均匀,加热反应,即得。
进一步的,加热反应结束后,将反应液过滤,然后将所得滤液旋干,残余物利用石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂作为洗脱液,进行柱层析分离,得到吡啶化合物。
所述的α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟结构式为:
Figure BDA0002767506320000023
其中,R1为氢、卤素、硝基、甲基或甲氧基;
R2为氢、氢、卤素、硝基、甲基或甲氧基;
优选的,所述α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟结构式为
Figure BDA0002767506320000031
Figure BDA0002767506320000032
所述α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟、丙酮酸乙酯、碘化亚铜、保险粉摩尔比为0.2-0.6:0.1-0.3:0.02-0.03:0.3-0.6。
所述α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟在有机溶剂的浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L。
所述有机溶剂为甲苯、乙腈、四氢呋喃或1,2-二氯乙烷。
进一步地,所述反应温度为100-140℃。
进一步地,所述反应时间为8-12h。
所述保险粉为连二亚硫酸钠,Na2S2O4
本发明提供的一种吡啶化合物,采用上述方法制备得到。
所述吡啶化合物结构式为:
Figure BDA0002767506320000033
其中R1为氢、卤素、硝基、甲基或甲氧基;
R2为乙基;
R3为氢、卤素、硝基、甲基或甲氧基。
优选地,所述R1为氢、甲基或氯;
R2为乙基;
R3为氢。
优选地,所述吡啶化合物结构式为:
Figure BDA0002767506320000041
本发明具有如下的有益效果:本发明反应条件温和,方法简洁、快速、底物适用性广,有利于工业生产,且制备的吡啶化合物的结构更加复杂多样,所述产物能进一步的转化为呵吡坦衍生物。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的吡啶化合物的氢谱图;
图2为实施例1制备的吡啶化合物的碳谱图;
图3为实施例2制备的吡啶化合物的氢谱图;
图4为实施例2制备的吡啶化合物的碳谱图;
图5为实施例3制备的吡啶化合物的氢谱图;
图6为实施例3制备的吡啶化合物的碳谱图;
图7为以实施例1化合物为例说明本发明反应机理。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下述实施例中所用的试验材料和试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,均可以按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。
实施例1
一种吡啶化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
向反应瓶中依次加入0.4mmol的α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002767506320000051
0.2mmol的丙酮酸乙酯、0.04mmol碘化亚铜、0.4mmol保险粉于2mL甲苯中混合均匀;将反应体系加热到120℃,反应8h,反应完全后,将反应液过滤,然后将所得滤液旋干,残余物利用石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂作为洗脱液(石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为10:1),进行柱层析分离,得到吡啶化合物。反应式如下:
Figure BDA0002767506320000052
对实施例1制备的化合物进行核磁表征,氢谱如图1所示,C谱如和图2所示,其核磁数据如下:
1H-NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d):δ8.30(s,1H),8.16-8.10(m,3H),7.76-7.75(m,2H),7.56-7.47(m,6H),4.57-4.53(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.53-1.50(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)ppm;
13C-NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d):δ165.6,158.3,150.4,149.0,138.7,137.7,129.5,129.3,128.9,127.4,127.2,121.5,121.5,62.0,14.4。
实施例1制备机理如图7所示,在一价铜盐催化下通过断开氮氧键产生含有一个含有二价铜的中间体化合物A,接着通过加成生成化合物B,再通过消除生成双键得到中间体C,最后在6π电环化,在二价铜盐的迅速氧化下关环得到目标化合物。
实施例2
一种吡啶化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
向反应瓶中依次加入0.4mmol的α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002767506320000061
0.2mmol的丙酮酸乙酯、0.04mmol碘化亚铜、0.4mmol保险粉于2mL甲苯中混合均匀;将反应体系加热到120℃,反应10h,反应完全后,将反应液过滤,然后将所得滤液旋干,残余物利用石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂作为洗脱液(石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为9:1),进行柱层析分离,得到吡啶化合物。
反应式如下:
Figure BDA0002767506320000062
对实施例2制备的化合物进行核磁表征,结果如3和图4所示,其核磁数据如下:
1H-NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d):δ8.29(s,1H),8.09-8.05(m,3H),7.75-7.74(m,2H),7.56-7.47(m,5H),4.56-4.51(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.53-1.49(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)ppm;
13C-NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d):δ165.5,157.9,150.6,149.0,137.5,137.1,135.7,129.6,129.3,129.0,128.6,127.2,121.8,121.2,62.0,14.4。
实施例3
一种吡啶化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
向反应瓶中依次加入0.4mmol的α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002767506320000071
0.2mmol的丙酮酸乙酯、0.04mmol碘化亚铜、0.4mmol保险粉于2mL甲苯中混合均匀;将反应体系加热到120℃,反应10h,反应完全后,将反应液过滤,然后将所得滤液旋干,残余物利用石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂作为洗脱液(石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为10:1),进行柱层析分离,得到吡啶化合物。反应式如下:
Figure BDA0002767506320000072
对实施例3制备的化合物进行核磁表征,结果如5和图6所示,其核磁数据如下:
1H-NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d):δ8.30(s,1H),8.15-8.09(m,3H),7.68-7.34(m,7H),4.56-4.53(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.45(s,3H),1.53-1.50(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)ppm;
13C-NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d):δ165.7,158.3,150.3,148.9,139.7,138.8,134.8,130.0,129.4,128.8,127.4,127.0,121.0,121.0,61.9,21.3,14.4。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种吡啶化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法具体为:将α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟、丙酮酸乙酯、碘化亚铜和保险粉加入到有机溶剂中,混合均匀,加热反应,得到吡啶化合物;
所述的α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟结构式为:
Figure FDA0003356368500000011
其中,R1为氢、卤素、硝基、甲基或甲氧基;R2为氢、卤素、硝基、甲基或甲氧基;
所述吡啶化合物结构式为:
Figure FDA0003356368500000012
其中R1为氢、卤素、硝基、甲基或甲氧基;
R2为乙基;
R3为氢、卤素、硝基、甲基或甲氧基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟结构式为
Figure FDA0003356368500000013
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟、丙酮酸乙酯、碘化亚铜、保险粉摩尔比为0.2-0.6:0.1-0.3:0.02-0.03:0.3-0.6。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述α,β-不饱和乙酸酮肟在有机溶剂的浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为甲苯、乙腈、四氢呋喃或1,2-二氯乙烷。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应温度为100-140℃;所述反应时间为8-12h。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述吡啶化合物结构式中,R1为氢、甲基或氯;R2为乙基;R3为氢。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述吡啶化合物结构式为:
Figure FDA0003356368500000021
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