CN112342801A - 一种涤纶超细旦织物用的高温匀染剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种超细旦织物专用的高温匀染剂及制备方法,由A、B组份复配制得,A组分由脂肪酸和丙三醇聚氧丙烯醚聚氧乙烯醚加入到反应器中催化搅拌;B组份以脂肪醇聚氧丙烯醚、尿素和氨基磺酸为原料进行磺化反应得到,复配时将A、B组分、脂肪醇苯甲酸酯、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸钠、异丙醇依次加入反应釜中,室温下搅拌30分钟,再加水搅拌,过滤出料得到高温匀染剂。本发明匀染剂能帮助染料渗透到纤维内部,且在高温高压条件下对染料的乳化分散性好能防止染料聚集,同时缓染性强,增深增艳作用明显。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织助剂技术领域,更具体地说,是涉及一种涤纶超细旦织物用的高温匀染剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
涤纶超细纤维所制备的织物具有手感柔软、透气吸湿、轻盈飘逸、悬垂性好、光泽优雅、蓬松丰满、穿着舒适等特点,是一种附加值高、用途广泛的纤维。随着超细旦纤维生产技术的不断进步,先后用于生产人造麂皮、仿真丝织物、第二代人造革、超高密织物以及高性能清洁布等。
染色不匀(色花、色斑)是细旦涤纶织物染色中的一个关键问题。随着纤维纤度变细,制成的纤维比表面积迅速增大,以致对染料的吸附性能增强,初染率高。同时表面反射光增大,纤维排列紧密,单纤之间的空隙小,染料不易渗透到纤维内部,导致色泽浅,染不深。在染色时,需要成倍增长染料用量以达到相同表观深度,也引起了色牢度变差,同时染料浓度增大,染料更易聚集。再加上纤维的热收缩、截面形状、纤维形态等差异,使染料的吸尽速度亦有一定的差异,若使用不同上染速率的染料,更容易产生染色不匀。若是复合纤维和混纤,不同纤维的上染率不同,使染色不匀问题更为突出。
目前市场上的高温分散匀染剂大多是阴、非离子表面活性剂的复配物,具有一定移染性和高温分散性,但用于超细纤维染色时则常常出现染色不均匀的现象。这就需要适合超细旦涤纶的匀染剂,能帮助染料渗透到纤维内部,且在高温高压条件下对染料的乳化分散性好能防止染料聚集,同时缓染性强,增深增艳作用明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种染色均匀的涤纶超细旦织物用的高温匀染剂及其制备方法,能帮助染料渗透到纤维内部,且在高温高压条件下对染料的乳化分散性好能防止染料聚集,缓染性强,以克服现有技术的不足。
本发明解决其技术问题的技术方案是:
一种超细旦织物专用的高温匀染剂的制备方法,所述的制备方法按照如下步骤进行:
(1)匀染剂A组分的制备:
将脂肪酸和丙三醇聚氧丙烯醚聚氧乙烯醚加入到反应器中,加入催化剂,开动搅拌,在氮气保护下升温至130~140℃,保温反应3~5小时,反应结束,得到匀染剂A组分;
(2)匀染剂B组分的制备:
以脂肪醇聚氧丙烯醚、尿素和氨基磺酸为原料进行磺化反应,得到匀染剂B组分;
(3)复配:
将高温匀染剂A组分、高温匀染剂B组分、脂肪醇苯甲酸酯、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸钠、异丙醇依次加入反应釜中,室温下搅拌30分钟,再加入水,再搅拌20分钟,过滤出料即可。
进一步地,所述的A组分的分子结构通式如式1所示:
式1中,R1表示氢、饱和或不饱和的C8-18脂肪酰基;m和n均为整数,2≤n≤8,5≤m≤12。
进一步地,所述的B组分的分子结构通式如式2所示:
式2中,R2为C8-16烷基,X为整数,2≤X≤6;
所述的脂肪醇苯甲酸酯的分子结构通式如式3所示:
式3中,R3表示氢、甲基、苯甲酰基;n为整数,1≤n≤3。
进一步地,式1中,R1优选为C18脂肪酰基。
进一步地,式2中,R2优选为2-乙基己基和十二烷基。
进一步地,式3中,R3优选为苯甲酰基。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明中所合成的A组分,作为主成分,该成分与纤维有很好的亲和力,泡沫极低,对染料有较好的分散性和移染性,同时能分散和乳化涤纶低聚物;
2、本发明中所合成的B组分,泡沫性低,能明显降低溶液的表面张力,有较强的润湿渗透、乳化力和去污力,能促进染料渗透到纤维内部,同时对涤纶纤维中残留油剂乳化去除作用,减轻色点和对染缸沾污。
3、添加辅助成分:(1)脂肪醇苯甲酸酯,分子小,具有膨胀作用,促进染料在纤维分子间隙的迁移,使染料较为轻松地渗透到纤维内部。(2)脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸钠,进行复配协同增效以提升产品性能。
本发明通过引入特定结构的阴、非离子表面活性剂,与其他组分通过复配协同增效,具有泡沫低,渗透性能好,可以使染料在匀染剂的作用下较为容易地渗透到超细纤维的内部,同时缓染性强,增深增艳作用明显。表现出优异的染料高温分散性、移染性和上染率,能提高染色一次成功率。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
一种涤纶超细旦织物用高温匀染剂及其制备方法,按照以下步骤进行:
(1)匀染剂A组分的制备:
将脂肪酸和丙三醇聚氧丙烯醚聚氧乙烯醚加入到反应器中,加入催化剂,开动搅拌,在氮气保护下升温至130~140℃,保温反应3~5小时,反应结束,得到匀染剂A组分;所述的脂肪酸与丙三醇聚氧丙烯醚聚氧乙烯醚的物质的量的比为1~3:1;所述的强酸催化剂为对甲基苯磺酸、浓硫酸、十二烷基苯磺酸中的任意一种,催化剂的量为脂肪酸和丙三醇聚氧丙烯醚聚氧乙烯醚质量总和的0.2%-1%;
下表为匀染剂A组分各实施的原料配方:
(2)匀染剂B组份(脂肪醇聚氧丙烯醚硫酸铵)的合成:
将脂肪醇聚氧丙烯醚、尿素和氨基磺酸加入到反应器中,开动搅拌,升温至110~120℃,保温反应3~4小时,反应结束,得到脂肪醇聚氧丙烯醚硫酸铵;
下表为脂肪醇聚氧丙烯醚硫酸铵各实施的原料配方:
(3)超细旦匀染剂的复配
将匀染剂A组分、B组分和脂肪醇苯甲酸酯、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸钠等按如下重量份的原料复配后即为超细旦匀染剂:
下表是复配实施例(重量份数):
将匀染剂A组分、匀染剂B组分、脂肪醇苯甲酸酯、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸钠、异丙醇依次加入反应釜中,室温下搅拌30分钟,再加入水,再搅拌20分钟,过滤出料即可。
下面通过应用实验评价本发明制得的用于超细旦涤纶织物的高温匀染剂的性能。
1、移染性实验
将用分散黑ECT染色后的75D/72F黑色超细旦涤纶双面针织布作为移染布,与同质同量的白色织物缝在一起,放入染色钢杯中进行移染实验,匀染剂1g/L(换算为20%的含固量进行实验),乙酸0.3mL/L,浴比1:15,使染浴温度以2℃/min速率升温至80℃,再以1℃/min速率升温至130℃保温30min,降温,然后布样经水洗,烘干,测K/S值,计算移染率。具体测试数据见下表:
2、消色性试验
将分散翠兰0.25%、分散嫩黄0.25%、匀染剂(换算为20%的含固量进行实验)1g/L,浴比1:10,乙酸0.3mL/L,以2℃/min的速率升温至130℃保温30min,降温,取出染样,冲洗干净,烘干,测消色性。以不加匀染剂的空白样为标样测试ΔE值,具体测试数据见下表:
3、高温分散性
将分散红玉S-2GFL 1g/L(另一种颜色用分散深蓝HGL 1.0g/L)、匀染剂(换算为20%的含固量进行实验)1g/L,乙酸0.3mL/L,配制工作液200mL,将配制好的染液置于高温高压染色机中,40℃始,以2℃/min的速率升温至130℃,保温30min,然后以2℃/min的速率降温至90℃,抽滤。将滤纸晾干,对比滤纸上染料残留量和颜色深浅,并评定级别,1级最差,5级最好。
4、缓染性
将分散黄E-3G 0.5%、分散深蓝HGL 0.5%、匀染剂(换算为20%的含固量进行实验)1g/L,浴比1:10,乙酸0.3mL/L,40℃以下入染,以2℃/min的速率升温,分别于80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃和130℃×30min各取一样,冲洗干净,烘干,测K/S值。测试结果见下表:
5.消泡性
匀染剂(换算为20%的含固量进行实验)1g/L,配制待测液100mL,倒入1000mL量筒中,将鼓泡仪的鼓泡头放到量筒底部,开启高速档开关,同时按下秒表计时,30s后停止鼓泡,记录初始和5min后泡沫体积(mL,指高于液面的部分),如果5min内消泡则记录消泡时间。
Claims (8)
5.根据权利要求4所述涤纶超细旦织物用的高温匀染剂,其特征在于,R1为C18脂肪酰基。
6.根据权利要求5所述涤纶超细旦织物用的高温匀染剂,其特征在于,R2为2-乙基己基和十二烷基。
7.根据权利要求6所述涤纶超细旦织物用的高温匀染剂,其特征在于,R3为苯甲酰基。
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CN115182177A (zh) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-10-14 | 无锡德冠生物科技有限公司 | 一种生物基耐高温匀染剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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