CN112335504A - Summer corn lodging-resistant premature senility-preventing cultivation method - Google Patents
Summer corn lodging-resistant premature senility-preventing cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a summer corn lodging-resistant premature senility-resistant cultivation method, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation. The invention specifically controls the chemical control period, and sprays ethephon to upper leaves when the remainder of the leaf age of the corn is 7 or 7 days before the tassel is taken out and the leaf age index is more than 70%. Meanwhile, the invention integrates and combines the complete technologies of lodging-resistant variety screening and application, few-no-tillage board stubble precision seeding and pressing technology, soil testing formula balance fertilization technology, agricultural machinery and agricultural technology fusion and the like, so that the yield of a corn single plant is not influenced after chemical control, the yield increasing effect is achieved, and finally the organic unification of controlling lodging, preventing premature senility and increasing the yield is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a summer corn lodging-resistant and premature senility-resistant cultivation method.
Background
Corn is the third major grain crop in Jiangsu province, the perennial planting area is about 43 million hectares, the corn occupies about 8 percent of the grain planting area, summer corn is taken as the main material, the corn is generally concentrated in dry farming areas with relatively poor irrigation conditions, and more problems still exist in production. For example, natural disasters such as wind, rain, drought, waterlogging, low temperature and little illumination in the summer corn growing season occur frequently, and the corn rust, root rot and corn borer occur all year round, so that lodging and yield reduction are often induced, and high and stable yield of corn is seriously threatened; before sowing, the summer corn is prepared by mainly smashing stalks, rotary tillage and returning to fields, the proportion is more than 70%, so that the soil is not solid and poor in soil moisture preservation, and early lodging and later premature senility of the corn are easily caused when waterlogging disasters occur; fertilizer ratio imbalances increase the risk of lodging and environmental stress. In addition, for the lodging problem of summer corn, in the traditional corn lodging control method, a chemical control agent is usually selected to be used in the period of 6-7 leaves of the corn completely unfolded (namely 8-10 leaves are visible) to control the internode elongation of the corn, so that the plant height is reduced and the lodging resistance purpose is achieved. However, there is a significant technical risk of inhibiting internode elongation and reducing plant height in this period: firstly, the plant is dwarfed excessively to reduce the biomass; secondly, the development of the corn ears is seriously influenced, and the yield reduction risk caused by the grain number of the corn ears is reduced; thirdly, the occurrence of corn lodging is determined by weather conditions, the probability of occurrence of the corn lodging is generally below 30%, and the lodging can only be prevented, so that the corn planting benefit can be reduced by 70% of the conventional corn control lodging prevention measures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a summer corn lodging-resistant premature senility-resistant cultivation method, which is characterized in that the optimal control time is mastered and other cultivation technologies are integrated and matched, so that the remarkable effect is achieved on lodging-resistant premature senility-resistant yield increase of Jiangsu summer corn, and the organic unification of lodging-resistant disaster reduction and premature senility-resistant yield increase is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a cultivation method for resisting lodging and premature senility of summer corn, which comprises the following steps:
the lodging-resistant and premature senility-preventing cultivation method comprises the following steps: and (3) spraying ethephon to upper leaves when the residue of the leaf age of the corn is 7 or 7 days before the tassel and the leaf age index is more than 70% in the chemical control period.
In the invention, the corn leaf spraying is carried out after the water is added for spraying the corn leaves, wherein the dosage of the sprayed ethephon content is 30-50 percent of 18 ml/mu.
In the invention, the ethephon spraying method comprises the following steps: spraying by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the pesticide liquid amount applied per mu is 1200-1500 ml.
Preferably, the specific steps of spraying by the unmanned aerial vehicle include: the flying height of the corn tassel tip is 1.5-2 m, the flying speed is 5m/s, the spraying width is 4-5 m, and the flow rate of a spray head is 2.16L/min.
In the invention, the lodging-resistant and premature senility-preventing cultivation method also comprises the step of screening a lodging-resistant variety, wherein the lodging-resistant variety comprises one of Zhengdan 958, Suyu 29, Suyu 30, Suyunuo No. 5 and Suyunuo No. 11.
In the invention, the lodging-resistant and premature senility-preventing cultivation method further comprises the following steps: and coating the corn seeds.
Preferably, the coating treatment comprises the following specific steps: and (2) mixing the seed dressing agent with water in a mass ratio of 1: (8-10) diluting, and then, mixing the diluted solution with the corn seeds in a mass ratio of 1: (9-12) fully mixing the components and performing corn seed coating treatment.
The lodging-resistant and premature senility-preventing cultivation method further comprises formulated fertilization, wherein the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is respectively N15-20 kg/667m2、P2O53～6kg/667m2、K2O3～6kg/667m2。
In the formula fertilization, 10-15 kg of additional fertilizer urea is applied to each mu of corn in the large-horn mouth period.
In the invention, a potassium fertilizer is sprayed in the jointing stage of corn in the formula fertilization, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate: uniformly spraying the leaf surfaces with water in a weight ratio of 1-1.5: 100.
In the invention, 0.1-0.3% of zinc sulfate is sprayed in the formulated fertilization in the jointing stage.
In the invention, in the formulated fertilization, 0.1-0.3% of boron fertilizer aqueous solution is sprayed in the jointing stage.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention makes clear that the optimal using time of the greening chemical control lodging-resistant premature senility-preventing yield-increasing chemical control of the middle and later periods of summer corn is to spray ethephon to upper leaves when the remainder of the leaf age of the corn is 7 days or 7 days before the tassel and the leaf age index is more than 70%. Tests show that the grain weight (yield) of single ear is highest when each corn variety is treated in the leaf age residue of 7 leaves, and the grain weight (yield) of Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29 are respectively increased by 10.09%, 13.6% and 12.56% compared with the control.
(2) The chemical control treatment can obviously improve the content of lignin and hemicellulose in the corn stalks by 12.5 percent and 7.2 percent respectively compared with a control when the leaf age is 7; the later-period root activity is improved by 20.8 percent compared with the control; the puncture strength is obviously increased by 24.9 percent compared with the control; the length of the nodes (including tassels) above the ear position is reduced by 5.82 percent of the plant height. Therefore, the stalk puncture strength is improved by chemical control treatment when the leaf age is 7, the later root activity is enhanced, and the guarantee is provided for later-stage lodging resistance, premature senility resistance and yield increase of the corn.
(3) The chemical control treatment when the leaf age is 7 enhances the photosynthetic capacity of the maize-stick-position leaves, activates the activity of an antioxidant enzyme system in a living body, improves the supply of plant photosynthetic products and enhances the stress resistance. Compared with a control, the treatment obviously increases the chlorophyll content of the rod-position leaf by 18.83%, the photosynthetic efficiency by 18.31%, the SOD activity by 12.30%, the POD activity by 18.52%, the CAT activity by 25.93% and the MDA content by 17.25%.
(4) The application of chemical control on different corn planting densities when the leaf age is 7 has obvious influence on the yield character of Zhengdan 958. Compared with the control, the planting density is 52500 strains/hm2The grain length of the spike is increased by 3.77 percent, the grain number of the row is increased by 5.46 percent, the grain number of the spike is increased by 5.51 percent, and the thousand grain weight and the yield are respectively increased by 3.88 percent and 6.98 percent by applying on the density; and the bald length is reduced by 37.31%. The planting density is 75000 plants/hm2In the application, the ear length is increased by 4.76%, the row grain number is increased by 8.31%, the ear grain number is increased by 8.75%, and the thousand grain weight and the yield are respectively increased by 5.60% and 11.45%; and the bald length is reduced by 38.93%. Therefore, the corn ear length can be increased, the bald tip length can be reduced, and the thousand kernel weight and the yield can be improved when the corn ear growing agent is applied to different planting densities.
(5) The method clearly controls the time and integrates the complete technologies of assembled lodging-resistant and premature senility-resistant variety screening and application, few no-tillage board stubble precision seeding and pressing technology, soil testing formula balance fertilization technology, agricultural machinery and agricultural technology fusion and the like, so that the scientificity, the high efficiency and the precision of the summer corn control, lodging-resistant and premature senility-resistant production increase are further improved, the fertilizer and pesticide usage amount in the production is reduced, and the green and high-efficiency production of the summer corn is promoted.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a summer corn lodging-resistant premature senility-preventing cultivation method, which specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) spraying ethephon to upper leaves when the residue of the leaf age of the corn is 7 or 7 days before the tassel and the leaf age index is more than 70% in the chemical control period. Tests prove that the invention can definitely optimize the control time to reduce the lodging rate of the corn by more than 90 percent, and under the normal weather condition without lodging, the average grain number per ear at 23 points in different areas is increased by 32.6 grains, the thousand grain weight is increased by 12.3 g, and the average yield is increased by 12.7 percent.
In the invention, the leaf surface spraying of the corn is carried out after the spraying of 30-50% of ethephon content is carried out and water is added for 18 ml/mu, and the preferable ethephon content is 35-45%. In the present invention, the source of ethephon is not particularly limited, and a conventional commercially available product may be used.
In the invention, the ethephon spraying method comprises the following steps: and spraying by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the pesticide application amount per mu is 1200-1500 ml, and the more preferable pesticide application amount per mu is 1100-1300 ml.
In the invention, when the unmanned aerial vehicle sprays the pesticide, the flying height is 1.5-2 m from the corn tassel tip, the flying speed is 4-6 m/s, the spraying amplitude is 4-5 m, more preferably, the flying height is 1.5-2 m from the corn tassel tip, the pesticide application amount per mu is 1200-1500 ml, the flying speed is 5m/s, the spraying amplitude is 4-5 m, and the flow rate of a spray head is 2.16L/min. The unmanned aerial vehicle spraying method can ensure that the pesticide is uniformly and stably sprayed, improve the pesticide absorption effect, save labor and time and reduce use risks. In the invention, the source of the unmanned aerial vehicle is not particularly limited, and the adopted unmanned aerial vehicle is an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle which is well known by the technical personnel in the field.
In the invention, the lodging-resistant and premature senility-preventing cultivation method further comprises the step of screening lodging-resistant varieties, wherein the lodging-resistant varieties comprise but are not limited to Zhengdan 958, Suyu 29, Suyu 30, Suyunuo No. 5 and Suyunuo No. 11. The variety screened by the invention not only requires high yield, stable yield, multiple resistance and high quality, but also requires high temperature resistance, good pollination fructification, lodging resistance, suitability for close planting and stronger disease resistance, is matched with a corresponding variety cultivation optimization scheme, and improves the comprehensive lodging resistance and premature senility resistance of the corn variety. The source of the lodging-resistant variety is not particularly limited, and the conventional commercial product is adopted.
In the invention, the lodging-resistant and premature senility-preventing cultivation method further comprises the following steps: and coating the corn seeds. Specifically, the mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to water is 1: (8-10) diluting, and then, mixing the diluted solution with the corn seeds in a mass ratio of 1: (9-12) fully mixing the components and performing corn seed coating treatment. The seed dressing agent is a corn seed dressing agent which is conventionally used in the field, the source of the seed dressing agent is not particularly limited, and a conventional commercial product can be adopted.
The lodging-resistant and premature senility-preventing cultivation method further comprises formulated fertilization, wherein the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is respectively N15-20 kg/667m2、P2O53～6kg/667m2、K2O3～6kg/667m2. More preferably, the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is respectively N16-19 kg/667m2、P2O54～5.5kg/667m2、K2O4～5kg/667m2. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied twice, the base fertilizer accounts for 50-60% of the total application amount, and the additional fertilizer accounts for 40-50% of the total application amount; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is mainly applied as a base fertilizer. Experiments show that the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves is improved by accurate formula fertilization to prevent premature senescence of plants, so that the activity of the corn leaves is remarkably improved, the chlorophyll content is increased by 18.8%, the area of the three leaves is increased by 6.7%, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved by 18.3%, and the photosynthetic product is increased by 21.5%. The source of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is not specially limited, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be prepared by adopting conventional commercial products.
In the formula fertilization, 10-15 kg of additional fertilizer urea is applied per mu in a large-horn-mouth period of corn, and more preferably 11-13 kg of additional fertilizer urea is applied per mu. The source of the urea is not particularly limited in the invention, and a conventional commercial product can be adopted.
In the invention, a potassium fertilizer is sprayed in the jointing stage of corn in the formula fertilization, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate: uniformly spraying the leaf surfaces with water in a weight ratio of 1-1.5: 100. The source of the monopotassium phosphate is not particularly limited, and a conventional commercial product can be adopted.
In the invention, 0.1-0.3% of zinc sulfate is sprayed in the joint stage in the formula fertilization, and more preferably 0.15-0.25% of zinc sulfate is sprayed in the joint stage. Tests prove that the application of the zinc fertilizer in the corn production can obviously promote the growth and development of the corn, improve the photosynthesis efficiency, promote the plant to be strong, enhance the disease resistance, prevent bald tip and lack of grains, promote the precocity of the corn, delay the senescence of leaves and stalks, increase the ear length, the ear thickness and the ear number, improve the thousand grain weight and increase the yield. The source of the zinc sulfate is not particularly limited, and the conventional commercial product is adopted.
In the formulated fertilization, 0.1-0.3% of boron fertilizer aqueous solution is sprayed in the jointing stage, and more preferably 0.15-0.25% of boron fertilizer aqueous solution is sprayed in the jointing stage. Tests show that boron can promote the running of carbohydrate, the boron content in the plant body is proper, the organic matter supply of crops can be improved, the crops can grow normally, and the seed setting rate and the fruit setting rate are improved. Meanwhile, the pollen can be stimulated to germinate and the pollen tube can be stimulated to extend, so that pollination can be smoothly carried out. The source of the boron fertilizer water solution is not particularly limited, and the boron fertilizer water solution can be prepared by adopting conventional commercial products.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The test adopts the design of a fission region, the corn variety is taken as a main region, and the corn varieties to be tested are Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29; spraying 30% ethephon 18 ml/mu at different periods, performing conditioner control to obtain subzones, treating at six periods of leaf age residues of 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, and 1, respectively, and repeating for three times while setting 1 untreated control CK. The planting density of the corn is 4500 plants per mu. Sowing the seeds at 6 months and 16 days, and emergence of seedlings at 6 months and 22 days. In addition to the treatment, the field management is the same as the field management.
Example 2
The test adopts the design of a fission region, the corn variety is taken as a main region, and the corn varieties to be tested are Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29; spraying 40% ethephon 18 ml/mu at different periods, performing conditioner chemical control to obtain secondary areas, performing treatment at six periods of corn leaf age residue of 11, 9, 7, 5, 3 and 1, and repeating for three times while setting 1 untreated corn as control CK. The planting density of the corn is 4500 plants per mu. Sowing the seeds at 6 months and 16 days, and emergence of seedlings at 6 months and 22 days. In addition to the treatment, the field management is the same as the field management.
As can be seen from Table 1, there was a significant difference in the number of single ears of each corn variety treated with the conditioner at different periods. When each variety is treated in the leaf age remaining 7-leaf stage, the single spike grain number is the highest, and the increase of Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29 by 18.92%, 21.43% and 14.83% respectively compared with the control reaches extremely significant level; the number of single spike Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29 are respectively increased by 11.56%, 20.21% and 13.20% compared with the control when the treatment is carried out at the leaf stage with the leaf age of the remainder of 5 leaves; the single spike grain number of the three varieties of Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29 are increased by only 0.38% and 0.13%, 0.25% and 0.78%, 0.82% and 0.15% respectively compared with the control; the number of single panicle grains is greatly reduced when the treatment is carried out at the leaf age residue of 11 and the leaf stage of 9, and the three varieties of Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29 are respectively reduced by 28.02 percent and 15.65 percent, 17.9 percent and 14.89 percent, 26.19 percent and 21.43 percent to a very significant level compared with the control. Therefore, the chemical control conditioner treatment in different periods has great influence on the grain number of each ear of corn, and the pretreatment in the residue 7 period of the leaf age has very obvious yield reduction risk.
TABLE 1 Effect of different periods of conditioner treatment on the number of grains per ear of corn
As can be seen from table 2, there was a significant difference in the individual ear grain weight (yield) of each corn variety with different periods of conditioner treatment. When each variety is treated in the leaf age remainder 7-leaf stage, the single spike weight (yield) is the highest, and the increase of Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29 by 10.09%, 13.6% and 12.56% respectively compared with the control reaches a very significant level; the weight of single ear (yield) Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29 are respectively increased by 6.3%, 11.51% and 11.59% compared with the control when the leaves are treated at the leaf stage with the leaf age of the remainder of 5 leaves; compared with the control, the single spike grain weight (yield) of the three varieties of Zhengdan 309, Denghai 605 and Suyu 29 has no difference when the leaf age residue is 1 and 3 leaf stages, and the three varieties of Zhengdan 309, Denghai 605 and Suyu 29 only increase by 0.19% and 1.05%, 0.09% and 1.33%, 0.28% and 1.89% respectively; the single ear grain weight (yield) is reduced remarkably when the leaves are treated at the leaf age residue of 11 and the leaf stage of 9, and the three varieties of Zhengdan 309, Shanghai 605 and Suyu 29 are reduced by 19.88 percent and 17.98 percent, 28.34 percent and 20.95 percent, 29.34 percent and 19.13 percent respectively to a remarkable level compared with the control. Therefore, the time for controlling the corn lodging prevention is critical in view of yield, and the corn leaves are treated after the residue is 7, so that lodging resistance and yield increase are ensured.
TABLE 2 Effect of different periods of conditioner treatment on corn Single ear weight
As can be seen from Table 3, there is a significant effect of the treatments at different times on the number of aerial roots of corn. The number of aerial roots among different corn varieties has significance, but the F value (1.22) of the interaction of the two factors is less than F0.05, which shows that the interaction of the two factors has no significant influence on the number of the aerial roots. The influence of the treatment at different time on the corn aerial root is not limited by varieties, and the treatment at the same time can be selected among different varieties. Deep analysis shows that the air root number of the corn can be remarkably increased by the conditioner treatment in the 3-leaf stage and the 7-leaf stage of the leaf age remainder, and the air root number can be increased by the conditioner treatment in other stages, but the air root number is not remarkably increased. The method is characterized in that the aerial root number of the corn can be remarkably increased only by selecting the treatment in the leaf period of 7-3 leaves with the leaf age as much as possible to increase the aerial root number of the corn.
TABLE 3 significance analysis of aerial root number of maize
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the control, the reduction degree of the plant height and the ear height of the corn treated at different periods is greatly different, and the plant heights of the leaf age residues 11, 9, 7, 5, 3 and 1 are respectively reduced compared with the control: 15.66%, 14.50%, 10.99%, 8.91%, 6.49% and 1.17%, the ear height is respectively reduced compared with the control: 26.74%, 19.19%, 8.% 7, 7.27%, 0.68%, and 0.00%; the stem thickness of the basal three-section stems is respectively reduced by 11.80% and 8.43% when the stems are treated in the leaf age residues of 11 and 9 compared with the contrast, but the stem thickness of the basal three-section stems is respectively increased by 7.87%, 6.18%, 2.81% and 0.56% when the stems are treated in the leaf age residues of 7, 5, 3 and 1 compared with the contrast, the stems are increased most in the leaf age residues of 7 and 5, and the lodging resistance is obviously improved; the piercing strength (N) of the corn stalks is also up to 92.8(N) when the residue number of the leaf age is 7, and the piercing strength (N) of the corn stalks at the residue numbers of the leaf ages of 11, 9, 7, 5, 3 and 1 is respectively increased by 9.26%, 37.39%, 59.18%, 39.62%, 21.61% and 12.01% compared with the control. The length above the ear position accounts for the plant height, and the treatment of leaf age residues 11, 9, 7, 5, 3 and 1 are respectively increased by 10.61 percent, 4.43 percent, 2.04 percent, 1.45 percent, 5.01 percent and 0.94 percent compared with the control.
TABLE 4 Effect of different time conditioner treatments on lodging resistant agronomic traits in maize plants (average of three varieties Zhengdan 309, Denghai 605 and Suyu 29)
Example 3
The test uses Suyu 29 as a material, 18 ml/mu of 50% ethephon is sprayed for conditioning when the leaf age of the corn is at the remainder of 7 (the just exposed tip can be seen after the 7 leaves are poured), and the process is repeated for three times by using clear water as a control. The planting density of the corn is 4500 plants per mu. Other management measures are carried out according to the conventional method.
Example 4
The test uses Suyu 29 as a material, 18 ml/mu of 40% ethephon is sprayed when the leaf age of the corn is at the remainder of 7 (the just exposed tip can be seen when the 7 leaves are inverted), conditioner chemical control is carried out, and the operation is repeated for three times by using clear water spraying as a control. The planting density of the corn is 4500 plants per mu. Other management measures are carried out according to the conventional method.
As can be seen from Table 5, the chemical control treatment of the leaf age residue of 7 can obviously improve the contents of lignin and hemicellulose in the corn stalks by 12.5 percent and 7.2 percent respectively compared with the control; the activity of the root system at the later stage is also obviously increased by 20.8 percent compared with the control; the puncture strength is obviously increased by 24.9 percent compared with the control; the length of the nodes (including tassels) above the ear position is reduced by 5.82 percent of the plant height. Therefore, the chemical control treatment when the leaf age is 7 is left can increase the content of lignin and hemicellulose in the stalks and obviously improve the stalk puncture strength; meanwhile, the later-stage root activity is enhanced, the ratio of internode occupying the plant height above the ear position is reduced, the cut-off degree of the leaves at the ear is improved, and the guarantee is provided for the later-stage lodging resistance, premature senility resistance and yield increase of the corn.
TABLE 5 Effect of ethephon treatment on corn stalk composition and morphological characteristics at leaf age residue 7
As can be seen from Table 6, the time-controlled chemical treatment of leaf age residue 7 has a significant effect on both the photosynthetic capacity and the antioxidant enzyme system of the corn cob leaves. Compared with a control, the treatment obviously increases the chlorophyll content of the rod-position leaf by 18.83%, the photosynthetic efficiency by 18.31%, the SOD activity by 12.30%, the POD activity by 18.52%, the CAT activity by 25.93% and the MDA content by 17.25%. Therefore, the leaf age residue 7 chemical control treatment can obviously enhance the photosynthetic capacity of the maize-stick-position leaves, activate the activity of an antioxidant enzyme system in a living body, improve the supply of plant photosynthetic products and enhance the stress resistance.
TABLE 6 influence of 7-hour chemical control treatment on photosynthesis capacity and antioxidant enzyme system activity of maize cob leaves
As can be seen from Table 7, compared with the control, the application of the method to different varieties including common corn, waxy corn and sweet corn can obviously reduce the plant height of each variety, the reduction amplitude is 3.0-8.9%, the stalk puncture strength is increased by 27.4-42.2%, the root activity is increased by 26.8-51.7%, the number of grains per ear is increased by 3.7-11.9%, the thousand grain weight is increased by 4.2-8.4%, and the yield is increased by 11.1-18.3%. Therefore, the method has universality on different varieties, can adapt to different genotype varieties, and is safe and effective.
Application effect of chemical control on different corn varieties in case of leaf age residue of 7 in Table 7
Example 5
Zhengdan 958 is used as a material for the test; and spraying 18 ml/mu of 40% ethephon when the leaves of the corn are at the age of 7 (the leaves are just 7 and just exposed to the tip) for conditioning. The planting density of the corn is 52500 strains per hectare. Sowing the seeds at 6 months and 16 days, and emergence of seedlings at 6 months and 22 days. Other management measures are carried out according to the conventional method.
Example 6
Zhengdan 958 is used as a material for the test; and spraying 18 ml/mu of 40% ethephon when the leaves of the corn are at the age of 7 (the leaves are just 7 and just exposed to the tip) for conditioning. The planting density of the corn is 75000 plants per hectare. Sowing the seeds at 6 months and 16 days, and emergence of seedlings at 6 months and 22 days. Other management measures are carried out according to the conventional method.
As can be seen from Table 8, the application of the aging control of leaf age residue 7 to Zheng on different corn planting densitiesSingle 958 yield traits had significant impact. Compared with the control, the planting density is 52500 strains/hm2The grain length of the spike is increased by 3.77 percent, the grain number of the row is increased by 5.46 percent, the grain number of the spike is increased by 5.51 percent, and the thousand grain weight and the yield are respectively increased by 3.88 percent and 6.98 percent by applying on the density; and the bald length is reduced by 37.31%. The planting density is 75000 plants/hm2In the application, the ear length is increased by 4.76%, the row grain number is increased by 8.31%, the ear grain number is increased by 8.75%, and the thousand grain weight and the yield are respectively increased by 5.60% and 11.45%; and the bald length is reduced by 38.93%. Therefore, the corn ear length can be increased, the bald tip length can be reduced, and the thousand kernel weight and the yield can be improved when the corn ear growing agent is applied to different planting densities.
TABLE 8 influence of chemical control on Zhengdan 958 yield traits at leaf age residue 7 on different planting densities
Example 7
The test uses denghai 605 as the material, and the conditioner chemical control is carried out by spraying 40% ethephon 18 ml/mu when the leaf age of the corn is the remainder 7 (the just barely tip can be seen after the 7 leaves are poured). The conditions of the formulated fertilization are that the application amount of the corn nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (pure) is respectively N18kg/667m2、P2O55kg/667m2、K2O4.5kg/667m2. The application amount of the fertilizer is N22kg/667m respectively2、P2O56.5kg/667m2、K2O4.5kg/667m2As a control. Sowing the seeds at 6 months and 16 days, and emergence of seedlings at 6 months and 22 days. Besides treatment, field fertilization is managed in the same way as the field.
As can be seen from Table 9, the conditions of the formulated fertilization (according to the formulation fertilization scheme of Jiangsu summer corn in the technical instruction station of agricultural rural hall crop in Jiangsu province, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer (pure) application rates of the corn are N18kg/667m2、P2O55kg/667m2、K2O4.5kg/667m2) And more reasonable fertilizer supply can be provided for the corn, the empty stalk rate of the corn is reduced, the effective spike number is ensured, 140 spikes are increased per mu, the yield is increased by 3.52%, the spike grain number of the formulated fertilization is increased by about 3%, and the hundred grain weight is increased by 5.4%, which is beneficial to the formation of corn yield, and the yield is increased by 12.37% on average. Meanwhile, the plant height and the ear height of the corn subjected to formulated fertilization are reduced by 6.9 percent and 3.4 percent respectively compared with those of the corn subjected to formulated fertilization, and the lodging resistance of the corn is facilitated. With conventional fertilization (application rate is N22kg/667m respectively2、P2O56.5kg/667m2、K2O4.5kg/667m2) Compared with the prior art, the formula fertilization has a larger promotion effect on the growth of the corn and can obtain better yield composition and lodging resistance effect.
TABLE 9 Effect of formulated fertilization on the agronomic traits of Denmark 605
| Type (B) | Effective ear/(ear/mu) | Plant height/cm | Ear height/cm | Grain number per grain | Hundred grain weight/g | yield/(Kg/mu) |
| Formulated fertilization | 4120 | 245.6 | 92.3 | 531.8 | 35.2 | 771.24 |
| Conventional fertilization | 3980 | 263.7 | 95.5 | 526.8 | 33.4 | 686.33 |
| ±％ | 4.04 | -6.9 | -3.4 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 12.37 |
As can be seen from Table 10, the amount of corn kernels produced by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per kg in the formula mode is respectively 42.85kg, 154.23kg and 171.39kg, and the amount of corn kernels produced by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per kg in the formula mode is respectively 11.65kg, 48.65kg and 18.87kg, which are respectively increased by 37.34%, 46.08% and 12.37% compared with the amount of corn kernels produced by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per kg in the conventional fertilization mode. Experiments show that the fertilizer application by the formula is balanced in use, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer can be effectively improved.
TABLE 10 agronomic utilization of fertilizers in two fertilization modes
Example 8
The test uses denghai 605 as the material, and the conditioner chemical control is carried out by spraying 40% ethephon 18 ml/mu when the leaf age of the corn is the remainder 7 (the just barely tip can be seen after the 7 leaves are poured). The spraying method adopts an unmanned aerial vehicle for spraying, and specifically comprises the steps of the height of the flying height from the average male ear tip of the corn being 2m, the pesticide application liquid amount per mu being 1400ml, the flying speed being 5m/s, the spraying width being 4.5m, and the flow rate of a spray head being 2.16L/min. Manual spraying was used as a control. Other management measures are carried out according to the conventional method.
As can be seen from Table 11, under the spraying condition of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the yield of the corn is improved to a certain extent compared with the manual spraying. Compared with manual spraying, the yield of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying is increased by 164.8 yuan/hm2The method improves the yield by 5.0 percent and obviously increases the economic benefit. This shows that unmanned aerial vehicle sprays chemical control agent can reduce the recruitment cost in maize production, improves chemical control effect, increases maize production's economic benefits.
TABLE 11 Effect of different spray patterns on corn yield and benefit
Note: the price of the corn is calculated according to 0.8 yuan/kg; the spraying cost refers to the cost of chemicals, labor, instruments and the like for chemical spraying treatment; other costs refer to the expense of seeds, fertilizers, and field management.
During the implementation of the invention, the field test and demonstration show results show that the materialized product achieves remarkable results in the aspects of green production of corn, lodging resistance and premature senility resistance, and mainly comprises the following three aspects: the method has obvious effect on different varieties and cultivation systems. The experiment of 23 different varieties in different years in different areas shows that the average yield of the corn is increased by 12.7 percent (2.98-29.6 percent) and the yield is increased by more than 50 percent under the condition of lodging. Secondly, in recent years, the popularization and application yield increasing effect of the demonstration piece created in counties of our province in a green high-yield and high-efficiency manner is more obvious, and the average yield increase of the demonstration piece is 41.98% compared with the field production, so that the effect of the invention and the technical and physical products applied under the condition of high yield level is better, and a new technical approach is provided for creating the ultrahigh yield of the corn.
544.45 ten thousand mu are applied in 2017-2019 in a cumulative way, and 167.05, 186.06 and 191.34 ten thousand mu are applied in 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively, which respectively account for 31.4%, 32.7% and 34.6% of the planting area in the current year. According to statistics, the average yield per unit of corn in 2017-2019 is 490.19kg, compared with the contrast yield increase of 51.36kg, the increase is 11.70%, the accumulated yield increase of the corn is 27962.95 kilo, the income increase of 82.18 yuan per mu is calculated according to 80 yuan/50 kilogram, the medicament is deducted, labor and cost are saved by 15.20 yuan per mu after labor cost, and the pure income of 97.38 yuan per mu is increased by popularization and application of the green lodging-resistant anti-premature-senescence-resistant yield-increasing technology of Jiangsu summer corn. And calculating according to a new purification income reduction coefficient of 0.7 in unit scale, a popularization scale reduction coefficient of 0.9 and a popularization unit economic benefit score coefficient of 0.2, wherein the total economic benefit in 2017-2019 is 33194.44 ten thousand yuan, the annual economic benefit is 11064.81 ten thousand yuan, the annual average pure income rate of popularization investment reaches 10.68, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The summer corn lodging-resistant and premature senility-resistant cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying ethephon to leaves on the upper part of the corn in a chemical control period, wherein the chemical control period meets any one of the following conditions: the leaf age index is more than 70 percent when the remainder of the leaf age of the corn is 7 days or 7 days before the tassel extraction.
2. The cultivation method for resisting lodging and premature senility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying of the leaf surface of the corn is carried out after the water is added for 18 ml/mu, wherein the amount of the sprayed ethephon is 30-50%.
3. The lodging-resistant and premature aging-resistant cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying method comprises: spraying by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the pesticide liquid amount applied per mu is 1200-1500 ml.
4. The lodging-resistant and premature-senescence-preventing cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising screening lodging-resistant varieties, wherein the lodging-resistant varieties comprise one of Zhengdan 958, Suyu 29, Suyu 30, Suyunuo No. 5 and Suyunuo No. 11.
5. The cultivation method for resisting lodging and premature senility as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: and coating the corn seeds.
6. The cultivation method for resisting lodging and premature senility as claimed in claim 1, further comprising formulated fertilization, wherein the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are respectively N15-20 kg/667m2、P2O53～6kg/667m2、K2O 3～6kg/667m2。
7. The cultivation method for resisting lodging and premature senility as claimed in claim 6, wherein 10-15 kg of additional fertilizer urea is applied per mu in the large-horn period of corn in the formula fertilization.
8. The cultivation method for resisting lodging and premature senility as claimed in claim 7, wherein a potassium fertilizer is sprayed in the formulated fertilization at the jointing stage of corn, wherein the ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate: uniformly spraying the leaf surfaces with water in a weight ratio of 1-1.5: 100.
9. The cultivation method for resisting lodging and premature senility as claimed in claim 8, wherein 0.1-0.3% of zinc sulfate is sprayed during the jointing stage in the formulated fertilization.
10. The cultivation method for resisting lodging and premature senility as claimed in claim 9, wherein the formulated fertilization is carried out by spraying 0.1-0.3% boron fertilizer water solution in jointing stage.
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