CN112335112B - 用于汽车储能装置的锂离子电池及其制造方法 - Google Patents

用于汽车储能装置的锂离子电池及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN112335112B
CN112335112B CN201980016847.XA CN201980016847A CN112335112B CN 112335112 B CN112335112 B CN 112335112B CN 201980016847 A CN201980016847 A CN 201980016847A CN 112335112 B CN112335112 B CN 112335112B
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J·乌尔克
A·伯格尔
S·卡列斯
T·克纳佩
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽车储能装置的锂离子电池(1)，具有至少一个阳极(3)，至少一个阴极(4)，电解质以及在所述阳极(3)和阴极(4)之间设置在电解质中的分隔器(7)，以及用于确定锂离子电池(1)的电压电势的参考电极(8)。其中，参考电极(8)由钛酸锂制成。

Description

用于汽车储能装置的锂离子电池及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车的储能装置、特别是牵引储能装置的锂离子电池，其具有至少一个阳极、至少一个阴极、电解质以及在阳极和阴极之间设置在电解质中的分隔器，还具有用于确定锂离子电池的电压电势的参考电极。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造这种用于汽车的储能装置的锂离子电池的方法，其中，提供阳极、阴极、电解质以及在阳极和阴极之间设置在电解质中的分隔器。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知有本文开始所述类型的锂离子电池及制造方法。常规的锂离子电池中阳极和阴极通常通过电解质彼此电连接，电解质通常是非水电解质溶液。通过设置在阳极和阴极之间的分隔器可使锂离子通过电解质自由地在两个电极、即阳极和阴极之间迁移。通过添加作为第三电极的参考电极，使得能够单独确定阳极和阴极的半电池电势，从而能够详细地确定电池的充电状态和老化状态。通常这样的参考电极由锂金属制成，但其长期稳定性低并且不太适用于阻抗谱测量。此外，在“F.La Mantia,C.D.Wessells,H.D.Deshazer,Yi Curi:Reliable reference electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(用于锂离子电池的可靠参考电极)，Electrochemistry Communications 31(2013)141-144”中已知，由磷酸锂铁和锂钛氧化物来制造参考电极，其中，参考电极以点状的形式来施加。此外从“J.Costard,M.Ender,M.Weiss,E.Ivers-Tiffée:Three-Electrode Setups forLithium-ion batteries II(锂离子电池的三电极设置II)”已知，通过涂覆金属栅格来提供参考电极。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，提出改进的锂离子电池，其可以用于阻抗谱分析的目的，并且几乎没有老化迹象。
本发明的目的通过具有权利要求1特征的锂离子电池来实现。其优点在于，该锂离子电池总体上具有长的使用寿命，特别是就所使用的参考电极来说；并且能够可靠且长时间地实施阻抗谱测量，尤其是用于确定锂离子电池的老化状态的阻抗谱测量。根据本发明，这通过用钛酸锂来制造参考电极来实现。由此得到适合于阻抗谱测量以及参考电极的鲁棒性的优点，确保了长的使用寿命。
特别是，参考电极由钛酸锂粉末压制而成。由此使得参考电极的制造简单且成本合算，由此获得了以上所述的优点。
特别优选的是，将参考电极压制在分隔器上。由此确保了能够容易地将参考电极集成在锂离子电池中。
具有权利要求2特征的根据本发明的方法的特征在于，参考电极由钛酸锂制成。由此得到以上所述的优点。
优选参考电极通过压制钛酸锂粉末制成。特别优选的是参考电极通过冲压机构或冲压销的纵向移动来制成。
此外根据本发明，将参考电极直接压制在分隔器上。
附图说明
通过以上所述给出了本发明的已经提及的各项优点。以下借助附图中所示的实施例说明本发明的进一步的优点、优选的特征及特征组合。其中示出：
图1A和1B以侧视图和俯视图示出了锂离子电池，
图2示出用于制造锂离子电池的装置，以及
图3示出制造锂离子电池的方法。
具体实施方式
图1A和1B以侧视图和俯视图示出了用于汽车储能装置的锂离子电池1，其特别是用作汽车的牵引电池。在图1A中以侧视图示出锂离子电池1，在图1B中以在接头上方的俯视图示出锂离子电池1。锂离子电池1具有壳体2，阳极3和阴极4设置在壳体2中。外部连接5和6由阳极3和阴极4从壳体2伸出以用于它们的电连接。在壳体2中还设有电解质，其优选由非水电解质溶液构成，以及由虚线表示的分隔器7，分隔器7设置在阳极3和阴极4之间。
此外锂离子电池1还具有参考电极8，参考电极8具有从壳体2突出的、用于电接触的接头9。参考电极8由钛酸锂粉末制成。
图2示出用于制造锂离子电池1的参考电极8的装置10。装置10具有冲压机构11，冲压机构11具有塑料套筒12和与其连接的金属螺栓13。金属螺栓13在自由端具有螺纹14，在另一端插入塑料套筒12。塑料套筒12在其远离螺纹14的一端上具有作为冲压机构(Pressstempel)的、封闭的基座15。金属螺栓13以主轴驱动器的主轴的方式工作并相应地在其自由端通过螺纹14与主轴螺母16耦接。通过主轴螺母16的旋转冲压机构11可在其纵向上移动，如图2中通过箭头17所示的。
在冲压机构11和分隔器7之间设有钛酸锂粉末18，特别是在将分隔器7设置到壳体2中之前设置钛酸锂粉末18，优选设置在设在分隔器7上的膜20的凹陷或凹部19中，然后通过冲压机构11相对于分隔器7对其施压，从而获得由钛酸锂制成的参考电极8。
图3在流程图中再次示出了制造锂离子电池的方法。在第一步骤S1中，制造具有阴极4和阳极3以及电解质的锂离子电池1。需要的话，在电极线圈上制造阳极3和阴极4，该电极线圈作为基础元件具有形成分隔器7的条带，阴极4和阳极3设置在该条带上。在将该线圈置入壳体2中之前，在步骤S2中将该线圈引入到装置10中并制造参考电极8。
随后，在步骤S3中将线圈和参考电极8一起置入壳体2中，其中，使参考电极8如图1A所示的和相应描述的，可从外部接触。由此，最后在步骤S4中获得具有有利的由钛酸锂制成的参考电极8的锂离子电池1，参考电极8确保了长的使用寿命和在阻抗谱测量中的有利性能。
附图标记列表
1.锂离子电池
2.壳体
3.阳极
4.阴极
5.接头
6.接头
7.分隔器
8.参考电极
9.接头
10.装置
11.冲压机构
12.塑料套筒
13.金属螺栓
14.螺纹
15.基座
16.主轴螺母
17.箭头
18.钛酸锂粉末
19.凹部
20.膜。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于制造锂离子电池(1)的方法，所述锂离子电池(1)用于汽车的储能装置，具有步骤：
-提供阳极(3)、阴极(4)、电解质以及在所述阳极(3)和阴极(4)之间设置在电解质中的分隔器(7)，
-提供由钛酸锂制成的参考电极(8)，
其特征在于，所述参考电极(8)借助装置(10)由钛酸锂粉末(18)压制而成，
-其中，所述装置(10)具有金属螺栓(13)，
-其中，所述金属螺栓(13)在自由端具有螺纹(14)并且通过所述螺纹(14)与主轴螺母(16)耦接，
-其中，所述金属螺栓(13)在其另一端插入塑料套筒(12)，
-其中，所述塑料套筒(12)在其远离所述螺纹(14)的一端上具有封闭的基座(15)，所述基座(15)用作冲压机构(11)，
-其中，钛酸锂粉末(18)被设置在所述冲压机构(11)和所述分隔器(7)之间，所述钛酸锂粉末(18)被设置在设在所述分隔器(7)上的膜(20)的凹部(19)中，以及
-其中，通过所述冲压机构(11)相对于所述分隔器(7)的纵向移动将所述钛酸锂粉末直接压制在所述分隔器(7)上，从而制成所述参考电极(8)。
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