CN112321925A - 一种紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料及其制备方法，属于高分子材料技术领域。本发明所述紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料的制备原料由如下重量份的成分组成：80～95份聚乙烯、1～5份助交联剂、1～5份光引发剂、0.5～3份助吸收剂和1～5份低收缩添加剂。原料中添加低收缩添加剂的电缆料结构稳定，在高温下收缩率较小，其制备方法也较为简单，适于进行工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料及其制备方法。
背景技术
交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆料具有较高的长期使用温度、较长的使用寿命、安全系数高等优点，在中高压电力电缆领域被大量使用。而紫外光交联技术作为一种新的交联方式，具备设备投资小、工艺简单、交联速度快、加工成本低等优点。但目前市场上紫外光交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆材料普遍存在(130℃，1h)热收缩率偏高、交联效果差等问题，致使线缆在实际使用中存在隐患。如何降低(130℃，1h)热收缩率、提高交联效果成为目前紫外光交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆材料顺利推广的一大难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种低收缩紫外光交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案为：一种紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其制备原料包含如下重量份的成分：80～95份聚乙烯、1～5份助交联剂、1～5份光引发剂、0.5～3份助吸收剂和1～5份低收缩添加剂。
优选地，所述紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料还包含0.3～1份抗氧剂和0.3～2份润滑剂。
优选地，所述紫外光交联聚乙烯在测试温度为190℃、负荷为2.16kg下的熔融指数为1～5g/10min。
优选地，所述助交联剂包含三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、1,2-聚丁二烯、三羟甲基丙烷二烯丙基醚、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯中的至少一种。
三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯能显著提高塑料制品的强度、刚度和耐热性能，可使制品在250℃左右长期使用；三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯可以提高交联剂制品的耐热性、耐溶剂性、耐候性、抗腐蚀性、阻燃性，还可以改善机械性能。
优选地，所述光引发剂包含安息香双甲醚、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮、α-羟烷基苯酮、二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、二芳基碘鎓盐、环戊二烯异丙苯铁六氟磷酸盐中的至少一种。
优选地，所述助吸收剂包含钛白粉和硫化锌中的一种或两种。
优选地，所述低收缩添加剂包含凹凸棒粘土、硫酸钡晶须、超细滑石粉、超细硅灰石粉中的至少一种。
添加凹凸棒粘土后，材料对水分接受、排放性强，不膨胀不变形，抗垂度强，能适应空气温度的变化，保持稳定形状。硫酸钡晶须可增强复合材料的力学性能。超细滑石粉可以提高材料在高温时的挠曲刚度，提高材料的结构稳定性。超细硅灰石粉可以提高材料的力学性能，增加拉伸强度和挠曲强度。
优选地，所述抗氧剂包含受阻酚类抗氧剂、硫代酯类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂中的至少一种。
优选地，所述抗氧剂为四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(抗氧剂1010)、4,4'-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)(抗氧剂300)、硫代二丙酸双月桂酯(抗氧剂DLTP)、二异丙苯基二苯胺(抗氧剂KY405)和三[2,4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯(抗氧剂168)中的至少一种。
优选地，所述润滑剂包含硅酮母粒、硬脂酸、硬脂酸盐、聚乙烯蜡、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、季戊四醇双硬脂酸酯中的至少一种。
优选地，所述润滑剂包含硅酮母粒、聚乙烯蜡、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺中的至少一种。
同时，本发明公开了一种所述紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料的制备方法，所述制备方法包括如下制备步骤：
(1)称取原料，搅拌，得到混合料；
(2)将混合料加入双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，挤出温度为130～170℃，得到所述聚乙烯电缆料。
相比于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：在拉伸强度、断裂伸长率，热空气老化(136℃×168h)测试结果、热延伸率都满足标准的情况下，极大地降低了热收缩率，保证材料在高温下仍然具有相对稳定的结构。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明(如无特殊说明，本发明实施例及对比例中的用量均为重量份，实施例与对比例中的每一重量份对应相同的质量)。
本发明实施例和对比例中所用聚乙烯的条件如下：
实施例1～4、实施例7～8和对比例1所用聚乙烯的熔融指数为2g/10min，实施例5所用聚乙烯的熔融指数为1g/10min，实施例6所用聚乙烯的熔融指数为5g/10min，对比例2所用聚乙烯的熔融指数为10g/10min，熔融指数的测试条件为190℃/2.16kg。
实施例1～8为本发明所述紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，对比例1～2为以有别于本发明的配方制备的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其配方如表1所示，制备方法如下：
(1)按表1所示配方称取原料，加入搅拌机中混合均匀，混合时间为3min，得到混合料；
(2)将混合料加入双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，挤出温度为150℃，造粒后，得到所述电缆料。
表1紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料的制备配方(重量份)
对实施例1～8和对比例1～2聚乙烯电缆料进行性能检测，测试结果如表2所示。
表2性能测试结果
从表2中可知，实施例1～8紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、高温老化后的拉伸强度保有率和断裂伸长率保有率以及热延伸后载荷下的最大伸长率和冷却后的最大伸长率、体积电阻率均符合标准要求，并且热收缩率大部分都低于对比例1～2，结果表明，以本发明公开的配方制备的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料具有良好的稳定性，适于进行实际应用。
最后所应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，但并不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其特征在于，所述紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料的制备原料包含如下重量份的成分：80～95份聚乙烯、1～5份助交联剂、1～5份光引发剂、0.5～3份助吸收剂和1～5份低收缩添加剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其特征在于，所述紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料的制备原料还包括0.3～1份抗氧剂和0.3～2份润滑剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其特征在于，所述紫外光交联聚乙烯在测试温度为190℃、负荷为2.16kg下的熔融指数为1～5g/10min。
4.如权利要求1所述的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其特征在于，所述助交联剂包含三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、1,2-聚丁二烯、三羟甲基丙烷二烯丙基醚、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其特征在于，所述光引发剂包含安息香双甲醚、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮、α-羟烷基苯酮、二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、二芳基碘鎓盐、环戊二烯异丙苯铁六氟磷酸盐中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其特征在于，所述助吸收剂包含钛白粉和硫化锌中的一种或两种。
7.如权利要求1所述的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其特征在于，所述低收缩添加剂包含凹凸棒粘土、硫酸钡晶须、超细滑石粉、超细硅灰石粉中的至少一种。
8.如权利要求2所述的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂包含受阻酚类抗氧剂、硫代酯类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求2所述的紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料，其特征在于，所述润滑剂包含硅酮母粒、硬脂酸、硬脂酸盐、聚乙烯蜡、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、季戊四醇双硬脂酸酯中的至少一种。
10.一种如权利要求1所述紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下制备步骤：
(1)称取紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料的制备原料，搅拌，得到混合料；
(2)将混合料加入双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，得到所述紫外光交联聚乙烯电缆料。
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