CN112321296A - 一种无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112321296A
CN112321296A CN202011144985.7A CN202011144985A CN112321296A CN 112321296 A CN112321296 A CN 112321296A CN 202011144985 A CN202011144985 A CN 202011144985A CN 112321296 A CN112321296 A CN 112321296A
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zinc oxide
bismuth
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李国荣
陈浩贤
郑嘹赢
田甜
曾江涛
陈曦
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片及其制备方法。所述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片由ZnO、SrO和金属M的氧化物的复合相组成,其中M为Co、Mn、Si中的至少一种;所述ZnO的含量为94 mol%~99.8 mol%,所述SrO和金属M的氧化物的总含量为0.2mol%~6mol%,所述金属M的氧化物的总含量为0~2 mol%;各组分摩尔含量之和为100mol%。

Description

一种无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无铋压敏电阻陶瓷片及其制备方法,属于压敏电阻材料领域。
背景技术
氧化锌压敏电阻器用的压敏电阻陶瓷片由混合生料烧结制成。传统的氧化锌压敏电阻生料以氧化锌(ZnO)为主材料,并包含多种微量的金属化合物,如三氧化二铋(Bi2O3)、三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)、二氧化锰(MnO2)、四氧化三钴(Co3O4)等,这些原料经过混合、煅烧、造粒、成型后在高温下烧结而形成多晶多相的压敏电阻陶瓷片。压敏电阻陶瓷片制作简单,成本低廉,由此制备出来的压敏电阻器件非线性系数高,浪涌吸收能力强,因而广泛应用于电力电子系统中的防雷及过电压保护。
而在目前氧化锌压敏电阻器使用的原料中,三氧化二铋(Bi2O3)几乎是不可缺少的原料。Bi2O3是较低熔点的氧化物(825℃),在有ZnO的参与下,750℃时便可与ZnO反应生成低共熔体。因此在烧结时,Bi2O3可以在晶界处析出液相基质。这种特征有利于润湿晶界,促进晶粒长大。同时,对于其他添加剂(如MnO2、Cr2O3等),它们的离子可以在富铋基体上迅速扩散,并在晶界处产生缺陷,从而增强了非线性。此外,研究发现,富铋基体可以加速氧的吸收,过量的氧离子填充到晶界的间隙位置,充当电子缺陷来束缚电子,这也是有利于非线性的提高。因此,Bi2O3是不可或缺的非线性形成剂。大量实验证明,在缺少Bi2O3的情况下,氧化锌压敏电阻片的非线性性能大大降低,无法达到应用的标准。
然而,Bi2O3在高温下的高挥发性和高反应活性一定程度上制约了工业生产。其高挥发性容易使得各种添加剂的配比偏离了设计的配方,最终导致压敏电阻的性能发生变化,不利于生产成本的降低。此外,在制造多层片式压敏电阻器的情况下,Bi2O3与Ag-Pd内电极之间的高反应性导致性能上的不可挽回的劣化。现迫切需要一种新的不含Bi元素的氧化锌压敏电阻材料来满足未来工业生产的需求。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种不含有铋元素且有较好非线性性能的氧化锌压敏陶瓷片,及这种无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片制备方法。
第一方面,本发明提供一种无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,其特征在于,所述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片由ZnO、SrO和金属M的氧化物(简写MO)的复合相组成,其中M为Co、Mn、Si中的至少一种;所述ZnO的含量为94mol%~99.8mol%,所述SrO和金属M的氧化物的总含量为0.2mol%~6mol%,所述金属M的氧化物的总含量为0~2mol%;各组分摩尔含量之和为100mol%。
较佳的,所述SrO的含量为0.2mol%~4mol%,优选0.5mol%~3mol%。
较佳的,所述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的非线性系数为3.6~46.4。
在本发明中,无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的原料由氧化锌及多种微量的化合物组成,其中Sr化合物作为非线性形成剂,在烧结时既可以充当助熔剂,促进物质的扩散,晶粒的长大以及陶瓷的致密化,又可以基于其较大的离子半径(0.118nm)而偏析在晶界,形成引起非线性的势垒。而Co、Mn、Si等化合物是传统的非线性增强剂,其可以通过缺陷反应产生受主缺陷,进一步提高无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的非线性性能。上述氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片不含铋(Bi)元素,但通过添加一定的Sr元素来弥补缺Bi情况下非线性的降低,并且其性能基本可以与含铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片媲美。
第二方面,本发明提供一种无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的制备方法,包括:
(1)将ZnO粉末、SrCO3粉末,以及金属M的氧化物粉末(M=Co、Mn、Si)按一定比例混合,得到混合粉末;
(2)将所得混合粉体在500~600℃下煅烧,得到复合粉体;
(3)将复合粉体中加入粘结剂进行造粒,得到粒径为40~120目的造粒粉体;
(4)将所得复合粉体经压制成型后,在1100℃以上烧结1-4小时得到所述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片。
较佳的,所述混合的方式为球磨混合,所述球磨混合的转速为300~400转/分钟,时间为4~8小时。
较佳的,以混合粉体的摩尔含量计为100mol%,步骤1)中所述混合粉末中ZnO的含量为94mol%~99.8mol%,SrCO3粉末以及金属M的氧化物的粉末(M=Co、Mn、Si)的总含量为0.2mol%~6mol%。
较佳的,所述SrCO3的含量为0.2mol%~4mol%;所述金属氧化物MO(M=Co、Mn、Si等)的总含量为0mol%~2mol%。
较佳的,所述高温煅烧粉体保温的时间为3~8小时。
较佳的,所述粘结剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,浓度为1~10wt%,加入量为复合粉体的5~20wt%。
较佳的,所述压制成型的压力为75~200MPa,保压时间为10~30s。
较佳的,所述烧结温度为1100-1300℃,时间为1~4小时,优选为1.5~3小时。
较佳的,所述烧结的升温速率为2~10℃/分钟。
有益效果:本发明提出的合成方法工艺简单,配方中掺杂元素少,成本低廉,能制备出较好非线性性能的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片。
附图说明
图1示出实施例1、2、3和4中的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的XRD图,从图中可知实施例中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的物相由ZnO、SrO和金属M的氧化物的复合相组成。
图2示出实施例1、2、3和4中的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的伏安特性图。
图3示出实施例1、2、3和4中的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的Nyquist图,从图中可知实例中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片都具备较大的晶界电阻,这是形成非线性伏安特性的关键。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,并结合下述实施方式进一步说明本发明。应理解,附图和/或具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而非限制本发明。
针对现有的氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片材料存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种获得无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的配方及其简单的制备方法。
在本发明中,无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片由混合粉末烧结形成,所述混合粉末包括摩尔百分数为90mol%~99.8mol%的ZnO粉末,0.2~4mol%的SrCO3粉末,以及0~2mol%的金属氧化物MO粉末,其中M为Co、Mn、Si中的至少一种。其中,若是SrCO3粉末少量,不能保证Sr元素能够很好地分散在晶界处,则使其无法产生非线性形成的效果,从而压敏电阻的非线性性能较低。若是SrCO3粉末过量,烧结时会产生大量的CO2从而不利于陶瓷的致密化,同样会降低压敏电阻的非线性性能。
在本发明一实施方式中,先以ZnO粉末、SrCO3粉末以及金属氧化物MO粉末(M=Co、Mn、Si)为原料,采用传统固相反应法,具体来说,按照无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片原料组成称量原料并混合均匀,然后进行干燥、煅烧、造粒、压制成型、排胶和烧结,制备得到较好非线性性能的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片。
以下示例性地说明无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的制备方法。
将ZnO粉体、SrCO3粉体以及金属氧化物MO粉体(M=Co、Mn、Si)混合,得到混合粉体。其中,混合的方式包括但不仅限于球磨混合等。其中,球磨混合的转速可为300~400转/分钟,时间可为4~8小时。
将混合粉体再经煅烧,使得各掺杂元素扩散均匀,得到成分均匀的复合粉体。其中,煅烧的温度可为500~600℃。煅烧的时间可为3~8小时。
将复合粉体经压制成型,得到陶瓷生坯。在压制成型之前,在复合粉体中加入粘结剂进行造粒,得到粒径为40~120目的造粒粉体。粘结剂可为聚乙烯醇水溶液(浓度1-10wt%),加入量为复合粉体的5~20wt%。压制成型的压力可为75~200MPa,时间为10~30s。
将陶瓷生坯进行烧结,在烧结过程中发生一系列分解及化合反应(主要是碳酸锶的分解及其与其它氧化物的复合),得到氧化锌电阻陶瓷材料。烧结的温度可1100℃以上,优选为1100~1300℃。烧结时间可为1~4小时,优选为1.5~3小时。烧结的升温速率可为2~10℃/分钟。
作为示例,在一优选的实施例中,上述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,按摩尔百分比计,包括如下组分:ZnO(97mol%),SrCO3(3mol%)。
在另一优选的实施例中,上述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,按摩尔百分比计,包括如下组分:ZnO(98mol%),SrCO3(1mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%)。
在另一优选的实施例中,上述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,按摩尔百分比计,包括如下组分:ZnO(97mol%),SrCO3(2mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%)。
在另一优选的实施例中,上述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,按摩尔百分比计,包括如下组分:ZnO(96mol%),SrCO3(3mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%)。
在另一优选的实施例中,上述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,按摩尔百分比计,包括如下组分:ZnO(95mol%),SrCO3(4mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%)。
在又一优选的实施例中,上述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,按摩尔百分比计,包括如下组分:ZnO(99.8mol%),SrCO3(0.2mol%)。
采用BS1501温度伏安特性测试系统测试了所得氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的伏安特性,通过其伏安特性计算出所得氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的非线性系数为3.6~46.4,压敏电场在99~505V/mm之间,漏电流密度在0.013~0.59mA/cm2。采用密度测试仪测试所得铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的致密度为90.7~97.1%。
下面进一步列举实施例以详细说明本发明。同样应理解,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例,即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适的范围内选择,而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。
实施例1
本实施例1的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的原料组成包括:ZnO(97mol%),SrCO3(3mol%),各组分摩尔分数比之和为100mol%。
将上述物料一起放入尼龙罐内,采用氧化锆球或不锈钢球,在行星球磨机中以水作为介质进行湿磨,转速350rpm,料球比3:1,球磨6h;磨好的浆料在120℃下烘干,再过四十目筛网在560℃下煅烧30分钟,得到氧化锌复合粉体,煅烧后的氧化锌复合粉体再过40目的筛网,加入10wt%的粘结剂(PVA,含量为5wt%),进行造粒,造粒后粉料粒径控制40~120目之间。造粒后的粉料进行压制,采用150Mpa的压力,保压10s,压制生坯的厚度约为1.5mm,直径约为12mm,成型后排胶,陶瓷生坯从室温以5℃/min升高至1100~1300℃,保温2小时后随炉冷却,获得无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片。
本实施例1中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的致密度为95.0%,压敏电场为99V/mm,非线性系数为6.3,漏电流密度为0.30mA/cm2
实施例2
本实施例2的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的原料组成包括:ZnO(98mol%),SrCO3(1mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%),各组分摩尔分数比之和为100mol%。
实验条件如实施例1中所述操作,本实施例1中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的致密度为97.1%,压敏电场为220V/mm,非线性系数为24.5,漏电流密度为0.38mA/cm2
实施例3
本实施例3的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的原料组成包括:ZnO(97mol%),SrCO3(2mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%),各组分摩尔分数比之和为100mol%。
实验条件如实施例1中所述操作,本实施例1中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的致密度为96.8%,压敏电场为413V/mm,非线性系数为46.4,漏电流密度为0.013mA/cm2
实施例4
本实施例4的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的原料组成包括:ZnO(96mol%),SrCO3(3mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%),各组分摩尔分数比之和为100mol%。
实验条件如实施例1中所述操作,本实施例1中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的致密度为94.9%,压敏电场为246V/mm,非线性系数为24.3,漏电流密度为0.045mA/cm2
实施例5
本实施例5中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的制备过程参照实施例1,区别在于:ZnO(95mol%),SrCO3(4mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%),各组分摩尔分数比之和为100mol%。
本实施例5中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的致密度为92.1%,压敏电场为307V/mm,非线性系数为5.7,漏电流密度为0.39mA/cm2
实施例6
本实施例6中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的制备过程参照实施例1,区别在于:ZnO(99.8mol%),SrCO3(0.2mol%),各组分摩尔分数比之和为100mol%。
本实施例6中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的致密度为95.5%,压敏电场为505V/mm,非线性系数为3.6,漏电流密度为0.59mA/cm2
对比例1
本对比例1中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的制备过程参照实施例1,区别在于:ZnO(98.9mol%),SrCO3(0.1mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%),各组分摩尔分数比之和为100mol%。
本对比例1中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的致密度为96.5%,压敏电场为204V/mm,非线性系数为3.9,漏电流密度为0.48mA/cm2
对比例2
本对比例2中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的制备过程参照实施例1,区别在于:ZnO(94mol%),SrCO3(5mol%),Co3O4(0.5mol%),MnO2(0.5mol%),各组分摩尔分数比之和为100mol%。
本对比例2中无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的致密度为87.3%,压敏电场为75V/mm,非线性系数为2.8,漏电流密度为0.55mA/cm2
表1:
Figure BDA0002739426280000061
Figure BDA0002739426280000071

Claims (10)

1.一种无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,其特征在于,所述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片由ZnO、SrO和金属M的氧化物的复合相组成,其中M为Co、Mn、Si中的至少一种;所述ZnO的含量为94 mol%~99.8 mol%,所述SrO和金属M的氧化物的总含量为0.2mol%~6mol%,所述金属M的氧化物的总含量为0~2 mol%;各组分摩尔含量之和为100mol%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,其特征在于,所述SrO的含量为0.2mol%~4mol%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片,其特征在于,所述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的非线性系数为3.6~46.4。
4.一种权利要求1-3中任一项所述的无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将ZnO粉末、SrCO3粉末以及金属M的氧化物粉末按一定比例混合,得到混合粉末;
(2)将所得混合粉体在500~600℃下煅烧,得到复合粉体;
(3)将复合粉体中加入粘结剂进行造粒,得到粒径为40~120目的造粒粉体;
(4)将所得复合粉体经压制成型后,在1100℃以上烧结1~4小时,得到所述无铋氧化锌压敏电阻陶瓷片。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述混合的方式为球磨混合,球磨混合的转速为300~400转/分钟,时间为4~8小时。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述煅烧的时间为3~8小时。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,所述粘结剂为聚乙烯醇水溶液,浓度为1~10wt%,加入量为复合粉体的5~20 wt%。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,所述压制成型的压力为75~200MPa,保压时间为10~30秒。
9.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结的温度为1100~1300℃,时间为1.5~3小时。
10.根据权利要求4-9中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结的升温速率为2~10℃/分钟。
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