CN112314155A

CN112314155A - Potato digging and impurity removing machine

Info

Publication number: CN112314155A
Application number: CN202011158582.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张春平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-10-26
Filing date: 2020-10-26
Publication date: 2021-02-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato digging and hair impurity removing machine, which comprises a vine cutting machine and a lifting device, and also comprises a frame, a digging plough head, a climbing groove, a first stem-potato separator, a roller front frame, a gear cover, a first motor, a potato-soil separating cylinder, a roller rear frame and a sorting device, wherein the first stem-potato separator and the second stem-potato separator respectively comprise a separating shaft sleeve, a separating rod and a spring, the potato-soil separating cylinder comprises a roller, a front toothed ring, a rear toothed ring and a spiral guide bar, the sorting device comprises a second motor, a power chain wheel, a conveying roller, a conveying bracket, a second chain, a second telescopic rod, a limiting groove, an anti-blocking bracket, an anti-dust box and a split-packing net cage, the invention realizes the full-flow operation of vine separation, potato digging, potato soil separation and potato sorting, realizes the full-flow processing of potato crops, thereby forming reasonable design, simple structure and easy production and manufacture, the potato digging and impurity removing machine has large market potential and high sweet potato picking and harvesting efficiency.

Description

Potato digging and impurity removing machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a potato digging and impurity removing machine.

Background

With the increase of world population, the demand of food is continuously improved, main staple food crops in the world are rice, wheat, corn and potato crops respectively, wherein the potato crop which is one of the most main grain crops has low requirement on land due to high yield and short growth period in the continuous expansion of production and planting scale, and is very suitable for popularization and planting.

At the present stage, potato crops are usually harvested manually, and the potato crops in soil are dug out, cleaned, collected, sorted and bagged for storage through the use of various tools, but the working procedures are usually performed in a single family or a small-scale production collective operation, so that the working strength is very high, the working efficiency is very low, the production activity is often delayed, and economic losses are caused to people, and therefore, a combined harvesting device suitable for small scale is urgently needed to complete the working procedures.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a potato digging and impurity removing machine, which solves the problems that most of the existing sweet potatoes are harvested manually, the labor intensity is high and the harvesting efficiency is low.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a vine digging and impurity removing machine for potatoes comprises a vine cutting machine and a lifting device, and also comprises a rack, a potato digging plough head, a climbing groove, a first stem and potato separator, a roller front frame, a gear cover, a first motor, a potato and soil separating barrel, a roller rear frame and a sorting device, wherein the vine cutting machine is arranged below one side of the rack, the climbing groove is arranged below the middle part of the rack, the potato digging plough head inclines downwards and is arranged at the lower side of the climbing groove, the roller front frame is arranged at the middle part of the rack through a supporting shaft sleeve, the lower parts of the two sides of the roller front frame respectively protrude outwards by a supporting shaft, the supporting shaft sleeve is sleeved on a supporting shaft, the supporting shaft sleeve is positioned at one side of the climbing groove, the first motor is arranged at the upper side of the roller front frame, a power gear is arranged at the end part of a driving shaft of the first motor, the gear cover is arranged at the upper part of the roller front frame and sleeved on the upper part of the, the middle part of the front roller frame is provided with a first stem-potato separator, the first stem-potato separator is positioned between the climbing groove and the front roller frame, two corners of the lower side of the front roller frame are provided with a pair of first supporting rollers, one end of a potato-soil separating cylinder is arranged in the middle of the front roller frame, the potato-soil separating cylinder is in meshing transmission with the power gear and the first supporting rollers, the other end of the potato-soil separating cylinder is arranged in the middle of the rear roller frame, the inner corners of the rear roller frame are respectively provided with a second supporting roller, the second supporting rollers are in rolling connection with the potato-soil separating cylinder, the middle part of the rear roller frame is provided with a second stem-potato separator, the middle parts of the two sides of the rear roller frame are symmetrically provided with supporting rods, the two sides of the rear roller frame are symmetrically provided with first telescopic rods, the first telescopic rods are arranged on the rack, the end parts of the driving rods of the first telescopic rods are rotatably connected, the frame is provided with a lifting device, the lifting device is positioned between the roller rear frame and the sorting device, the second stem-potato separator is positioned between the roller rear frame and the lifting device, and the roller at the tail part of the lifting device and the conveying roller on one side of the sorting device are meshed and driven through a first chain.

As a further scheme of the invention, the first stem-potato separator and the second stem-potato separator respectively comprise a separating shaft sleeve, a separating rod and a spring, the separating shaft sleeves are sleeved on the separating rod, the separating rod is installed on the separating shaft sleeves, the springs are sleeved on the separating rod and are positioned between the separating rod and the separating shaft sleeves, the inner side of the spring is connected with the separating rod in a sliding mode, the outer side of the spring is connected with the separating shaft sleeves in a sliding mode, one end of the spring is installed on the inner wall of the separating shaft sleeve, and the other end of the spring is installed on the separating rod.

According to a further scheme of the invention, the potato and soil separation barrel comprises a roller, a front toothed ring, a rear toothed ring and spiral guide bars, the roller comprises circular rings at two ends and a plurality of straight bars connected with the circular rings at the two ends, the straight bars are uniformly distributed and have an interval of three centimeters to six centimeters, a layer of colloid sleeve wraps the outer side of each straight bar, a plurality of bulges are arranged on the outer side of each colloid sleeve, the height of each bulge is five millimeters to ten millimeters, the front toothed ring is sleeved on the circular ring at one end of the roller, tooth grooves are uniformly carved on the outer ring of the front toothed ring and correspond to the tooth grooves of the power gear one by one, the rear toothed ring is sleeved on the circular ring at the other end of the roller, the colloid ring is sleeved on the outer side of the rear toothed ring, the rear toothed ring is in rolling connection with a second supporting roller, the spiral guide bars are uniformly arranged on the inner side of the roller, two ends of the spiral guide bars are.

As a further scheme of the invention, the sorting device comprises a second motor, a power chain wheel, a transmission roller, a transmission bracket, a second chain, a second telescopic rod, a limiting groove, an anti-blocking bracket, a dust-proof box and a split charging net box, wherein the split charging net box is arranged at the tail part of a frame, the dust-proof box is arranged at the tail part of the frame through a support frame, the dust-proof box is positioned at one side of the top part of the split charging net box and is far away from a lifting device, the second motor is arranged at the middle part in the dust-proof box, the power chain wheel is arranged at the end part of a driving shaft of the second motor, the power chain wheel and the transmission roller close to the power chain wheel are in meshing transmission through the chain, a pair of second telescopic rods is arranged at the bottom part of the dust-proof box, a driving rod of the second telescopic rods is fixedly connected with one side of the anti-blocking bracket, a plurality of protruding columns are respectively arranged at, the middle part of the outer side of the dust-proof box is provided with a conveying support, the conveying support is provided with a plurality of conveying rollers, and the conveying rollers are meshed for transmission through a second chain.

As a further scheme of the invention, the separating rods are in threaded connection with the separating shaft sleeve, a plurality of iron wires are inserted into the separating rods on the first stem-potato separator, the diameter of each iron wire is between one millimeter and two millimeters, a plurality of colloid salient points are further arranged on the separating rods on the second stem-potato separator, each colloid salient point is cylindrical, the diameter of a circle of the section of each cylinder is between five millimeters and ten millimeters, the height of each cylinder is between four centimeters and eight centimeters, the distance between every two separating rods is between seven centimeters and fourteen centimeters, and the length of each separating rod is sequentially reduced from the middle to two sides.

As a further scheme of the invention, the middle part of the colloid ring of the outer ring of the rear gear ring is inwards sunken to form a groove, the section of the groove is semicircular, the outer side of the second supporting roller is outwards protruded to form a semicircle and is mutually attached to the groove, the side edges of two ends of the spiral guide strip are in arc shapes, the colloid strip is bonded on the outer side of the spiral guide strip, the thickness of the spiral guide strip is one millimeter to three millimeters, and the width of the spiral guide strip is eight centimeters to thirteen centimeters.

As a further scheme of the invention, the split charging net cages are sequentially arranged into four net cages from the area close to the lifting device, the net cage close to the lifting device is named as a minimum net cage, and is named as a medium-small net cage, a medium-large net cage and a maximum net cage, all the net cages are independently arranged, and the net cages are installed together through a mounting frame.

As a further scheme of the invention, the conveying rollers are sequentially divided into four areas from one side close to the lifting device to the other side far away from the conveying support, the four areas are in one-to-one correspondence with the net cages of the split charging net cages and are named as a minimum area, a middle area and a maximum area, the conveying rollers are arranged in parallel, the distance between the conveying rollers in each area is the same, the distance between the conveying rollers is gradually increased from the minimum area to the maximum area, the outer sides of the conveying rollers are sleeved with the colloid sleeves, a plurality of protruding blocks are arranged on the outer sides of the colloid sleeves, two ends of the conveying rollers are respectively provided with double layers of gear grains, and the gear grains are mutually meshed with the second.

As a further scheme of the invention, a plurality of cross rods are vertically arranged on the anti-blocking support, each cross rod is respectively inserted between each pair of conveying rollers, the distance between each pair of cross rods corresponds to the distance between each pair of conveying rollers one by one, a colloidal layer is arranged on the outer side of each cross rod, two sides of the anti-blocking support are respectively provided with a leakage-proof plate, and the distance between the leakage-proof plates is larger than the length of the conveying rollers and smaller than the width of the split charging net box.

As a further scheme of the invention, the operating method of the potato digging and impurity removing machine comprises the following steps:

step one, digging potato crops: firstly, cutting plant stalks on the surface layer by a vine cutting machine, digging a potato plough to break soil, conveying potato crops communicated soil blocks and stalk residues to a climbing groove, and conveying the potato crops communicated soil blocks and the stalk residues to a potato soil separating cylinder;

step two, filtering the tuber crops: plant stems in the mixed material are selected and removed through a first stem-potato separator, and the potato crops and part of soil blocks are left in a potato-soil separating cylinder;

step three, potato soil separation: the potato and soil separating cylinder is driven by the first motor and the power gear to separate soil blocks from potato crops, the potato crops are continuously pushed inwards by the spiral guide strips and are conveyed to the lifting device, and the potato crops are conveyed to the sorting device by the lifting device;

step four: sorting potatoes: the potato crops are continuously conveyed through the conveying rollers, the potato crops sequentially drop to the respective net cages from small to large according to the distance between the conveying rollers, the anti-blocking support is periodically moved up and down by the second telescopic rod, and the potato crops clamped between the conveying rollers are jacked up to be continuously conveyed.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: firstly removing vines on the soil surface of the potato crops through a vine cutting machine, then digging out the potato crops together with soil blocks through a digging plough head, and then conveying the potato crops and the soil blocks into a potato-soil separating cylinder through a climbing groove, wherein the vines are further removed through a first potato separator, then the soil blocks are separated from the potato crops through the potato-soil separating cylinder, the potato-soil separating cylinder continuously rotates, a spiral guide strip continuously rotates along with the spiral guide strip, the potato crops are conveyed to a lifting device, the potato crops are conveyed to a sorting device through the lifting device for sorting, a second motor drives a power chain wheel to further drive all conveying rollers to rotate, so that the potato crops are continuously conveyed and sorted, the space between the conveying rollers is continuously enlarged, the sizes of the potato crops falling from the conveying rollers are also larger and larger, sorting is realized, a second chain drives the lifting device to operate, and device parts are reduced, the vine and vine separating machine has the advantages that the repairing difficulty is reduced, the full-flow operation of vine and vine separation, potato digging, potato soil separation and potato sorting is realized, and the full-flow processing of potato crops is realized, so that the potato digging and impurity removing machine with reasonable design, simple structure, easiness in production and manufacture, large market potential and high sweet potato picking and harvesting efficiency is formed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the present invention with the potato digging plow and climbing groove removed;

FIG. 4 is a schematic rear view of the present invention with the lifting mechanism and sorting mechanism removed;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the coupling of the release sleeve, release lever and spring of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a potato soil separating cylinder of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the sorting apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the sorting apparatus of the present invention with the separate packaging boxes removed;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of a distribution of the transfer roll of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the attachment of the transfer roller of the present invention to a second chain;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the anti-seize bracket and cross bar of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a frame; 2. digging a potato plough head; 3. climbing a groove; 4. a first stem-potato separator; 5. a front frame of the roller; 6. a gear cover; 7. a first motor; 8. a potato soil separation cylinder; 9. a drum rear frame; 10. a sorting device; 11. a power gear; 12. separating the shaft sleeve; 13. a separating lever; 14. separating the rods; 15. a first support roller; 16. a second support roller; 17. a first telescopic rod; 18. a support sleeve; 19. a second motor; 20. a power sprocket; 21. a conveying roller; 22. a delivery carriage; 23. a second chain; 24. a second telescopic rod; 25. a limiting groove; 26. an anti-jamming bracket; 27. a dust-proof box; 28. subpackaging the net cages; 29. a drum body; 30. a front toothed ring; 31. a rear toothed ring; 32. a helical conducting bar; 33. a second stalk-potato separator; 34. A vine cutter; 35. a lifting device; 36. a spring; 37. a cross bar; 38. a first chain.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-11, a potato digging and impurity removing machine comprises a vine cutter 34 and a lifting device 35, and comprises a frame 1, a digging plough head 2, a climbing groove 3, a first potato-stem separator 4, a roller front frame 5, a gear cover 6, a first motor 7, a potato-soil separating cylinder 8, a roller rear frame 9 and a sorting device 10, wherein the vine cutter 34 is installed below one side of the frame 1, the climbing groove 3 is installed below the middle of the frame 1, the digging plough head 2 is inclined downwards and installed below the climbing groove 3, the roller front frame 5 is installed at the middle of the frame 1 through a supporting shaft sleeve 18, the lower parts of the two sides of the roller front frame 5 respectively protrude a supporting shaft outwards, the supporting shaft sleeve 18 is sleeved on the supporting shaft, the supporting shaft sleeve 18 is located at one side of the climbing groove 3, the upper side of the roller front frame 5 is installed with the first motor 7, the end part of a driving shaft of the first motor 7 is provided with a power gear 11, the gear cover 6 is arranged on the upper part of the roller front frame 5 and sleeved on the upper part of the power gear 11, the power gear 11 penetrates through the upper part of the roller front frame 5 and is rotatably connected with the upper part of the roller front frame 5, the middle part of the roller front frame 5 is provided with a first stem-potato separator 4, the first stem-potato separator 4 is positioned between the climbing groove 3 and the roller front frame 5, two corners of the lower side of the roller front frame 5 are provided with a pair of first supporting rollers 15, one end of the potato-soil separating cylinder 8 is arranged in the middle part of the roller front frame 5, the potato-soil separating cylinder 8 is in meshing transmission with the power gear 11 and the first supporting rollers 15, the other end of the potato-soil separating cylinder 8 is arranged in the middle part of the roller rear frame 9, and the inner corners of the roller rear frame 9 are respectively provided with second supporting rollers 16, the second supporting roller 16 is in rolling connection with the potato soil separating cylinder 8, the second stem-potato separator 33 is mounted in the middle of the roller rear frame 9, support rods are symmetrically arranged in the middle of two sides of the roller rear frame 9, first telescopic rods 17 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the roller rear frame 9, the first telescopic rods 17 are mounted on the rack 1, the end portions of the drive rods of the first telescopic rods 17 are rotatably connected with the support rods of the roller rear frame 9, the sorting device 10 is mounted at the tail of the rack 1, the lifting device 35 is mounted on the rack 1, the lifting device 35 is located between the roller rear frame 9 and the sorting device 10, the second stem-potato separator 33 is located between the roller rear frame 9 and the lifting device 35, the roller body 29 at the tail of the lifting device 35 and the conveying roller 21 on one side of the sorting device 10 are in meshing transmission through a first chain 38, vines of potato crops are harvested through the vines cutter 34, digging a potato plough head 2 to insert into a growing soil layer of potato crops, digging out the potato crops and soil blocks and conveying the potato crops and the soil blocks to a climbing groove 3, removing redundant vines and stems through a first potato separator 4, conveying the potato crops and a small amount of soil blocks to a potato-soil separating cylinder 8, driving the potato-soil separating cylinder 8 to rotate under the driving of a first motor 7 and a power gear 11 so as to drive the potato crops and the soil blocks attached to the potato crops to separate, naturally falling down, conveying the potato crops to a lifting device 35 under the driving of the potato-soil separating cylinder 8, rubbing down the soil blocks on the surface of the potato crops by a second potato separator 33, further improving the potato-soil separating efficiency, lifting the lifted potato crops to a sorting device 10 by the lifting device 35 to sort the potato crops into minimum, medium and large sizes and maximum sizes in turn, and the first telescopic rod 17 can adjust the inclination angle of the potato-soil separating cylinder 8, thereby adjusting the separation speed, separation effect, etc.

The first stem-potato separator 4 and the second stem-potato separator 33 both comprise a separation shaft sleeve 12, a separation rod 13, a separation rod 14 and springs 36, the separation shaft sleeve 12 is sleeved on the separation rod 13, the separation rod 14 is installed on the separation shaft sleeve 12, the springs 36 are sleeved on the separation rod 13, the springs 36 are located between the separation rod 13 and the separation shaft sleeve 12, the inner side of each spring 36 is slidably connected with the separation rod 13, the outer side of each spring 36 is slidably connected with the separation shaft sleeve 12, one end of each spring 36 is installed on the inner wall of the separation shaft sleeve 12, the other end of each spring 36 is installed on the separation rod 13, and the elasticity of each spring 36 is adjustable, so that the separation rod 14 can reset and continuously remove vines such as stems.

The potato and soil separating cylinder 8 comprises a cylinder body 29, a front toothed ring 30, a rear toothed ring 31 and spiral guide strips 32, wherein the cylinder body 29 comprises circular rings at two ends and a plurality of straight rods connected with the circular rings at the two ends, the straight rods are uniformly distributed and have an interval between three centimeters and six centimeters, the outer side of each straight rod is wrapped by a layer of colloid sleeve, a plurality of bulges are arranged on the outer side of each colloid sleeve, the height of each bulge is between five millimeters and ten millimeters, the front toothed ring 30 is sleeved on the circular ring at one end of the cylinder body 29, tooth sockets are uniformly carved on the outer ring of the front toothed ring 30 and correspond to the tooth sockets of the power gear 11 one by one, the rear toothed ring 31 is sleeved on the circular ring at the other end of the cylinder body 29, the outer side of the rear toothed ring 31 is sleeved with a colloid ring, the rear toothed ring 31 is in rolling connection with the second supporting roller 16, and the spiral guide strips 32 are uniformly arranged on the, the both ends of spiral conducting bar 32 are installed on the ring of cylinder body 29, spiral conducting bar 32 twine the angle and be fifty degrees to seventy degrees, and preceding ring gear 30 and first supporting roller 15 and power gear 11 are spacing each other, avoid leading to the pine to take off because rocking, and cylinder body 29's straight-bar constantly collides with potato class crop, constantly rubs down the soil block on potato class crop surface, and is gapped between the straight-bar simultaneously, makes in the soil block falls back to the soil naturally, and the arch can effectively improve potato soil separation efficiency.

The sorting device 10 comprises a second motor 19, a power chain wheel 20, a conveying roller 21, a conveying support 22, a second chain 23, a second telescopic rod 24, a limiting groove 25, an anti-blocking support 26, a dust-proof box 27 and a sub-packaging net box 28, the sub-packaging net box 28 is installed at the tail of the rack 1, the dust-proof box 27 is installed at the tail of the rack 1 through a supporting frame, the dust-proof box 27 is located at one side of the top of the sub-packaging net box 28 and is far away from a lifting device 35, the second motor 19 is installed at the middle part of the inside of the dust-proof box 27, the power chain wheel 20 is installed at the end part of a driving shaft of the second motor 19, the power chain wheel 20 and the conveying roller 21 which is close to the power chain are meshed for transmission, the second telescopic rod 24 is installed at the bottom of the dust-proof box 27, a driving rod of the second telescopic rod 24 is fixedly connected with one side of, and outstanding post and dust-proof box 27's inner wall sliding connection, outstanding post outside cover is equipped with spacing groove 25 and a plurality of spacing groove 25 and installs in the inside corner department of dust-proof box 27, dust-proof box 27's outside mid-mounting has conveying support 22, install a plurality of transfer roller 21 on the conveying support 22, through the transmission of second chain 23 meshing between two liang of transfer roller 21, second motor 19 drives power sprocket 20, and then drives all transfer roller 21 and rotate to constantly convey and sort the potato class crop, the interval of transfer roller 21 constantly enlarges, and the size of the potato class crop that drops from transfer roller 21 is also bigger and bigger, thereby realizes the letter sorting, and second chain 23 drives hoisting device 35 operation, has reduced the device part, has reduced the degree of difficulty of repairing.

The separating rod 14 is in threaded connection with the separating shaft sleeve 12, a plurality of iron wires are inserted into the separating rod 14 on the first potato separator 4, the diameter of each iron wire is one millimeter to two millimeters, a plurality of colloid salient points are further arranged on the separating rod 14 on the second potato separator 33, the colloid salient points are cylindrical, the diameter of a circle of the section of each colloid salient point is five millimeters to ten millimeters, the height of each colloid salient point is four centimeters to eight centimeters, the distance between the separating rods 14 is seven centimeters to fourteen centimeters, the length of each separating rod 14 is sequentially reduced from the middle to two sides, the separating rods 14 on the first potato separator 4 can remove plant stems such as vines, so that the influence on potato soil separation is reduced, and the second potato separator 33 can rub off soil blocks on potato crops, so that the effect of potato soil separation is improved.

The middle part of the colloid circle of back ring gear 31 outer lane inwards caves in grooving and groove cross-section semicircular in shape, the outside of second supporting roller 16 outwards protrudes semicircular in shape and laminates with the recess each other, the both ends side of spiral conducting bar 32 is circular-arcly, the outside of spiral conducting bar 32 bonds there is the colloid strip, the thickness of spiral conducting bar 32 is one millimeter to three millimeters, the width of spiral conducting bar 32 is eight centimetres to thirteen centimetres, and second supporting roller 16 and back ring gear 31 are spacing each other, prevents that potato soil separating cylinder 8 from taking place to rock or the phenomenon that the pine takes off, and spiral conducting bar 32 constantly promotes potato class crop to hoisting device 35, and the colloid strip in the spiral conducting bar 32 outside can effectively avoid haring the potato class crop.

The split charging net cages 28 are sequentially arranged into four net cages from the area close to the lifting device 35, the net cage close to the lifting device 35 is named as a minimum net cage, and is named as a medium-small net cage, a medium-large net cage and a maximum net cage, the net cages are independently arranged, and the net cages are installed together through a mounting frame.

Conveying roller 21 divide into four districts and with partial shipment box with a net 28's box with a net one-to-one and name minimum district, well big district and biggest district, each in proper order by a side of being close to hoisting device 35 to one side of keeping away from on conveying support 22 conveying roller 21 parallel arrangement, conveying roller 21 in every district is the same each other interval, and the interval of each conveying roller 21 increases from minimum district to the maximum district one by one, the gum cover has been cup jointed in conveying roller 21's the outside, and the gum cover outside is provided with a plurality of protruding pieces, conveying roller 21's both ends are provided with double-deck gear line respectively, and gear line and second chain 23 intermeshing.

The anti-jamming support 26 is vertically provided with a plurality of cross rods 37, each cross rod 37 is respectively inserted between each pair of conveying rollers 21, the distance between each pair of cross rods 37 corresponds to the distance between each pair of conveying rollers 21 one by one, a colloidal layer is arranged on the outer side of each cross rod 37, two sides of the anti-jamming support 26 are respectively provided with an anti-jamming plate, and the distance between the anti-jamming plates is larger than the length of the conveying rollers 21 and smaller than the width of the subpackaging net box 28.

The operating method of the potato digging and impurity removing machine comprises the following steps:

step one, digging potato crops: firstly, plant stalks on the surface layer are cut by a vine cutter 34, then a potato plough head 2 is dug to break the soil, and potato crops communicated soil blocks and stalk residues are conveyed to a climbing groove 3 and then conveyed to a potato soil separating cylinder 8;

step two, filtering the tuber crops: plant stalks in the mixed material are selected and removed through the first stalk-potato separator 4, and the potato crops and partial soil blocks are left in the potato-soil separating cylinder 8;

step three, potato soil separation: the potato and soil separation cylinder 8 is driven by the first motor 7 and the power gear 11 to separate soil blocks from potato crops, the potato crops are continuously pushed inwards by the spiral guide strips 32 and are conveyed to the lifting device 35, and the potato crops are conveyed to the sorting device 10 by the lifting device 35;

step four: sorting potatoes: the potato crops are continuously conveyed through the conveying rollers 21, the potato crops sequentially drop to the respective net cages from small to large according to the distance between the conveying rollers 21, the anti-blocking support 26 is periodically moved up and down by the second telescopic rod 24, and the potato crops clamped between the conveying rollers 21 are jacked up to be continuously conveyed.

In the using process of the invention, firstly, the vines on the soil surface of the potato crops are removed through the vines cutter 34, then the potato crops and soil blocks are dug out through the digging plough head 2, then the potato crops and the soil blocks are conveyed into the potato-soil separating cylinder 8 through the climbing groove 3, wherein firstly, the vines are further removed through the first potato-soil separator 4, then the soil blocks are separated from the potato crops through the potato-soil separating cylinder 8, the potato-soil separating cylinder 8 continuously rotates, the spiral guide strips 32 also continuously rotate along with the rotation, the potato crops are conveyed to the lifting device 35, the potato crops are conveyed to the sorting device 10 for sorting through the lifting device 35, the second motor 19 drives the power chain wheel 20 to further drive all the conveying rollers 21 to rotate, so that the potato crops are continuously conveyed and sorted, the space between the conveying rollers 21 is continuously enlarged, the sizes of the potato crops falling from the conveying rollers 21 are also increased, therefore, sorting is realized, the second chain 23 drives the lifting device 35 to operate, the parts of the device are reduced, and the repairing difficulty is reduced.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation and a specific orientation configuration and operation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate member, or they may be connected through two or more elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vine digging and impurity removing machine comprises a vine cutting machine (34) and a lifting device (35), and is characterized by comprising a rack (1), a potato digging plough head (2), a climbing groove (3), a first vine and potato separator (4), a roller front frame (5), a gear cover (6), a first motor (7), a potato and soil separating cylinder (8), a roller rear frame (9) and a sorting device (10), wherein the vine cutting machine (34) is installed below one side of the rack (1), the climbing groove (3) is installed below the middle of the rack (1), the potato digging plough head (2) inclines downwards and is installed at the lower side of the climbing groove (3), the roller front frame (5) is installed at the middle of the rack (1) through a supporting shaft sleeve (18), supporting shafts respectively protrude outwards from the lower parts of two sides of the roller front frame (5), and the supporting shaft sleeve (18) is sleeved on the supporting shafts, the support shaft sleeve (18) is positioned on one side of the climbing groove (3), a first motor (7) is installed on the upper side of the roller front frame (5), a power gear (11) is installed at the end part of a drive shaft of the first motor (7), the gear cover (6) is installed on the upper part of the roller front frame (5) and sleeved on the upper part of the power gear (11), the power gear (11) penetrates through the upper part of the roller front frame (5) and is rotatably connected with the upper part of the roller front frame (5), a first potato stem separator (4) is installed in the middle of the roller front frame (5), the first potato stem separator (4) is positioned between the climbing groove (3) and the roller front frame (5), a pair of first support rollers (15) is installed at two corners of the lower side of the roller front frame (5), one end of the potato soil separation barrel (8) is installed in the middle of the roller front frame (5), and potato soil separating cylinder (8) and power gear (11) and first supporting roller (15) meshing transmission, the middle part at cylinder after-frame (9) is installed to the other end of potato soil separating cylinder (8), second supporting roller (16) is installed respectively to the inside corner department of cylinder after-frame (9), second supporting roller (16) and potato soil separating cylinder (8) roll connection, the mid-mounting of cylinder after-frame (9) has second stem potato separator (33), the bilateral middle part symmetry of cylinder after-frame (9) is provided with the bracing piece, the bilateral symmetry of cylinder after-frame (9) is provided with first telescopic link (17), first telescopic link (17) are installed on frame (1), and the actuating lever tip of first telescopic link (17) rotates with the bracing piece of cylinder after-frame (9) to be connected, sorting device (10) is installed to the afterbody of frame (1), install hoisting device (35) on frame (1), hoisting device (35) are located between cylinder after-poppet (9) and sorting device (10), second stem potato separator (33) are located between cylinder after-poppet (9) and hoisting device (35), cylinder body (29) of hoisting device (35) afterbody and transfer roller (21) of sorting device (10) one side are through first chain (38) meshing transmission.

2. The potato digging and impurity removing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said first and second potato separators (4, 33) includes a separating shaft sleeve (12), a separating rod (13), a separating rod (14) and a spring (36), said separating shaft sleeves (12) are sleeved on said separating rod (13), said separating rod (14) is mounted on said separating shaft sleeve (12), said springs (36) are sleeved on said separating rod (13) and said springs (36) are located between said separating rod (13) and said separating shaft sleeve (12), said inner side of said springs (36) is slidably connected with said separating rod (13), and outer side is slidably connected with said separating shaft sleeve (12), one end of said springs (36) is mounted on inner wall of said separating shaft sleeve (12), and another end of said springs (36) is mounted on said separating rod (13).

3. The potato digging and impurity removing machine according to claim 1, wherein the potato soil separating cylinder (8) comprises a roller body (29), a front toothed ring (30), a rear toothed ring (31) and spiral guide bars (32), the roller body (29) comprises circular rings at two ends and a plurality of straight rods connected with the circular rings at two ends, the straight rods are uniformly distributed and have a distance of three centimeters to six centimeters, a layer of colloid sleeve is wrapped on the outer side of each straight rod, a plurality of bulges are arranged on the outer side of each colloid sleeve, the height of each bulge is five millimeters to ten millimeters, the front toothed ring (30) is sleeved on the circular ring at one end of the roller body (29), tooth grooves are uniformly carved on the outer ring of the front toothed ring (30) and correspond to the tooth grooves of the power gears (11) one by one, the rear toothed ring (31) is sleeved on the circular ring at the other end of the roller body (29), and a colloid ring is sleeved on the outer side of the rear toothed ring (31), the rear toothed ring (31) is in rolling connection with the second supporting roller (16), the spiral guide strips (32) are uniformly arranged on the inner side of the roller body (29), two ends of each spiral guide strip (32) are arranged on a circular ring of the roller body (29), and the winding angle of each spiral guide strip (32) is fifty degrees to seventy degrees.

4. The potato digging and impurity removing machine according to claim 1, wherein the sorting device (10) comprises a second motor (19), a power chain wheel (20), a conveying roller (21), a conveying bracket (22), a second chain (23), a second telescopic rod (24), a limiting groove (25), an anti-blocking bracket (26), a dust-proof box (27) and a sub-packaging net box (28), the sub-packaging net box (28) is installed at the tail part of the machine frame (1), the dust-proof box (27) is installed at the tail part of the machine frame (1) through a supporting frame, the dust-proof box (27) is located at one side of the top part of the sub-packaging net box (28) and is far away from the lifting device (35), the second motor (19) is installed at the middle part in the dust-proof box (27), the power chain wheel (20) is installed at the end part of a driving shaft of the second motor (19), the power chain wheel (20) is in chain engagement transmission with the conveying roller (21) close to the, a pair of the bottom at dust-proof box (27) is installed in second telescopic link (24), one side fixed connection of the actuating lever of second telescopic link (24) and anti-sticking support (26), the tail end both sides of anti-sticking support (26) are provided with a plurality of outstanding posts respectively, and the inner wall sliding connection of outstanding post and dust-proof box (27), outstanding post outside cover is equipped with spacing groove (25) and a plurality of spacing groove (25) and installs in dust-proof box (27) inside corner department, the outside mid-mounting of dust-proof box (27) has conveying support (22), install a plurality of transfer rollers (21) on conveying support (22), transfer roller (21) are through second chain (23) meshing transmission between two liang.

5. The potato digging and impurity removing machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the separating rod (14) is in threaded connection with a separating shaft sleeve (12), a plurality of iron wires are inserted into the separating rod (14) on the first potato stem separator (4), the diameter of the iron wires is between one millimeter and two millimeters, a plurality of colloid salient points are further arranged on the separating rod (14) on the second potato stem separator (33), the colloid salient points are cylindrical, the diameter of a circle of the cross section of the cylinder is between five millimeters and ten millimeters, the height of the colloid salient points is between four centimeters and eight centimeters, the distance between the separating rods (14) is between seven centimeters and fourteen centimeters, and the length of the separating rods (14) is sequentially reduced from the middle to two sides.

6. The potato digging and impurity removing machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the middle of the rubber ring of the outer ring of the rear toothed ring (31) is recessed inwards to form a groove, the cross section of the groove is semicircular, the outer side of the second support roller (16) is raised outwards to form a semicircle and is attached to the groove, the side edges of the two ends of the spiral guide strip (32) are arc-shaped, the rubber strip is bonded to the outer side of the spiral guide strip (32), the thickness of the spiral guide strip (32) is one millimeter to three millimeters, and the width of the spiral guide strip (32) is eight centimeters to thirteen centimeters.

7. The potato digging and impurity removing machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein said sub-packaging net cages (28) are sequentially arranged into four net cages from the area close to the lifting device (35), the net cage close to the lifting device (35) is named as a minimum net cage, and is named as a medium and small net cage, a medium and large net cage and a maximum net cage, the net cages are arranged independently from each other, and the net cages are mounted together through a mounting frame.

8. The potato digging impurity removing machine as claimed in claim 7, wherein said conveying rollers (21) are divided into four areas in sequence from a side close to the lifting device (35) to a side far away from the conveying support (22) and are in one-to-one correspondence with the net cages of the sub-packaging net cages (28) and named as a minimum area, a middle area, a maximum area and a maximum area, each of said conveying rollers (21) are arranged in parallel, the intervals between the conveying rollers (21) in each area are the same, the intervals between the conveying rollers (21) are gradually increased from the minimum area to the maximum area, the outer side of the conveying rollers (21) is sleeved with a colloid sleeve, and the outer side of the colloid sleeve is provided with a plurality of raised blocks, two ends of the conveying rollers (21) are respectively provided with double-layer gear patterns, and the gear patterns are meshed with the second chains (23).

9. The potato digging and impurity removing machine as claimed in claim 8, wherein a plurality of cross bars (37) are vertically arranged on the anti-jamming bracket (26), each cross bar (37) is respectively inserted between each pair of conveying rollers (21), the distance between each pair of cross bars (37) corresponds to the distance between each pair of conveying rollers (21), a colloidal layer is arranged outside each cross bar (37), two sides of the anti-jamming bracket (26) are respectively provided with a leakage-proof plate, and the distance between the leakage-proof plates is larger than the length of the conveying rollers (21) and smaller than the width of the sub-packaging net cage (28).

10. The potato digging burr remover as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating method of the potato digging burr remover comprises the steps of:

step one, digging potato crops: firstly, plant stalks on the surface layer are cut by a vine cutter (34), then a potato plough head (2) is dug to break the soil, and potato crops are conveyed to a climbing groove (3) through soil blocks and stalk residues and then conveyed to a potato soil separating cylinder (8);

step two, filtering the tuber crops: plant stems in the mixed material are selected and removed through a first stem-potato separator (4), and the potato crops and part of soil blocks are left in a potato-soil separating cylinder (8);

step three, potato soil separation: the potato soil separation cylinder (8) is driven by the first motor (7) and the power gear (11) to separate soil blocks from potato crops, the potato crops are continuously pushed inwards by the spiral guide strips (32), the potato crops are conveyed to the lifting device (35), and the potato crops are conveyed to the sorting device (10) by the lifting device (35);

step four: sorting potatoes: the potato crops are continuously conveyed through the conveying rollers (21), the potato crops sequentially drop to the respective net cages from small to large according to the distance between the conveying rollers (21), the anti-blocking support (26) is periodically moved up and down by the second telescopic rod (24), and the potato crops clamped between the conveying rollers (21) are jacked up to be continuously conveyed.