CN112301740A - 一种高性能纤维 - Google Patents
一种高性能纤维 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112301740A CN112301740A CN201910714804.0A CN201910714804A CN112301740A CN 112301740 A CN112301740 A CN 112301740A CN 201910714804 A CN201910714804 A CN 201910714804A CN 112301740 A CN112301740 A CN 112301740A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 hydrazine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- PLYTVAFAKDFFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethylmorpholine Chemical compound CC1COCCN1C PLYTVAFAKDFFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
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- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylaldehyde Natural products C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006757 chemical reactions by type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVXRAFOPTSTNLL-NKWVEPMBSA-N 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@H]1CC[C@@H](CO)O1 WVXRAFOPTSTNLL-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical group N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001640002 Malpighia emarginata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014837 Malpighia glabra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/325—Amines
- D06M13/338—Organic hydrazines; Hydrazinium compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高性能纤维的制备方法。所谓高性能是指用本公开的工艺制作的纤维具有阻燃性，抗菌自洁性，抗静电性，吸汗排湿性，抗起球性等多种性能于一身。本发明公开的技术生产的纤维产品不含重金属和卤素及磷类化合物。本发明公开的制备工艺的创新特点是具有交联的结构及含有羧酸(盐)的有机高分子。
Description
1，一种高性能纤维，其特征在于采用含有腈基或适量酰胺基的纤维材料(如腈纶，醋晴纤维，尼龙)与肼类或二胺类化合物经二步交联反应或一步法即可实现。
2，本发明的核心创新点是可加入纤维质量的1一10％的二甲基吗琳为催化剂，且只需二步反应或一步交联反应即可实现。也可不加催化剂而只用碱性氧化物或它们的盐类化合物，仍然是一步反应即可。这一创新点明显优于市场上已授权的其它专利
3，如权利要求1所述的高性能纤维要达到阻燃功能应在肼的反应液中溶入其质量的0，5％到10％的碱性化合物或它们的盐化合物。(本发明专利在实施例中优选氢氧化钠，碳酸钠，碳酸氢钠等化合物)
4.本发明中交联反应的温度为95——195摄氏度
5，如权利要求1——4所述，本发明专利所用肼类化合物或二胺类化合物的固含量为15％-40％
技术领域
本发明涉及高性能多功能纤维领域，具体说涉及到燃烧特点是炭化的高性能纤维领域。本发明公开的技术不含传统的或市场上广为应用的用卤系或磷系添加工艺技术，是全新的反应型工艺技术。又与已经授权的其他反应型专利不同，只需一步反应就可得到所需产品。
背景技术
此前已有多种专利技术公开了高性能纤维的制备方法。但它们总有不尽人意之处：如高温时的熔滴，收缩变型，异味伤人或生产工艺复杂繁琐，日久失效等等。本发明专利所公开的工艺技术则可避免这些不足之处。用本发明公开的工艺生产闩产品燃烧特性是炭化，极限氧指数在30％以上，可达38％。而且还同时具有抗菌自洁，分解生物体异味，抗静电不起球，吸汗排湿等多种功能。最具创新点是只需一步反应即可实现。
应用实施例
本发明的目的是针对市场的需求和现有产品的不足之处提供了一种全新的解决办法。这个将要公开的一步式反应型高性能纤维的生产方法从未有过报道。
具体实施例
做为本发明专利的特点是用含腈基或适量的酰胺基团的纤维与加入了一价，二价或多价的碱性氧化物或它们的氢氧化物和肼类化合物交联反应来实现的。加入少量的二甲基码琳更利于交联反应
取腈纶纤维200克，加入固合量为15％的肼水溶液100克十片状氢氧化钠1克在125度时反应3小时，即得所需产品
取腈纶纤维200克加入固含量为17％的肼十碳酸氢钠10克的水溶液130 克在135度时保温3小时即得所需产品
取腈纶200克加入固含量为20％的肼十碳酸钠2克的水溶液150灭在 120度时反应2，5小时。即得所需产品
取腈纶200克加入固含量为35％的乙二胺与10克碳酸氢钠与1克二甲基吗琳的水溶液150克，在99度时保温3小时，即得所需产品。
取醋晴纤维200克，加入150克含量为20％的水合肼水溶液200克在密封容器内于120度交联反应85分钟，待降到50度时将1％的氢氧化钠水溶液100 克均匀淋在已初步交联的纤维上密封后，在120度时进行二次交联60分钟。即得所需高性能纤维产品。
Claims (7)
1.本发明专利适用于腈基纤维(晴纶纤维)或含腈基的纤维(如醋晴纤维)。
2.本发明所用预氧化浸渍液为肼化合物或二胺类化合物与一价，二价或二价以上的碱或它们的盐化合物与水的混合物。本发明实施例优选钠碱及其盐类的化合物。(如氢氧化钠，碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠)。所用肼类化合物或二胺娄化合物的固含量为15％——40％，所甲碱性氧化物或氢氧化物或它们的盐化合物只需占所用纤维或肼或二胺类液体质量的0.5——10％即可。过多会影响产品的断裂强度而不能实用(如纺纱)。
3.本发明中规定腈基纤维的带液量(浴比)为：纤维∶反应液＝1∶0.45——1。
4.考虑到环保因素，本发明专利规定含腈基纤维预氧化交联反应后的降温速度应控制在每分钟0.1度——0.3度以内。才能得到白色的所述产品。
5.本发明专利公开的交联反应只需一步反应即可，就是把含腈基的纤维与肼类或二胺类化合物与碱或它们的氧化物或盐相溶后加入一起进行交联反应即可产生白色的预氧纤维(丝)。
6.本发明专利把腈基纤维的预氧化温度定为95——195攝氏度。在小于或等于1个大气压下即可。腈基纤维的预氧化交联反应时间在30分钟到180分钟即可。
7.本发明公开的工艺中加入其纤维质量的0.1——5的二甲基吗琳溶剂或同质量份的渗透匀染缓染剂如烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类或相关功能的产品可以有益于交联反应。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN105862389A (zh) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-17 | 河南工程学院 | 一种阻燃腈纶的制备方法 |
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