CN112299899A - Organic water fertilizer for oranges and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Organic water fertilizer for oranges and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112299899A
CN112299899A CN202011254037.9A CN202011254037A CN112299899A CN 112299899 A CN112299899 A CN 112299899A CN 202011254037 A CN202011254037 A CN 202011254037A CN 112299899 A CN112299899 A CN 112299899A
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fertilizer
water
parts
organic
molasses
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蒋运宁
邓崇岭
陈传武
付慧敏
刘升球
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Guangxi Academy Of Specialty Crops
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers

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Abstract

The invention relates to an organic water fertilizer for citrus and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: step one, respectively weighing the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of molasses, 150 parts of peanut bran, 200 parts of leavening agent and 1000 parts of water; putting the weighed molasses, peanut bran and leavening agent into a fermentation tank, then adding the weighed water, and uniformly stirring to ferment and obtain an organic liquid fertilizer; and step three, diluting the organic liquid fertilizer with water during application. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method uses molasses which is a waste product of a sugar refinery as a main raw material, has low cost and simple production process, can realize the recycling of resources, can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, reduce the production cost, protect the natural ecological environment, provide a material basis for the production of pollution-free, green and organic foods, and achieve the purposes of saving cost and improving efficiency.

Description

Organic water fertilizer for oranges and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to an organic water fertilizer for oranges and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The citrus industry in China has rapidly developed in the last decade, and the planting area of citrus in China is 260.04 ten thousand hm in 20172The yield is 3817 ten thousand t, and the area and the yield are at the first place of the world. Commercial fertilizers are generally relied on in citrus production in China, but long-term application of chemical fertilizers has adverse effects on soil, environment and fruit quality. China is a big agricultural country and also a big country for producing and using chemical fertilizers, the total yield and the application amount of the chemical fertilizers in China currently account for the first world, in the production of oranges, quick-acting commodity chemical fertilizers are applied in large quantities, most of citrus gardens only pay attention to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macroelement fertilizers, the reasonable matching of organic fertilizers and medium and trace element fertilizers is ignored, the long-term excessive application of the chemical fertilizers easily causes soil acidification hardening, nutrient structure disorder and soil fertility reduction, and finally citrus tree nutrition disorder, yield and quality reduction are caused. The excessive application of chemical fertilizer can cause serious agricultural non-point source pollution, so that the natural ecological environment is damaged. Around the agricultural chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction, the strategic goals of ' two controls and three reductions ' are provided by the Ministry of agriculture, and a ' zero growth action scheme of chemical fertilizer usage until 2020 and a ' zero growth action scheme of pesticide usage until 2020 ' are formulated, so that the aims of greatly promoting the reduction and the efficiency improvement of chemical fertilizers and the reduction and the harm control of pesticides are achieved, and the way of modern agricultural development with high efficiency, product safety, resource saving and environmental friendliness is actively explored.
Since the world trade organization was added in china, citrus and its processed products have been continuously exposed to green barriers in developed countries and regions such as europe, the usa and japan. With the improvement of living standard, people in China pay more and more attention to the quality and safety of fruits, and the production technology of green and pollution-free fruits is gradually popularized and popularized. The organic fertilizer contains rich organic matters and mineral nutrient elements, has the advantages of comprehensive nutrients, difficult loss, lasting fertilizer efficiency and the like, and has good effect of improving the soil structure and physicochemical conditions. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizer is highly valued, balanced fertilization is vigorously advocated and promoted, and the yield, quality and safety of oranges are improved, so that the demands of people on high-quality and safe fruits are met, and the market competitiveness of the fruits in China is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In summary, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an organic water fertilizer for citrus and a preparation method thereof, wherein waste molasses generated in the production process of a sugar refinery is utilized, peanut bran, a leavening agent and water are added to the waste molasses, and the waste molasses is fermented and matured into the organic water fertilizer which is added with water according to a certain proportion for application. By fermenting and decomposing molasses and peanut bran, organic matters are converted into nutrients which can be absorbed by citrus root systems, the nutrients are comprehensive, the requirements of citrus on the nutrients in various growth and development periods can be met, and the yield and the quality of the citrus can be effectively improved.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: an organic water fertilizer for citrus comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of molasses, 150 parts of peanut bran, 200 parts of leavening agent and 1000 parts of water.
The preparation method of the organic water fertilizer for citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, respectively weighing the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of molasses, 150 parts of peanut bran, 200 parts of leavening agent and 1000 parts of water;
putting the weighed molasses, peanut bran and leavening agent into a fermentation tank, then adding the weighed water, and uniformly stirring to ferment and obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;
and step three, diluting the organic liquid fertilizer with water during application.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows:
further, fermenting for 2-3 months in a sealed state at normal temperature in the second step.
Further, after the organic liquid fertilizer is diluted by adding water in the third step, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macroelement and medium and trace element fertilizers with preset weight can be added according to the requirement for application.
Further, the organic liquid fertilizer is diluted by 150 times by adding water when being applied in the third step.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method uses molasses which is a waste product of a sugar refinery as a main raw material, has low cost and simple production process, can realize the recycling of resources, can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, reduce the production cost, protect the natural ecological environment, provide a material basis for the production of pollution-free, green and organic foods, and achieve the purposes of saving cost and improving efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with specific examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a preparation method of an organic water fertilizer for citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively weighing the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of molasses, 150 parts of peanut bran, 0.8 part of leavening agent and 1000 parts of water;
putting the weighed molasses, peanut bran and leavening agent into a fermentation tank, then adding the weighed water, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 2 months under the conditions of a sealed state and normal temperature to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;
and step three, diluting the organic liquid fertilizer by 150 times by adding water during application, or adding the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macroelement and medium and trace element fertilizers with preset weights after dilution according to needs for application.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, a preparation method of an organic water fertilizer for citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively weighing the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of molasses, 175 parts of peanut bran, 0.9 part of leavening agent and 1000 parts of water;
putting the weighed molasses, peanut bran and leavening agent into a fermentation tank, then adding the weighed water, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 2.5 months under the conditions of a sealed state and normal temperature to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;
and step three, diluting the organic liquid fertilizer by 150 times by adding water during application, or adding the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macroelement and medium and trace element fertilizers with preset weights after dilution according to needs for application.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, a preparation method of an organic water fertilizer for citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively weighing the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of molasses, 200 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of leavening agent and 1000 parts of water;
putting the weighed molasses, peanut bran and leavening agent into a fermentation tank, then adding the weighed water, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 3 months under the conditions of a sealed state and normal temperature to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;
and step three, diluting the organic liquid fertilizer by 150 times by adding water during application, or adding the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macroelement and medium and trace element fertilizers with preset weights after dilution according to needs for application.
The results of examining the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials and the products of the organic fertilizers obtained in examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1. When the organic water fertilizer is used, according to the tree vigor of citrus trees and the nutrient requirements of the citrus in each growth and development period, the specific conditions of soil detection, leaf analysis and the like can be conditionally combined, on the basis of the organic water fertilizer, macroelement and medium-trace element fertilizers are properly added for use, and the methods of scientific fertilization, accurate fertilization, formula fertilization and balanced fertilization are adopted, so that the purposes of saving cost and improving the efficiency and the yield and the quality of the citrus are achieved.
TABLE 1 results of physical and chemical properties test of organic water fertilizer and main material (molasses) of the present invention
Figure BDA0002772527600000041
Figure BDA0002772527600000051
The inspection basis is as follows:
NY/T1977-2010 determination of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of water-soluble fertilizer
NY/T2541-2014 determination of phosphorus content of fertilizer
NY 525 and 2012 organic fertilizer
NY/T1973-2010 determination of content of water-insoluble substances in water-soluble fertilizer
NY/T1978-2010 determination of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium contents in fertilizer
NY/T1974-
NY/T1971-2010 determination of humic acid content of water-soluble fertilizer
NY/T1975-2010 determination of content of free amino acid in water-soluble fertilizer
NY/T1976-2010 determination of organic matter content of water-soluble fertilizer
NY/T1117-2010 determination of calcium, magnesium, sulfur and chlorine contents in water-soluble fertilizer
Test control
Test 1: the organic water fertilizer obtained in the example 1 is diluted by 150 times by adding water, and 0.2 percent of urea is added according to the diluted weight for spraying.
Test 2: the organic water fertilizer obtained in the example 2 is diluted by 150 times by adding water, 0.1 percent of urea and 0.1 percent of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer are added according to the diluted weight for spraying on the young trees of the citrus of 3-4 years.
Test 3: the organic water fertilizer obtained in the example 3 is diluted by 150 times by adding water, and 0.2% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is added according to the diluted weight for spraying.
Test 4: the organic water fertilizer obtained in the example 1 is diluted by 150 times by adding water, and 0.3% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is added according to the diluted weight for spraying.
Appropriate amounts of medium and trace element fertilizers were added to the above tests 1-4.
And (3) comparison test: the test is carried out in a 5-year-old hovenia dulcis anvil Shatang orange orchard in New Town of Guangxi Zhuang county, autonomous region of Guangxi Zhuang province, the row spacing is 1.7m multiplied by 2.5m, 157 plants/mu are planted on the flat land, the soil is rice soil, and the conventional management is carried out. Soil detection is carried out before a test, the content of organic matters in the soil is 22.3g/kg, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 97.9mg/kg, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 28.4mg/kg, the content of quick-acting potassium is 82.2mg/kg, the content of exchangeable calcium is 16.6cmol/kg, the content of exchangeable magnesium is 1.88cmol/kg, the content of effective iron is 216.0mg/kg, the content of effective manganese is 6.29mg/kg, the content of effective copper is 2.32mg/kg, the content of effective zinc is 2.58mg/kg, the content of effective boron is 0.36mg/kg, and the pH value is 5..
(1) The experiment was repeated 3 times with 52 plants per cell, randomized. Treatment 1 used the example 3 formulation, treatment 2 used the example 4 formulation, and treatment 3 (control) was a conventional fertilizer application. Except that the 3 fertilization methods of the experimental design are different, other farming management methods in the experimental area are consistent.
(2) Fertilization time and dosage: the fertilizer is applied 4 times a year, namely, pre-sprout fertilizer (late 2 months), fruit stabilizing fertilizer (4 middle months), autumn tip-attacking and strong fruit fertilizer (late 7 months) and strong tip-attacking and strong fruit fertilizer (9 middle months). Treatment 1: diluting the organic water fertilizer by 150 times by adding water, adding 0.2% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer according to the diluted weight, and spraying 50kg of diluted water fertilizer to each plant each time; and (3) treatment 2: diluting the organic water fertilizer by 150 times by adding water, adding 0.3% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer according to the diluted weight, and spraying 50kg of diluted water fertilizer to each plant each time; treatment 3 (control) conventional fertilization: 300g of ternary compound fertilizer per plant is applied to pre-emergence fertilizer (2 late months), 300g of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer per plant is applied to fruit stabilizing fertilizer (4 middle months), 200g of ternary compound fertilizer per plant and 100g of potassium sulfate per plant are applied to autumn tip strengthening fruit fertilizer (7 late months), 100g of ternary compound fertilizer per plant and 150g of potassium sulfate per plant are applied to strong tip strengthening fruit fertilizer (9 middle months).
(3) The test results show (see tables 2-5): compared with the control, the organic water fertilizer of the invention has the advantages that the yield per mu is respectively increased by 235.5kg and 376.8kg by the treatment 1 and the treatment 2, and the increase respectively reaches 8.77 percent and 14.04 percent; soluble solids are respectively increased by 10.17 percent and 16.95 percent; total sugar increases 12.14% and 24.49%, respectively; titratable acid decreased by 16.88% and 33.77%, respectively; the solid acid ratio is respectively increased by 32.57% and 98.37%; vc increased by 12.50% and 53.75%, respectively. Through cost-benefit accounting, compared with the control, the cost of the fertilizer per mu is respectively reduced by 436.1 yuan and 304.3 yuan for the treatment 1 and the treatment 2; the yield is increased by 847.8 yuan and 1356.5 yuan respectively; the economic benefit per mu is respectively increased by 1283.9 yuan and 1660.8 yuan. Therefore, the organic water fertilizer can obviously improve the yield and the quality of the oranges and achieve the purposes of cost saving and efficiency improvement.
TABLE 2 Effect of organic Water fertilizers of the present invention on Citrus production
Figure BDA0002772527600000071
TABLE 3 Effect of organic Water fertilizers of the present invention on Citrus quality
Figure BDA0002772527600000072
TABLE 4 cost-effectiveness accounting sheet
Figure BDA0002772527600000081
Note: 2000 yuan/ton of molasses, 3600 yuan/ton of peanut bran, 20 yuan/kg of leaven, 4200 yuan/ton of compound fertilizer, 7500 yuan/ton of potassium sulfate, and the production value price is calculated according to 3.6 yuan/kg. The organic water fertilizer is prepared from 1000kg of water, 80kg of molasses, 200kg of peanut bran and 1kg of leaven.
TABLE 5 table of fertilizer consumption and fertilizer decrement (4 fertilization per year)
Figure BDA0002772527600000082
The following conclusion can be obtained through the detection results of the physicochemical properties of the organic water fertilizer and the main raw material (molasses) and the test control data:
the invention has the advantages and technical effects that:
(1) the invention uses sugar mill waste molasses and peanut bran as main raw materials, and converts organic matters into nutrients which can be absorbed by citrus root systems through fermentation and decomposition, and the nutrients are comprehensive. The method has the advantages of simple and feasible preparation process and low cost, can realize the cyclic utilization of resources, changes waste into valuable, and accords with the concept of environmental protection. Through detection and analysis, the contents of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium and other heavy metals and harmful components in the organic water fertilizer and the raw materials are in an allowable range, the organic water fertilizer is safe to use, can be used for green and organic food production, and can be used on other fruits and vegetables besides oranges.
(2) The organic water fertilizer is a complete nutrient fertilizer which is fermented and decomposed and is rich in organic nutrients such as organic matters, amino acids, humic acid and the like, and macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and the like and medium and trace element nutrients, when the organic water fertilizer is used, the organic nutrients, the inorganic nutrients, the macroelements and the medium and trace elements are reasonably matched according to the requirements of oranges on the nutrients in different growth and development periods, and the organic water fertilizer is applied by adopting a spraying or water-fertilizer integrated facility, so that the organic water fertilizer is convenient to apply, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is high, the fertilizer is reduced by 47.84-65.23%, the consumption of commercial fertilizers can be greatly reduced, and the cost-saving.
(3) Compared with a commercial fertilizer, the organic water fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the organic water fertilizer is adopted to carry out a comparative test, the soluble solids of citrus fruits are improved by 10.17-16.95%, the total sugar is improved by 12.14-24.49%, the titratable acid is reduced by 16.88-33.77%, the solid-acid ratio is improved by 32.57-98.37%, and the Vc is improved by 12.50-53.75%; the cost of the fertilizer per mu is reduced by 304.3-436.1 yuan, the yield value is increased by 847.8-1356.5 yuan, and the economic benefit is increased by 1283.9-1660.8 yuan. Therefore, when the organic water fertilizer provided by the invention is used as a top dressing, the citrus fruit trees grown in one year are applied for 4 times, and the yield and the quality of citrus can be obviously improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (5)

1. The organic water fertilizer for citrus is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of molasses, 150 parts of peanut bran, 200 parts of leavening agent and 1000 parts of water.
2. The preparation method of the organic water fertilizer for citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, respectively weighing the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of molasses, 150 parts of peanut bran, 200 parts of leavening agent and 1000 parts of water;
putting the weighed molasses, peanut bran and leavening agent into a fermentation tank, then adding the weighed water, and uniformly stirring to ferment and obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;
and step three, diluting the organic liquid fertilizer with water during application.
3. The method for preparing the organic water fertilizer for citrus according to claim 2, wherein the fermentation is performed for 2-3 months in a sealed state at normal temperature in the second step.
4. The preparation method of the organic liquid fertilizer for citrus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the organic liquid fertilizer is diluted by adding water in the third step, and then the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macroelement and medium-trace element fertilizers with preset weights can be added according to the requirements for application.
5. The method for preparing the organic water fertilizer for citrus according to claim 2, wherein the organic liquid fertilizer is diluted by 150 times with water in the application in the third step.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116573976A (en) * 2023-06-05 2023-08-11 广西大学 Biological water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acid and fulvic acid and preparation method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29906019U1 (en) * 1998-04-06 1999-06-17 Lear, a.s., Brno Liquid fertilizer based on organic waste
CN105924317A (en) * 2016-04-25 2016-09-07 韩德辉 Composite microbial fertilizer, and preparation method and application thereof
CN109053334A (en) * 2018-11-01 2018-12-21 莫大潮 The fermentation process of odorless peanut press pulp fertilizer
CN109422595A (en) * 2017-08-28 2019-03-05 邹亚燕 A kind of composite microbe fertilizer and its preparation method and application
CN110981607A (en) * 2019-11-21 2020-04-10 岭南师范学院 Foliar fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29906019U1 (en) * 1998-04-06 1999-06-17 Lear, a.s., Brno Liquid fertilizer based on organic waste
CN105924317A (en) * 2016-04-25 2016-09-07 韩德辉 Composite microbial fertilizer, and preparation method and application thereof
CN109422595A (en) * 2017-08-28 2019-03-05 邹亚燕 A kind of composite microbe fertilizer and its preparation method and application
CN109053334A (en) * 2018-11-01 2018-12-21 莫大潮 The fermentation process of odorless peanut press pulp fertilizer
CN110981607A (en) * 2019-11-21 2020-04-10 岭南师范学院 Foliar fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116573976A (en) * 2023-06-05 2023-08-11 广西大学 Biological water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acid and fulvic acid and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20210202