CN112293314A - Three-section type cultivation method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish - Google Patents
Three-section type cultivation method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a three-stage type breeding method for improving the mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish; step one, carrying out an indoor industrial culture period; step two, performing temporary culture mating period of the outdoor pond net cages; and step three, carrying out indoor factory natural overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensified cultivation period. The method comprises three-stage cultivation of an indoor factory cultivation period, an outdoor pond net cage temporary cultivation mating period, an indoor factory overwintering period and a prenatal intensified cultivation period; particularly, in the outdoor pond cage temporary breeding mating period, water quality environmental conditions such as similar water temperatures of ponds and sea areas in the key mating period of 10-11 months are fully utilized, measures are taken from technical links such as female and male stocking proportion, water temperature change monitoring, illumination control, shielding object setting, bait feeding and the like, the mating rate of the female parent fish of sebastes schlegeli is improved, and experiments prove that the mating rate of the female parent fish of sebastes schlegeli can reach over 84.0%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish breeding; in particular to a three-stage type breeding method for improving the mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish.
Background
Sebastes schlegeli (sebastes schlegeli;)Sebastes schlegelii) The sebastes is also called black sebastes, belongs to sebastes of sebastes, is widely distributed in offshore rock reef zones of Bohai sea, yellow sea and east sea in China, is also distributed in Japan and Korean coastal areas, is a cold-temperature seabed carnivorous fish, mainly ingests fishes and shellfishes, and has larger food intake on cephalopods and shellfish. The living in the shallow sea water area along the bank in spring and summer and moving to the deep sea in autumn. The fish meat is delicious, has the reputation of 'black grouper' in the northern coastal region, and is also well received in the markets of fresh and live fishes in overseas such as Japan and Korea. The optimum growth temperature is 1-27 ℃, the optimum growth temperature is 8-25 ℃, the optimum salinity is 27-34, and the culture medium has the characteristics of small migration range, wide temperature resistance range, less diseases, quick growth and the like, and is an ideal variety for coastal cage culture and marine ranch development in north China.
Sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf is a special breeding mode for oviparous spawning, mating occurs in autumn, farrowing occurs at the end of spring of the next year, and the mating and fertilization farrowing can not be synchronized like the oviparous economic fish to complete the whole fertilization and development process. Although sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf has already been broken through in the technology of artificial breeding by using wild zonate pelagic fish, the problems of resource destruction, inconvenient transportation, abortion of the pelagic fish, low survival rate of the born fish and the like exist, and female brood pelagic fish with high mating rate cannot be obtained by mating the pelagic fish in other ways. The female fish with high quality and successful mating provides guarantee for seed breeding in the next year. Therefore, the development of the cultivation technical research on the mating rate of the female and male parent fish of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf is of great significance for solving the source bottleneck of the parent fish with the fish.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-stage cultivation method for improving the mating rate of the sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish, namely, three-stage cultivation is carried out in an indoor factory cultivation period, an outdoor pond net cage temporary cultivation mating period, an indoor factory overwintering period and a prenatal strengthening cultivation period; according to the method, the mating rate of the sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fishes in the pond net cages is improved through the research and study on the biological characteristics of the sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf and the mating reproduction rule of the sebastes schlegeli hildorf in the natural environment simulating the natural mating in a natural sea area or a deep water net cage, and the female parent fishes successfully mated in batches can be obtained according to the methods such as environmental conditions, time, bait composition and temperature change control required by the natural mating of the sebastes schlegeli hildorf, so that the large-scale production of sebastes schlegeli hildorf.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a three-stage type breeding method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish, which comprises the following steps:
step one, performing an indoor industrial culture period: beginning in 5 months and 10 middle ten days in the month;
step two, carrying out the temporary breeding mating period of the outdoor pond net cage: 10 middle ten days to 12 early months;
step three, carrying out indoor industrial overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensified cultivation period: from the beginning of 12 months to 5 months in the next year.
Preferably, in the first step, the period of performing indoor industrial cultivation specifically includes: selecting domesticated parent fish with age of 4 years or more and weight of more than 1.5kg, and culturing in culture pond (semi-buried square cement pond or round glass fiber reinforced plastic tank with depth of 1.2m and stocking density of 4-8 fish/m) at the beginning of 5 months each year3Natural seawater flowing water is adopted for cultivation, the water temperature is controlled to be 12-25 ℃, the highest water temperature is not more than 27 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 6mg/L, the daily water change amount is 4-5 ranges, sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf are fed for 2 times every day and 1 time respectively in the morning and evening, and the daily feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the fish; water temperature in 10 monthsTransferring the parent fish to the second step for cultivation within the temperature range of 16-19 ℃, wherein the temperature difference between the water temperature of the culture pond and the water temperature of the pond is within 2 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 6 mg/L.
Preferably, in the second step, the step of temporarily breeding the mating season in the outdoor pond net cage specifically comprises: temperature detection equipment is arranged in an industrial culture pond and a net cage of the pond to synchronously monitor the water temperature change, and the industrial culture parent fishes are stocking in the net cage according to the male-female ratio of 1:1.5 in the morning or evening in the middle of 10 months, wherein the density is 3-4 tails/m3Feeding fresh baits instead, wherein the baits are fed for 2 times every day, and are fed for 1 time in the morning respectively, and the daily feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the fish; generally, the water temperature of the pond is reduced to about 10-11 ℃ at the end of 11 months every year, and the parent fish is transferred to the third step for cultivation;
the water depth of the outdoor pond area is more than 2.0m, the outdoor pond culture is arranged in a net cage mode, the middle of the upper end surface of the net cage is square, and the two ends of the net cage are of semicircular structures; the middle square specification is 4.0m multiplied by 1.5m, the two ends semicircular specification is diameter 4m, the framework of the net cage is made of polyethylene pipe, the main framework is externally coated with netting, the netting is made of polyethylene material, the aperture of the netting is 3-4cm, and the upper end surface of the net cage is covered by a black shading net; a special sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf shelter reef body is suspended inside the net cage corresponding to the semicircular part by ropes; the shelter reef body adopts a multi-layer scallop cage structure; 8 columnar scallop cages are hung below each semicircular net cage, the diameter of each scallop cage is 40cm, the scallop cages are divided into 5 layers, the height of each layer is 30cm, the opening angle is 45, the shading net covers the shading net in the time period when the sun directly shines, and the shading net is opened in other time periods.
Preferably, in the third step, the period of the indoor industrial overwintering cultivation and the prenatal intensive cultivation specifically comprises the step of transferring all the parent fishes in the net cage to the indoor industrial continuous overwintering cultivation, wherein the stocking density is 4-6 tails/m3The culture conditions are as follows: natural seawater running water cultivation is carried out, the water temperature is controlled to be 2-14 ℃, the lowest water temperature is not lower than 1 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 6mg/L, the daily water change amount is 4-5 ranges, and the feeding frequency and the feeding amount of the fresh frozen baits are adjusted according to the change of the water temperature; beginning prenatal nutrition enrichment culture in the middle ten days of 3 months, adding composite multivitamins into the mixture of the iced and fresh baits, observing the growth condition of the abdomen, and culturing in the middle, lower and middle of 4 monthsAnd (4) taking the larval fish in the female fish body in ten days to observe the development condition, judging the mating condition and deducing the farrowing time, and calculating the mating rate of the parent fish by the larval fish producing condition in about 5 months.
Preferably, the icy fresh bait is anchovy, mackerel, bowled bond fish or small yellow croaker.
Preferably, in the third step, feeding is carried out for 1 time every 1d when the water temperature is above 10 ℃, and feeding is carried out for 1 time every 2d when the water temperature is 6-10 ℃; feeding for 1 time every 3 days when the water temperature is lower than 6 ℃, wherein the daily feeding amount is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the fish.
Preferably, in the composite multi-dimension, each kilogram of the composite multi-dimension comprises 400-1000 ten thousand IU of VA, 350 ten thousand IU of VD3: 250-: not less than 10g, VB1 not less than 3g, VB2 not less than 5g, VB6 not less than 3g, VB12 not less than 7mg, pantothenic acid not less than 13.5g, nicotinic acid not less than 13.5g, folic acid not less than 250mg, d-biotin not less than 60mg, inositol not less than 40g, water content not more than 6.0% and anhydrous glucose as carrier.
Preferably, in the third step, 1-2 g of the compound multivitamins are added into each kilogram of the icy fresh bait, 7 days are used continuously, and a small amount of water is added to be adhered to the icy fresh bait.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the method, according to the life habits and the reproduction characteristics of sebastes schlegeli in natural reef sea areas, particularly the mating time and the water temperature change rule and the like, through three-stage cultivation, particularly the outdoor pond cage temporary cultivation mating period, namely the indoor factory cultivation mating period, the outdoor pond cage temporary cultivation mating period, the indoor factory overwintering period and the prenatal intensified cultivation period, the water quality environmental conditions of similar water temperatures of ponds and sea areas in the key mating period of 10-11 months are fully utilized, measures are taken from the technical links of female and male stocking proportion, water temperature change monitoring, illumination control, shielding object setting, bait feeding and the like, the mating rate of the female parent fish of the sebastes schlegeli is improved, and multiple tests prove that the mating rate of the female parent fish of the sebastes schlegeli schleg.
(2) The method for obtaining the female parent fish with high mating rate breaks through the technical bottleneck of breeding by using the wild pregnant fish, and solves the problems of high difficulty in long-distance transportation of pregnant fish, abortion of parent fish, low survival rate of farrowing, low reutilization rate of parent fish and the like.
(3) The invention successfully copulated female overwintering and prenatal intensified cultivation provides conditions for in-vivo fertilization and in-vivo embryo development of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf and provides guarantee for the output of high-quality and high-quality offspring seeds. The method is simple to operate and practical, and a feasible way is explored for the full-artificial propagation of sebastes schlegeli.
(4) According to the method, the mating rate of the sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fishes in the pond net cages is improved through the research and study on the biological characteristics of the sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf and the mating reproduction rule of the sebastes schlegeli hildorf in the natural environment simulating the natural mating in a natural sea area or a deep water net cage, and the female parent fishes successfully mated in batches can be obtained according to the methods such as environmental conditions, time, bait composition and temperature change control required by the natural mating of the sebastes schlegeli hildorf, so that the large-scale production of sebastes schlegeli hildorf.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples
The invention relates to three-stage cultivation for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish; the method comprises the following specific steps:
in 5 months to 5 months in 2019, the following implementation steps are carried out in a sebasticisic schlegeli national stock farm workshop and an outdoor pond of Hippocastus schlegeli Hippocampus science and technology Limited in Shandong tobacco Tai Huahai, 120 tails of female parent fishes and 180 tails of male parent fishes are selected by a three-stage cultivation method, the total number of the female parent fishes which can successfully produce the fish is 101, and the mating rate (equivalent fertilization rate) of the parent fishes is 84.2%.
Step one, an indoor industrial culture period: the time is from the first of 5 months to 10 middle ten days. The used culture pond is a semi-buried square cement pond or a round glass fiber reinforced plastic groove, and the depth of the culture pond is 1.2 m; selecting domesticated parent fish with age of 4 or more and weight of more than 1.2kg, breeding in separate ponds after distinguishing male and female fish at 5 months, and stocking at density of 4-8 fish/m3(ii) a The culture conditions are as follows: natural sea water flowCulturing with water or circulating water, controlling water temperature at 12-25 deg.C, maximum water temperature not more than 27 deg.C, salinity of 27-32, dissolved oxygen not less than 6mg/L, daily water change amount at 4-5 ranges, feeding Sebastes schlegeli compound feed (producer: Shandong province Shengsuo feed factory) 2 times per day, 1 time in the morning and evening, and daily feeding amount of 1-2% of fish weight; transferring the parent fish to the second step for cultivation at 16-19 ℃ in 10-month middle ten days;
step two, temporarily culturing the outdoor pond net cages in a mating period: the time is from 10 middle ten days to 12 early months. The water depth required by the outdoor pond area is more than 2.0 m; the outdoor pond culture is arranged in a net cage mode, the middle of the upper end surface of the net cage is square, and the two ends of the net cage are in semicircular structures; the middle square specification is 4.0m multiplied by 1.5m, the two ends semicircular specification is diameter 4m, the framework of the net cage is made of polyethylene pipe, the main framework is externally coated with netting, the netting is made of polyethylene material, the aperture of the netting is 3-4cm, and the upper end surface of the net cage is covered by a black shading net; a special sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf shelter reef body is suspended inside the net cage corresponding to the semicircular part by ropes; the shelter reef body adopts a multi-layer scallop cage structure; 8 columnar scallop cages are hung below each semicircular net cage, the diameter of each scallop cage is 40cm, the scallop cages are divided into 5 layers, the height of each layer is 30cm, the opening angle is 45, the shading net covers the shading net in the time period when the sun directly shines, and the shading net is opened in other time periods. The temperature difference between the workshop and the pond is within 2-3 ℃; placing temperature detection equipment in an industrial culture pond and a net cage of the pond to synchronously monitor the water temperature change, and when the water temperature of the pond is 16-19 ℃ in the middle 10 months, placing industrial parent fishes in the net cage according to the male-female ratio of 1:1.5(2:3) in the morning or evening, wherein the density is 3-4 tails/m3Feeding fresh baits such as anchovy, pneumatophorus japonicus, bowled mackerel, small yellow croaker and the like for 2 times every day and 1 time in the morning respectively, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1-1.5 percent of the weight of the fish; transferring the parent fish to the third step for cultivation at the water temperature of 10-11-16 ℃ at the end of 11 months;
step three, indoor industrial overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensified cultivation period: the time period is from the end of 11 months to 5 months in the next year. Generally, the water temperature of the pond is reduced to about 10-11 ℃ at the end of 11 months every year, all the parent fishes in the net cage are transferred to an indoor factory for continuous overwintering cultivation, and the stocking density is 4-6 tails/m3Conditions for cultivation thereofComprises the following steps: cultivating natural seawater by running water or circulating water, controlling the water temperature to be 2-14 ℃, controlling the lowest water temperature to be not lower than 1 ℃, controlling the salinity to be 28-32, controlling the dissolved oxygen to be not less than 6mg/L, controlling the daily water change amount to be 4-5 ranges, feeding fresh iced bait according to the change of the water temperature, wherein the fresh iced bait is anchovy, pneumatophorus japonicus, bowlder, small yellow croaker and the like; 3, beginning to perform prenatal nutrition enrichment in the middle ten of the month, adding compound vitamins into the iced fresh bait mixed material, observing the development condition of the abdomen, taking the fries in the female fish bodies in the middle and last ten days of the month 4, observing the development condition, judging the mating condition and deducing the farrowing time, and calculating the mating rate of parent fishes according to the condition of the produced fries in about 5 months; adjusting feeding frequency and feeding amount according to water temperature, feeding for 1 time every 1d when the water temperature is above 10 ℃, and feeding for 1 time every 2d when the water temperature is 6-10 ℃; feeding for 1 time every 3 days when the water temperature is lower than 6 ℃, wherein the daily feeding amount is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the fish;
wherein the icy fresh bait is added into a composite multi-dimensional material, wherein each kilogram of the composite multi-dimensional material comprises 400-1000 ten thousand IU of VA, 350 ten thousand IU of VD3: 250 IU, more than or equal to 1.8 ten thousand IU of VE, VC: not less than 10g, VB1 not less than 3g, VB2 not less than 5g, VB6 not less than 3g, VB12 not less than 7mg, pantothenic acid not less than 13.5g, nicotinic acid not less than 13.5g, folic acid not less than 250mg, d-biotin not less than 60mg, inositol not less than 40g, water content not more than 6.0% and anhydrous glucose as carrier. Adding 1-2 g of compound multivitamin into each kilogram of fresh ice bait, continuously using for 7 days, and adding a small amount of water to adhere to the fresh ice bait.
According to the method, according to the life habits and the reproduction characteristics of sebastes schlegeli in natural reef sea areas, particularly the mating time and the water temperature change rule and the like, through three-stage cultivation, particularly the outdoor pond cage temporary cultivation mating period, namely the indoor factory cultivation mating period, the outdoor pond cage temporary cultivation mating period, the indoor factory overwintering period and the prenatal intensified cultivation period, the water quality environmental conditions of similar water temperatures of ponds and sea areas in the key mating period of 10-11 months are fully utilized, measures are taken from the technical links of female and male stocking proportion, water temperature change monitoring, illumination control, shielding object setting, bait feeding and the like, the mating rate of the female parent fish of the sebastes schlegeli is improved, and multiple tests prove that the mating rate of the female parent fish of the sebastes schlegeli schleg.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A three-section type cultivation method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, performing an indoor industrial culture period: beginning in 5 months and 10 middle ten days in the month;
step two, carrying out the temporary breeding mating period of the outdoor pond net cage: 10 middle ten days to 12 early months;
step three, carrying out indoor industrial overwintering cultivation and prenatal intensified cultivation period: from the beginning of 12 months to 5 months in the next year.
2. The three-stage cultivation method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the indoor industrial cultivation period is specifically: selecting domesticated parent fish with age of 4 or more and weight of more than 1.5kg, distinguishing male and female, and culturing in culture pond with depth of 1.2m and stocking density of 4-8 fish/m3Natural seawater flowing water is adopted for cultivation, the water temperature is controlled to be 12-25 ℃, the highest water temperature is not more than 27 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 6mg/L, the daily water change amount is 4-5 ranges, the compound feed for sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf is fed for 2 times every day, 1 time in the morning and evening, and the daily feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the fish; and (4) when the water temperature is within the range of 16-19 ℃ in the middle 10 th month, transferring the parent fish to the step two for cultivation.
3. The three-stage cultivation method for improving the mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the step of temporarily cultivating the mating stage in the outdoor pond net cage specifically comprises the following steps: placing temperature detection equipment in an industrial aquaculture pond and a pond net cage to synchronously monitor water temperature change, stocking industrially-cultured parent fishes in the net cage according to a male-female ratio of 1:1.5 in the morning or evening when the pond water temperature is 16-19 ℃ in the middle 10 th of the month, and keeping the density of 3-4 tails/m3Feeding fresh baits instead, wherein the baits are fed for 2 times every day, and are fed for 1 time in the morning respectively, and the daily feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the fish; the parent fish is transferred to the third step of cultivation when the pond temperature is reduced to 10-11 ℃ generally at the end of 12 months each year.
4. The three-stage cultivation method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the indoor industrial overwintering cultivation and prenatal enhanced cultivation period comprises the steps of transferring all parent fish in the cage to the indoor industrial continuous overwintering cultivation, wherein the stocking density is 4-6 fish/m3The culture conditions are as follows: natural seawater running water cultivation is carried out, the water temperature is controlled to be 2-14 ℃, the lowest water temperature is not lower than 1 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 6mg/L, the daily water change amount is 4-5 ranges, and the feeding frequency and the feeding amount of the fresh frozen baits are adjusted according to the change of the water temperature; and starting prenatal nutrition enrichment culture in the middle ten of 3 months, adding composite multidimensional bait and mixed material, observing the abdominal development condition, taking the fries in the female fish bodies in the middle and last ten days of 4 months to observe the development condition, judging the mating condition and deducing the farrowing time, and calculating the mating rate of parent fishes according to the produced fries in about 5 months.
5. The three-stage cultivation method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish according to claim 4, wherein the fresh iced bait is anchovy, mackerel or small yellow croaker.
6. The three-stage culturing method for improving the mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish according to claim 4, wherein in step three, feeding is performed 1 time every 1d when the water temperature is above 10 ℃, and feeding is performed 1 time every 2d when the water temperature is 6-10 ℃; feeding for 1 time every 3 days when the water temperature is lower than 6 ℃, wherein the daily feeding amount is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the fish.
7. The three-stage breeding method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish as claimed in claim 4, wherein each kilogram of composite multidimensional comprises VA 400-1000 ten thousand IU, VD3: 250-350 ten thousand IU, VE ≧ 1.8 ten thousand IU, VC: not less than 10g, VB1 not less than 3g, VB2 not less than 5g, VB6 not less than 3g, VB12 not less than 7mg, pantothenic acid not less than 13.5g, nicotinic acid not less than 13.5g, folic acid not less than 250mg, d-biotin not less than 60mg, inositol not less than 40g, water content not more than 6.0% and anhydrous glucose as carrier.
8. The three-stage cultivation method for improving mating rate of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf parent fish according to claim 4, wherein in step three, 1-2 g of compound multi-vitamin is added into each kilogram of the fresh-frozen bait, and 7d is used continuously, and a small amount of water is added to be bonded with the fresh-frozen bait.
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| CN114916472A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-08-19 | 大连海洋大学 | Method for cultivating sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf offspring seeds |
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