CN112279862A - 近红外卟啉化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
近红外卟啉化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112279862A CN112279862A CN201910625469.7A CN201910625469A CN112279862A CN 112279862 A CN112279862 A CN 112279862A CN 201910625469 A CN201910625469 A CN 201910625469A CN 112279862 A CN112279862 A CN 112279862A
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- Prior art keywords
- porphyrin compound
- alkyl
- substituted
- group
- radical
- Prior art date
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种卟啉化合物及其制备方法和用途,以及以卟啉化合物为活性成分的药物组合物。该卟啉化合物结构新颖,结构可调,可以在多个位点进行衍生和修饰,实现生物相容性修饰和功能的改变;该卟啉化合物吸收波长处于近红外区域,可以实现较深的组织穿透深度,具备良好光动力治疗活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光动力治疗和生物成像领域,特别涉及具备光动力治疗和深红-近红外光成像功能的大环有机分子卟啉化合物及其制备方法和生物应用。
背景技术
光动力治疗是一种非侵入性治疗方法,目前已经应用于癌症治疗、眼病治疗和皮肤病治疗。光动力治疗的原理是将无毒的光敏剂注射入体内,光敏剂通过血液循环抵达病灶后在病灶处选择性聚集,再选择与光敏剂激发波长匹配的光源照射病灶位置,对光敏剂进行激发,从而释放活性氧物种,通过直接杀伤、破坏病变组织血管和引起免疫应激等途径杀死病变细胞,达到治疗目的。
在光动力治疗中,治疗药物(光敏剂)的红外波长会显著影响该药物的光毒性和组织穿透深度,从而影响光动力治疗的临床效果。当治疗药物的红外波长越长时,药物的组织穿透深度越深,越有利于药物光毒性的发挥。
目前临床上应用的光动力药物多数为注射给药,通过靶向聚集在病患部位。在药物聚集过程中,随着体循环的进行可能存在药物代谢失效、病患部位聚集浓度低、患者全身皮肤光敏性提高等问题。
因此,研究一种光毒性强、红外波长较长的化合物作为光敏剂对于光动力治疗而言非常有意义;特别是,当该化合物可以体外给药时会显著降低目前临床上光动力治疗的副作用。
基于上述问题,本发明人在现有技术的基础上锐意研究,提供了一种具有光毒性的深红-近红外卟啉化合物及其制备方法和用途。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明人进行了锐意研究,结果发现:通过对卟啉类化合物的结构进行调整得到了本发明提供的卟啉化合物,该卟啉化合物结构新颖,结构可调,可以在多个位点进行衍生和修饰,实现生物相容性修饰和功能的改变;其红外波长较长、光毒性强,具有较深的组织穿透深度,具备良好光动力治疗活性、荧光标记和深红-近红外成像的功能,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的在于提供以下方面:
第一方面,本发明提供卟啉化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体药物,所述卟啉化合物包括如下结构:
其中,P1、P2和P3为五元环残基,其两端的碳原子与十六元环上的N原子连接成环;
Ar1和Ar2为取代或不取代的苯基、芳基或杂环芳基;
R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8为卟啉类化合物骨架中苯环上的取代基,各自独立地选自氢、卤素、硝基、羟基、氨基、巯基、羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、氰基、酰胺基、C1-8烷基取代氨基、取代或未取代的C1-12烷基、取代或未取代的C1-8烷氧基、取代硫基、C1-8烷基磷酸基、C1-8烷羧基、C1-8烷基磺酸基、C3-6烯烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔烷基、C2-6炔基、C2-6烯氧基、C2-6炔氧基和C1-5烷酰基中的任意一种。
第二方面,本发明提供了上述卟啉化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:
在惰性气氛条件下,卟吩内酯与无机碱或有机碱于第一有机溶剂中在80~200℃下反应,得到第一产物,所述第一产物即为卟啉化合物;
可选地,将第一产物在第二有机溶剂中进行氧化、还原或者水溶性修饰反应,得到第二产物,所述第二产物也为卟啉化合物。
第三方面,本发明提供了以上述卟啉化合物为活性成分的药物组合物,所述药物组合物还包括药学可接受的辅料;
所述药物组合物通过注射或皮肤外用给药;
在药物组合物的单位剂型中,活性成分的用量为0.01mg-20g。
第四方面,本发明提供了以上述卟啉化合物、药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体药物,以及以卟啉化合物为活性成分的药物组合物在光动力治疗中的用途;
优选地,在制备治疗皮下肿瘤药物中的用途;
所述皮下肿瘤包括黑色素瘤,肉瘤,纤维瘤、神经纤维瘤、脂肪瘤、粉瘤、纤维瘤、神经鞘瘤、血管瘤、平滑肌瘤和淋巴管瘤;
第五方面,本发明提供了以上述卟啉化合物、药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体物质,在深红-近红外区域中,在荧光标记红外或荧光成像中的用途。
根据本发明提供的卟啉化合物及其制备方法和用途,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的卟啉化合物吸收波长处于近红外区域,可以实现较深的组织穿透深度,具备良好光动力治疗活性,通过多细胞系和活体光动力治疗实验,与已被报道的光动力治疗药剂相比,具备更好的光动力治疗效果。
(2)本发明提供的卟啉化合物结构新颖,结构可调,可以在多个位点进行衍生和修饰,实现生物相容性修饰和功能的改变,以适应不同的应用需求。
(3)本发明提供的卟啉化合物吸收和发射波长可以覆盖可见光-近红外区域,可以利用近红外光进行激发,具有在荧光标记中的用途,特别是在红外或荧光成像中的用途。
(4)本发明提供的卟啉化合物具备很高的光毒性,并且生物相容性好,安全性高,可以注射和皮肤外用给药治疗皮下肿瘤。
附图说明
图1示出本发明实施例1-4得到的化合物的吸收和发射图谱;
图2示出本发明实验例2中动物实验结果图,左图为肿瘤大小变化图,右图为体重变化图;
图3示出本发明实验例4中活体荧光成像实验结果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过对本发明进行详细说明,本发明的特点和优点将随着这些示例性说明而变得更为清楚、明确。
在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。尽管在附图中示出了实施例的各种方面,但是除非特别指出,不必按比例绘制附图。
以下详述本发明。
本发明提供了一种卟啉化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体药物,所述卟啉化合物包括如下结构:
其中,P1、P2和P3为五元环残基,其两端的碳原子与十六元环上的N原子连接成环;
Ar1和Ar2为取代或不取代的苯基、芳基或杂环芳基;
R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8为卟啉类化合物骨架中苯环上的取代基,各自独立地选自氢、卤素、硝基、羟基、氨基、巯基、羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、氰基、酰胺基、C1-8烷基取代氨基、取代或未取代的C1-12烷基、取代或未取代的C1-8烷氧基、取代硫基、C1-8烷基磷酸基、C1-8烷羧基、C1-8烷基磺酸基、C3-6烯烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔烷基、C2-6炔基、C2-6烯氧基、C2-6炔氧基和C1-5烷酰基中的任意一种。
在本发明中,除非特别指出,所述卤素选自F、Cl、Br和I中的一种或多种;
所述烷基包括直链、支链或环状的饱和烃基;优选所述烷基为C1-6烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基等。
C1-8表示单个烃链中碳原子的个数为1-8;类似地,C3-6表示单个烃链中碳原子的个数为3-6。
所述烷基取代氨基为由前述烷基取代的氨基,优选为C1~C6烷基取代氨基,例如甲胺基、乙胺基、二甲胺基、二乙胺基等;
所述烷氧基是指烷基氧醚基,优选为C1~C4烷氧基,例如甲氧基、丙氧基等;
所述取代硫基是被C1-8烷基、葡萄糖基、甘露糖、果糖、半乳糖、核糖、木糖中的一种取代的巯基;更优选为被C1~C4烷基、葡萄糖基、果糖、半乳糖、核糖取代,例如甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基等;
所述烷基磷酸基是指烷基取代的磷酸基;优选为C1~C4烷基取代磷酸基,例如甲磷酸、乙磷酸、丙磷酸基等;
相应地,所述烷基磺酸基是指烷基取代的磺酸基;优选为C1~C4烷基取代磺酸基,例如甲磺酸、乙磺酸、丙磺酸基等;
所述烷羧基是指烷基取代的羧基,如乙酸基;
烯基是指直链、支链或环状的炔基;烯烷基指含有前述烯基的烷基;烯氧基是指含有前述烯基的氧醚基;
炔基指直链、支链或环状的炔基;炔烷基是指含有前述炔基的烷基;炔氧基是指含有前述炔基的氧醚基;
烷酰基指含有前述烷基的酰基;
所述芳基指含有苯基团的芳香环,一般为苯、萘、蒽或菲,优选为苯、萘。
所述杂环芳基是指包括杂原子的单芳环或多芳环基团,优选为5-10元的环。所述多环芳香基团可以是双单芳环、苯并单芳环或者稠合芳香环基团。例如,芳基可以是呋喃、吡啶、噻吩、咪唑、吡咯、哒嗪、吡嗪、苯并吡咯、苯并呋喃、苯并异喹啉或吡嗪并哒嗪等。
在一些优选的实施方式中,P1和P3与卟啉十六元环上的N原子连接成环后形成未取代的吡咯环。
其中,R’选自氢、三甲基氨乙基;
RN1,RN2,RN3各自独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素取代C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基取代氨基或C1-4烷硫基。
优选地,所述Ar1和Ar2为取代苯基,其包含一个或多个取代基,取代基的位置选自以下中的任意一种:
其中,Ar1和Ar2的取代基团R”各自独立地选自氢、卤素、硝基、羟基、巯基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素取代C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基取代氨基、取代硫基、磷酸基、C1-6烷基磷酸基、羧基、C1-6烷羧基、磺酸基、C1-6烷基磺酸基中的任意一种或多种。
进一步地,Ar1和Ar2的取代基团R”选自氢、F、Cl、Br、硝基、羟基、巯基、甲基、葡萄糖基取代硫基、果糖基取代硫基、半乳糖基取代硫基、核糖基取代硫基、氨基、三甲基氨基、三乙基氨基、羧基、磺酸基中的一种或多种。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述Ar1和Ar2的取代基团R”选自F、Cl和Br、氢、葡萄糖基取代硫基、三甲基氨基、磺酸基中的一种或多种;
优选地,所述R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8各自独立地选自氢、F、Cl、Br、硝基、羟基、磺酸基、羧基、磷酸基、葡萄糖基巯基、甘露糖基硫基、果糖基硫基、半乳糖基硫基、核糖基硫基、木糖基硫基、三甲基氨基、三乙基氨基、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素取代C1-3烷基、C1-3烷基磷酸基、C1-3烷羧基、C1-3烷基磺酸基中的任意一种或组合。
进一步地,所述R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8各自独立地选自氢、F、Cl、Br、硝基、羟基、磺酸基、羧基、葡萄糖基硫基、半乳糖基硫基、三甲基氨基、三乙基氨基中的任意一种或组合。
在一些实施方式中,所述R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8各自独立地选自F、磺酸基、三甲基氨基和葡萄糖基巯基中的任意和组合。
本发明提供的卟啉化合物选自以下化合物中的一种或多种:
本发明还提供了上述卟啉化合物的制备方法,包括:
在惰性气氛条件下,卟吩内酯与无机碱或有机碱于第一有机溶剂中在80~200℃下反应,得到第一产物。所述第一产物即为卟啉化合物。反应方程式如下:
任选地,将第一产物在第二有机溶剂中进行氧化、还原或者水溶性修饰反应,得到第二产物。
所述第二产物也为卟啉化合物。
所述氧化、还原或者水溶性修饰反应包括内酯化、亲核进攻、离子化反应等。
其中,所述第一有机溶剂选自十氢萘、二甲基亚砜、甲苯、邻二氯苯、四氢呋喃、水、正己醇、甲醇、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇组成的组中的任意一种或多种;优选为四氢呋喃、水、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺组成的组中的任意一种或多种。
所述惰性气氛是指非氧化性气氛,选自氮气气氛、氩气气氛、或氦气气氛;优选为氮气气氛或氩气气氛。
所述无机碱或有机碱包括碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、三乙胺、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、吡啶、三甲胺、甲醇钠、乙醇钾和叔丁醇钾中的一种或多种。
所述第二有机溶剂选自水、甲醇、氯仿、乙醇、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、二甲基亚砜、邻二氯苯、正己醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和甲苯组成的组中的任意一种或多种;优选为水、甲醇、四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、二氯甲烷、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和氯仿组成的组中的任意一种或多种。
本发明提供的卟啉化合物对多种癌细胞系都具备很高的光毒性,并且在细胞和活体层次都显示出较高的光毒性;一些化合物的半数致死浓度可以达到1μM以下。表明卟啉化合物有望作为光动力治疗药物在临床诊断和治疗中得到应用。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,包括作为活性成分的上述卟啉化合物或前述制备方法获得的卟啉化合物,以及药学可接受的辅料。所述卟啉化合物药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体药物,也可以用作药物组合物的活性成分。
根据药物组合物的给药方式,所述药物组合物可以制备为预先确定活性成分剂量的各种形式。
所述药物组合物经胃肠道给药时可以采用例如片剂、胶囊剂、口服溶液剂、口服乳剂和颗粒剂等常见剂型。
本发明提供的药物组合物可以采用注射给药(包括静脉注射、动脉注射、肌肉注射和脊椎腔注射),通过靶向释放活性成分的方式或通过输送装置给药至病患部位,药物组合物可以采用例如注射溶液、注射乳剂、注射缓释溶液剂、注射混悬剂等常见剂型。
本发明提供的药物组合物还可以采用皮肤外用给药,通过涂抹给药至病患部位的皮肤上;药物组合物可以采用例如溶液剂、乳剂、膏剂、混悬剂和贴剂等常见剂型。
考虑到本发明提供的卟啉化合物的光毒性及其适于光动力治疗的特点,优选所述药物组合物注射给药或皮肤外用给药。
根据药物组合物的应用形式,所述组合物中的辅料应是符合用药途径或给药方式的对人体无毒害作用的非活性成分。
所述辅料可以是固体或半固体、液体或气体形式。固体或半固体辅料,例如,包括氯化钠、葡萄糖、蜂蜡、鲸蜡、氢氧化钠、凡士林、泊洛沙姆、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、环糊精、甲壳素、卵磷脂、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚维酮、淀粉、硬脂酸镁、羧甲基淀粉钠、滑石粉和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯;液体辅料,例如,包括乙二醇、水、液体石蜡、硅酮、二甲硅油、乙醇、花生油、磷酸、三乙胺、豆油、糖浆和甘油;气体辅料,例如,包括二氧化碳和氮气。
本发明提供的药物组合物可以是注射形式的无菌溶液或分散体系或使用前配制无菌注射用水的无菌粉末。将活性成分与辅料,例如溶剂、等渗调节剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂等,混合后制得。
本发明提供的药物组合物可以是皮肤外用的溶液剂、乳剂、膏剂或混悬剂等,将活性成分与辅料,例如乳化剂、油性溶剂、水性溶剂等混合制得。
所述药物组合物在制备和存储中应当稳定。优选地,在单位剂型中活性成分的用量为0.01mg-20g。
本发明提供的卟啉化合物具备很高的光毒性,并且生物相容性好,安全性高,可以作为光动力治疗药物治疗皮下肿瘤。
本发明还提供了一种所述卟啉化合物、药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体药物,以及以卟啉化合物为活性成分的药物组合物在制备治疗皮下肿瘤药物中的应用。
所述皮下肿瘤包括黑色素瘤,肉瘤,纤维瘤、神经纤维瘤、脂肪瘤、粉瘤、纤维瘤、神经鞘瘤、血管瘤、平滑肌瘤和淋巴管瘤;
根据病人的年龄、体重、健康状况、饮食、给药途径、联合用药、治疗时间等,具体的用药剂量可能会在病人间不同。一般情况下,在治疗上述疾病时,药物卟啉化合物的剂量水平为0.01~500mg/kg体重/每天,或者每个病人每天0.1~20g。
优选地,所述卟啉化合物生物相容性好,安全性高,注射卟啉化合物或将其涂抹于皮肤即可有效抑制皮下肿瘤的生长。
本发明提供的卟啉化合物具有明显的深红-近红外发光效果,其吸收和发射波长可以覆盖可见光-近红外区域,可以利用深红-近红外光进行激发,具备较深的组织穿透深度,因而在深红-近红外区域(600-1000nm)具有在荧光标记、红外或荧光成像中的用途。优选所述深红-近红外包括波长为650-900nm的光谱区域。
本发明还提供了一种卟啉化合物、药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体物质,在深红-近红外区域中,在荧光标记、红外或荧光成像中的用途。
本发明提供的卟啉化合物结构新颖,结构可调,可以在多个位点进行衍生和修饰,实现生物相容性修饰和功能的改变,以适应不同的应用需求。
所述卟啉化合物具备良好的光动力治疗和红外/荧光成像效果,是潜在的活体光动力治疗和红外/荧光成像药剂。
实施例
实施例1
分子1的合成:
通过将5,10,15,20-四五氟苯基卟吩内酯和碳酸钾混合在四氢呋喃和去离子水体积比为7:1的混合溶液中,在氮气气氛下200℃反应,获得分子1。
表征数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.54(d,2H),8.67(d,2H),8.35(s,2H),-0.44(s,2H).19FNMR(471MHz,CDCl3)δ-137.08(dd,4F),-138.5(dd,2F),-151.21(t,2F),-156.64(t,2F),-160.51(dd,2F),-160.10(dt,4F),-162.13(t,2F).HR-MS(ESI+)m/z[M+H]+:Calcd forC42H9F18N4O2 +943.0431;found:943.0446.UV/Vis(CH2Cl2,25℃):λmax(nm)(logε):407(4.69),440(4.92),510(3.46),551(3.67),594(4.13),640(3.86),696(4.38).
实施例2
分子2的合成:
通过将分子1与三氯化钌、2,2-联吡啶混合在1,2-二氯乙烷中,滴加过硫酸氢钾(Oxone)和氢氧化钠的水溶液,氮气气氛下下80℃反应,获得分子2。
表征数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.62(d,1H),9.39(d,1H),8.69(d,1H),8.53(d,1H),-0.63(s,1H),-0.90(s,1H).19F NMR(471MHz,CDCl3)δ-58.48(dd,1F),-59.43(dd,2F),-59.62(dd,1F),-61.24(dd,2F),-72.47(t,1F),-73.61(t,1F),-75.90(t,1F),-77.54(t,1F),-82.00(dd,1F),-82.85(m,3F),-83.68(t,1F),-83.86(m,3F).HR-MS(ESI+)m/z[M]:Calcdfor C41H6F18N4O4960.0102;found:960.0105.UV/Vis(CH2Cl2,25℃):λmax(nm)(logε):410(4.91),430(4.89),551(3.82),594(4.34),673(3.84),736(4.56).
实施例3
分子3的合成:
通过将分子2与劳森试剂混合在甲苯中,氮气气氛下100℃反应,获得分子3。
表征数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.56(d,2H),9.33(d,2H),8.65(d,1H),8.53(d,1H),-0.11(s,1H),-0.28(s,1H).19F NMR(471MHz,CDCl3)δ-136.47(dd,1F),-136.99(dd,2F),-137.61(dd,1F),-139.00(dd,2F),-49.97(t,1F),-152.13(t,1F),-153.57(t,1F),-155.14(t,1F),-160.31(m,3F),-160.89(t,1F),-161.24(t,1F),-161.40(m,2F).HR-MS(ESI+)m/z[M+H]+:Calcd for C41H7F18N4O3S+976.9951;found:976.9950.UV/Vis(CH2Cl2,25℃):λmax(nm)(logε):462(4.65),491(5.02),575(3.95),620(3.65),698(3.61),776(4.28).
实施例4
分子4的合成:
通过将分子2与二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL)混合在四氢呋喃中,氮气气氛下室温(20~40℃)反应,获得分子4。
表征数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.49(d,1H),9.20(d,1H),8.54(d,1H),8.40(d,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.64(s,1H).19F NMR(471MHz,CDCl3)δ-135.28(dd,1F),-136.51(dd,1F),-137.34–-138.15(m,3F),-139.73(dd,1F),-151.72(q,1F),-154.75(t,1F),-156.65(t,1F),-160.29(dd,1F),-160.60–-161.54(m,5F),-162.13(t,1F),-162.77(t,1F).HR-MS(ESI+)m/z[M+H]+:Calcd for C41H9F18N4O4 +963.0336;found:963.0334.UV/Vis(CH2Cl2,25℃):λmax(nm)(logε):365(4.98),394(4.91),541(4.18),581(4.67),714(3.89),790(4.75).
实施例5
分子5的合成:
通过将分子1与四氧化锇混合在氯仿中,氮气气氛下室温反应,获得分子5。
表征数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.34(s,1H),8.58(s,2H),8.22(d,1H),7.88(t,1H),7.39(t,2H),-1.26(s,1H),-0.99(s,1H).19F NMR(471MHz,CDCl3)δ-157.20(t,2F),-161.12(q,2F),-162.17(t,2F),-163.07(t,3F),-163.95(t,2F).HR-MS(ESI+)m/z[M+H]+:Calcd forC41H9F18N4O4 +963.0336;found:963.0334.UV/Vis(CH2Cl2,25℃):λmax(nm)(logε):378(4.95),390(4.88),543(4.14),590(4.62),710(3.89),779(4.73).
实施例6
分子6的合成:
将分子1与二甲胺盐酸盐混合在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,氮气气氛下100℃反应,中间产物。将中间产物与三氟甲磺酸甲酯混合在磷酸三甲酯中,氮气气氛下65℃反应,获得分子6。
表征数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ9.65(d,2H),9.12(d,2H),8.68(d,2H),4.22(d,6H).19F NMR(471MHz,D2O)δ-135.62(t,2F),-136.62(t,2F),-137.4(m,10F),-139.78(dd,2F).HR-MS(ESI+)m/z[M+H]+:Calcd for C54H44F14N8O2 4+275.5835;found:275.5835.UV/Vis(H2O,25℃):λmax(nm)(logε):407(4.71),440(4.92),510(3.48),551(3.66),594(4.15),640(3.85),696(4.39).
实施例7
分子7的合成:
将分子2与二甲胺盐酸盐混合在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,氮气气氛下100℃反应,中间产物。将中间产物与三氟甲磺酸甲酯混合在磷酸三甲酯中,氮气气氛下65℃反应,获得分子7。
表征数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ9.76(d,1H),9.46(d,1H),9.15(d,1H),8.85(d,1H),4.21(s,36H).19F NMR(471MHz,CD3OD)δ-135.25(t,1F),-136.11(q,2F),-136.88(t,1F),-137.59(q,2F),-138.03(m,2F),-138.31(d,2F),-139.32(d,2F),-140.63(m,1F),-141.50(dd,1F).HR-MS(ESI+)m/z[M+4OTf]2+:Calcd for C55H42F20N8O10S2 2+709.1073;found:709.1052.UV/Vis(H2O,25℃):λmax(nm)(logε):410(4.90),430(4.88),551(3.84),594(4.32),673(3.83),736(4.55).
实施例8
分子8的合成:
将分子4与1-溴乙醇在二氯甲烷,通过三氟化硼乙醚催化,室温反应。旋干以后在乙腈中与三甲胺回流反应,获得分子8。
表征数据:
HR-MS(ESI+)m/z[M]+:Calcd for C46H20F18N5O4 +1048.1222;found:1048.1220.UV/Vis(CH2Cl2,25℃):λmax(nm)(logε):365(4.97),394(4.93),541(4.20),581(4.65),714(3.90),790(4.75).
实验例
实验例1
细胞光毒性:
实验所用细胞包括HeLa人类宫颈癌细胞、HepG2人肝癌细胞、A375人恶性黑素瘤细胞、MCF7人乳腺癌细胞、HCT 116人结肠癌细胞。细胞培养在添加10%灭活胎牛血清与1%青霉素-链霉素的DMEM完全培养基中进行,培养温度为37℃,培养气氛为5%二氧化碳。
将传代培养的HeLa细胞经胰酶消化后,以适当浓度分散在培养基中。将分散后的HeLa细胞接种至多聚-D-赖氨酸修饰的平底96孔板,使每孔培养基为200μL,细胞数约为104个,保留一组无细胞的培养基进行空白对照。在暗环境中培养细胞24小时后移除培养基,加入100μL新鲜培养基与100μL预先配好的实施例6制得分子6的培养基溶液,稀释使样品为0.1-5μM的梯度浓度。在暗环境中继续培养24小时后,移除培养基,使用pH=7.4的PBS润洗各孔3次。向各孔加入100μL PBS缓冲液,在相同光强(约6.5mW/cm2)的溴钨灯白光(400-700nm)下照射30分钟。移除各孔的PBS并使用200μL新鲜培养基替换,继续培养24小时。完成后,移除培养基并使用PBS润洗各孔3次。然后用培养基配置10%的CCK-8试剂(CellCounting Kit-8),每孔加入100μL,并培养2小时。在此过程中,CCK-8试剂中的2-(2-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-3-(4-硝基苯基)-5-(2,4-二磺酸苯)-2H-四唑单钠盐(WST-8)在电子耦合试剂的辅助下可被活细胞还原为黄色的甲瓒产物,使溶液在450nm的吸光度发生变化,且变化值与活细胞数目成正比。使用酶标仪测定各孔在450nm吸收变化,根据以下计算各孵育浓度下细胞存活率:
CV=(As–Ab)/(Ac–Ab)×100%
CV指细胞存活率;As,Ac和Ab分别指的是孵育化合物的细胞的吸光度、空白细胞的吸光度和空白对照的吸光度。
根据各孵育浓度下的细胞存活率计算分子6在不同细胞系中的半数致死浓度IC50,如下:
细胞系 | HeLa | HepG2 | A375 | MCF7 | HCT116 |
IC<sub>50</sub>(μM) | 2.69±0.1 | 0.80±0.1 | 4.75±0.5 | 0.85±0.1 | 1.52±0.2 |
可见,在光照条件下,分子6具备较高的单线态氧量子产率,将其应用于光动力治疗中,在细胞层次具备较高的光毒性。
实验例2
光动力治疗动物研究
活体实验中使用BALB/C裸小鼠,鼠龄4-5周,雌性,体重16-25克。每只小鼠在右侧肩胛部皮下接种A375人恶性黑素瘤细胞100ul(5×106),两周后进行实验。
裸鼠按编号进行随机分组,实验分为对照组和皮肤涂抹组,每组6只。对照组只进行光照射(钨灯,400-700nm,6.5mW/cm2),不给药处理;皮肤涂抹组根据裸鼠体重以10mg·kg-1给药,皮肤涂抹20ul浓度为1mM的分子6水溶液。给药后动物避光饲养24h后光照肿瘤部位,每只光照30min,连续照射3天。治疗完毕不给予避光处理,放入饲养笼中继续饲养,观察各组裸鼠的皮肤光毒性等副作用。照光后每隔两天用游标卡尺测量肿瘤体积、称量体重。治疗2周后,将肿块剥出,称重。
实验结果如附图2所示,其示出对照组(空白对照)和皮肤涂抹组(分子6)的肿瘤大小变化图和体重变化图,结果显示,通过皮肤涂抹给药的方式,分子6可以有效抑制皮下肿瘤的生长,并且小鼠体重没有明显的减轻;而未给药的对照组小鼠则肿瘤生长迅速,体重减轻明显。
实验例3
对分子1-4的红外吸收光谱和红外发射光谱进行扫描,结果如图1所示,由图可知,通过对卟啉化合物的外围结构多个位点进行修饰和衍生,化合物的吸收光谱可以覆盖可见光区和近红外区。化合物在深红-近红外区(650-900nm)的吸收谱带显著增强。通过对化合物进行光激发,检测到的化合物的荧光光谱也处于该区域;并且随着化合物修饰结构的不同,发光波长可以红移至1000nm。这对于红外成像或活体荧光成像中实现深的组织穿透深度是至关重要的。
实验例4
活体实验中所有的动物实验都严格遵守中国动物实验的规定进行,使用四周大裸鼠进行实验。
活体荧光成像所使用的成像仪器是IVIS Spectrum荧光成像系统。仪器可实现高灵敏度生物发光及荧光成像,配置28个高效滤光片,覆盖430-850nm全波段。
实验过程中,首先通过对小鼠尾静脉注射100uL 10uM分子8的水溶液(里面含有1%DMSO)。然后小鼠被放置在成像仪器中,处于2L/min的氧气和2%的异氟烷的混合气体气氛中,使其麻醉。使用激发波长为745nm进行激发。图像采集波长为840nm,曝光时间为自动。
体外器官成像分析,是在尾静脉注射化合物4小时以后将小鼠安乐死并解剖。取出所需要的脏器,在成像仪下进行成像。其他条件与活体实验一致。
实验结果由图3所示,化合物进入小鼠以后进入肝脏。在30分钟以后,活体状态下即可以实现肝脏的成像,并且背景干扰低,周围组织信号弱。解剖实验的结果与活体成像的结果一致,化合物都是定位在肝脏。这说明化合物的深红-近红外发光性质有效地降低了在活体荧光成像中的背景干扰,即使在活体非解剖的状态下,也可以实现特定器官的高分辨率荧光成像。
以上结合具体实施方式和范例性实例对本发明进行了详细说明,不过这些说明并不能理解为对本发明的限制。本领域技术人员理解,在不偏离本发明精神和范围的情况下,可以对本发明技术方案及其实施方式进行多种等价替换、修饰或改进,这些均落入本发明的范围内。本发明的保护范围以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.卟啉化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体药物,所述卟啉化合物包括如下结构:
其中,P1、P2和P3为五元环残基,其两端的碳原子与十六元环上的N原子连接成环;
Ar1和Ar2为取代或不取代的苯基、芳基或杂环芳基;
R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8为卟啉类化合物骨架中苯环上的取代基,各自独立地选自氢、卤素、硝基、羟基、氨基、巯基、羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、氰基、酰胺基、C1-8烷基取代氨基、取代或未取代的C1-12烷基、取代或未取代的C1-8烷氧基、取代硫基、C1-8烷基磷酸基、C1-8烷羧基、C1-8烷基磺酸基、C3-6烯烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔烷基、C2-6炔基、C2-6烯氧基、C2-6炔氧基和C1-5烷酰基中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的卟啉化合物,其特征在于,所述Ar1和Ar2为取代苯基,其包含一个或多个取代基,取代基的位置选自以下中的任意一种:
其中,Ar1和Ar2的取代基团R”各自独立地选自氢、卤素、硝基、羟基、巯基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素取代C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基取代氨基、取代硫基、磷酸基、C1-6烷基磷酸基、羧基、C1-6烷羧基、磺酸基、C1-6烷基磺酸基中的任意一种或多种;
所述R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8各自独立地选自氢、F、Cl、Br、硝基、羟基、磺酸基、羧基、磷酸基、葡萄糖基巯基、甘露糖基硫基、果糖基硫基、半乳糖基硫基、核糖基硫基、木糖基硫基、三甲基氨基、三乙基氨基、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素取代C1-3烷基、C1-3烷基磷酸基、C1-3烷羧基、C1-3烷基磺酸基中的任意一种或组合。
5.一种卟啉化合物的制备方法,该方法包括:
在惰性气氛条件下,卟吩内酯与无机碱或有机碱于第一有机溶剂中在80~200℃下反应,得到第一产物,所述第一产物即为卟啉化合物;
任选地,将第一产物在第二有机溶剂中进行氧化、还原或者水溶性修饰反应,得到第二产物,所述第二产物也为卟啉化合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述第一有机溶剂选自十氢萘、二甲基亚砜、甲苯、邻二氯苯、四氢呋喃、水、正己醇、甲醇、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇组成的组中的任意一种或多种;
所述惰性气氛是指非氧化性气氛,选自氮气气氛、氩气气氛或氦气气氛。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述氧化、还原或者水溶性修饰反应包括内酯化、亲核进攻、离子化反应;
所述第二有机溶剂选自水、甲醇、氯仿、乙醇、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、二甲基亚砜、邻二氯苯、正己醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和甲苯组成的组中的任意一种或多种。
8.一种药物组合物,其以权利要求1-4之一所述卟啉化合物或权利要求5-7之一所述方法制得的卟啉化合物为活性成分,还包括药学可接受的辅料;
所述药物组合物通过注射或皮肤外用给药;
在药物组合物的单位剂型中,活性成分的用量为0.01mg-20g。
9.权利要求1-4之一所述卟啉化合物、药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体药物,以及以卟啉化合物为活性成分的药物组合物在光动力治疗中的用途;
优选地,在制备治疗皮下肿瘤药物中的用途;
所述皮下肿瘤包括黑色素瘤,肉瘤,纤维瘤、神经纤维瘤、脂肪瘤、粉瘤、纤维瘤、神经鞘瘤、血管瘤、平滑肌瘤和淋巴管瘤;
卟啉化合物的剂量水平为0.01~500mg/kg体重/每天,或者每个病人每天0.1~20g。
10.权利要求1-4之一所述卟啉化合物、药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物、非共价键复合物、配合物或前体物质,在深红-近红外区域中,在荧光标记、红外或荧光成像中的用途。
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CN114014875A (zh) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-08 | 北京协同创新研究院 | 一种可降解近红外光敏剂、其制备方法及应用 |
CN114014875B (zh) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-08-19 | 北京协同创新研究院 | 一种可降解近红外光敏剂、其制备方法及应用 |
WO2023020631A1 (zh) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-02-23 | 北京协同创新研究院 | 一种可降解近红外光敏剂、其制备方法及应用 |
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