CN100439372C - 卟啉衍生物 - Google Patents
卟啉衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100439372C CN100439372C CNB2003801087820A CN200380108782A CN100439372C CN 100439372 C CN100439372 C CN 100439372C CN B2003801087820 A CNB2003801087820 A CN B2003801087820A CN 200380108782 A CN200380108782 A CN 200380108782A CN 100439372 C CN100439372 C CN 100439372C
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过再生产单线态氧自由基用作抗癌或光动力诊断剂的新的光卟啉化合物及其药用盐,本发明的化合物具有很大的优点,如相对常规光敏化剂而言,有优异的光子产额以产生单线态氧,良好的物理稳定性和有效的细胞毒性。本发明也提供药物组合物,该组合物包括作为活性成分用于预防或治疗各种癌症如人类或哺乳动物中的胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、子宫颈癌和乳腺癌的通式为(I)-(VII)的新的光卟啉化合物或其药用盐以及其药用载体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及卟啉衍生物或其药用盐和包括它们的用于光动力疗法的药物组合物。
背景技术
光动力疗法(PDT)是通过使用对癌细胞或各种肿瘤具有选择性和光增强活性的光敏化剂药物治疗不能治愈疾病的一种治疗技术,其不需外科手术且没有化学疗法中出现的并发症。
光敏化剂药物的作用机理在于例如,将药物在静脉内给予患者并将最优数量的光对其辐射以形成光敏化剂的激发态。药物引起活化氧分子以转变成激发的单线态氧,新的自由基或新的化学物质选择性攻击和毁坏癌细胞或各种肿瘤。
代表性的光敏化剂是从蚕丝蠕虫粪便或桑叶或绿藻提取和具有适当的分光光度计测量特性以用作光敏化剂的卟啉化合物。它们的最重要特性是由于其波长为700-900nm的红外光引起电子跃迁,允许相对大的细胞渗透活性和因此三线态氧激发态的产生。
作为光敏化剂的卟啉衍生物不仅仅可以选择性渗透或积累在肿瘤部位,而且还能发射荧光或磷光,因此可以用作早期诊断工具。
在先前技术中对几种卟啉衍生物存在大量报导。例如,U.S.专利5,633,275;5,654,423;5,675,001;5,703,230;5,705,622和U.S.专利4,882,234公开了几种光卟啉II化合物。据报导,其中一种在市场上销售,另外一些现在在进行临床试验,然而,那些卟啉II是几种由血卟啉(HpD)醚连接的低聚物组成的混合物。
PCT/WO97/29915(A)公开了BPDMA(维替泊芬),它是一种已知对皮肤癌,牛皮癣和AMD表示特异效果的苯并卟啉衍生物。公开于PCT/WO97/48393、已知用于治疗气管和肺癌的MTHPC或公开于CA注册的No.2121716和日本专利注册的No.09071531、已知作为一种氯衍生物用于光动力疗法的单水杨酰氯(Monoaspitylchlorine)已经与相关几个专利,即PCT/W097/19081,PCT/WO 97/32885;EP 569113;U.S.Pat.Nos.5,587,394;5,648,485和5,693,632一起报导,所有的文献在此引入作为参考。
然而,那些卟啉组化合物的大多数是内消旋-四苯基卟啉衍生物,氯组,叶绿素组,荔枝螺毒素组(purpurin),涅丁(nerdine),狄氏(Diels-Elder)反应加合物等和5-氨基戊酮酸,酞菁以及非卟啉组化合物的。
由于产生单线态氧分子的收率与细胞毒素活性直接相关,收率与细胞毒素活性成比例,在人体的光动力疗法中,它与保留时间一起作为最重要的因素,现在仍然需要改进。然而,上述在临床上使用卟啉化合物作为光敏化剂药物据报导具有几个缺点如在人体中保留的时间太长以致释放不利的光毒性,现在仍然需要改进。
因此,本发明者致力于发现新颖的卟啉衍生物或它们的药用盐,这些衍生物或其药用盐是新改进的氯组,改进常规光敏化剂药物的缺点即相对于常规卟啉衍生物的物理稳定性,较高产量的再生产单线态氧自由基和较高的细胞毒素活性,最终完成本发明。
发明内容
本发明提供在光动力疗法中用作光敏化剂的新的卟啉化合物及其药用盐。
本发明也提供包括上述卟啉化合物的药物组合物,其作为活性成分以其有效剂量与药用载体一起,治疗或预防癌症疾病。
本发明也提供上述卟啉化合物在制备用于治疗或预防人类或哺乳动物中的各种癌症的药物中的用途。
本发明也提供治疗或预防哺乳动物中癌症的方法,其方法包括给予治疗有效量的上述化合物或其药用盐。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供由如下通式(I)表示的新的化合物,及其药用盐:
其中
R1,R2分别是具有1-6个碳原子的直链或支化低级烷基或烷氧基、聚乙二醇基团或磺酰基;
R3是氢原子、具有1-6个碳原子的烷氧基或聚乙二醇基团;
R4是氢原子、羟基或具有1-6个碳原子的烷氧基,
A与氧原子直接连接或桥接,能与包括Ni金属离子的过渡金属离子螯合。
优选的实施方案包括通式(I)的化合物,其中R1,R2选自乙基、丙基、乙二醇基团、二甘醇基团、三甘醇基团、四甘醇基团、六甘醇基团、七甘醇基团或甲氧基乙二醇基团;R3选自氢原子、乙基、丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、乙二醇基团、三甘醇基团、六亚乙基;R4是氢原子、羟基或甲氧基;和A直接连接,条件是R1和R2是相同的基团,而R2不同于R1或R3。
本发明的优选的例示化合物包括由通式(II)-(VII)表示的如下化合物。
因此,本发明进一步的目的在于提供由如下通式(II)表示的新的化合物,及其药用盐:
其中
R1,R2分别是具有1-6个碳原子的直链或支化低级烷基或烷氧基、聚乙二醇基团或磺酰基,它能够与包括Ni金属离子的过渡金属离子螯合。
因此,仍然本发明进一步的目的在于提供由如下通式(III)表示的新的化合物,及其药用盐:
基中
R1是聚乙二醇基团;
R4是氢原子或羟基。
因此,仍然本发明进一步的目的在于提供由如下通式(IV)表示的新的化合物,及其药用盐:
其中
R2是溴丙基、或聚乙二醇基团;
R4是氢原子或羟基。
因此,仍然本发明进一步的目的在于提供由如下通式(V)表示的新的化合物,及其药用盐:
其中
R1是甲基、乙基、或乙二醇基团。
仍然,本发明进一步的目的在于提供由如下通式(VI)表示的新的化合物,及其药用盐:
其中
R1,R2分别是聚乙二醇基团。
仍然,本发明进一步的目的在于提供由如下通式(VII)表示的新的化合物,及其药用盐:
其中
R1是聚乙二醇基团。
具体地,本发明涉及由如下通式(II)表示的化合物,及其药用盐:
其中
R1为甲基,
R2为三甘醇基团。
由通式(I)-(VII)表示的本发明化合物可以用本领域公知的常规方法转变成它们的药用盐。例如,由其药用游离酸形成的酸加成盐是有用的且可以由常规方法制备,例如,在过量酸溶液中溶解化合物之后,将盐由水互混有机溶剂如甲醇、乙醇、丙酮或乙腈沉淀以制备酸加成盐,进一步可以将等量的化合物与水或醇如二醇单甲基醚稀释的酸的混合物加热和随后由蒸发而干燥或在减压下过滤以获得干燥的盐。
作为上述方法的游离酸,可以使用有机酸或无机酸。例如,在此可以使用有机酸如甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、草酸、苯甲酸、乳酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖酸、半乳糖醛酸、谷氨酸、戊二酸、葡萄糖醛酸、门冬氨酸、抗坏血酸、羰基酸、香草酸、氢碘酸等,和无机酸如盐酸、磷酸、硫酸、硝酸、酒石酸等。
此外,可以通过使用碱制备本发明化合物的药用金属盐形式。其碱金属或碱土金属盐可以由常规方法制备,例如,在将化合物溶于过量碱金属氢氧化物或碱土金属氢氧化物溶液之后,过滤不溶性盐并将剩余的滤液进行蒸发和干燥获得。作为本发明的金属盐,钠、钾或钙盐是制药合适的,其相应的银盐可以通过使碱金属盐或碱土金属盐与合适的银盐如硝酸银反应来制备。
如果没有在此具体指出,由通式(I)-(VII)表示的化合物的药用盐可以包括能在化合物中存在的所有酸性盐或碱性盐。例如,本发明的药用盐包括羟基盐如其钠、钙和钾盐;氨基盐如氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、二氢磷酸盐、乙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、乳酸盐、苦杏仁酸盐、甲磺酸盐(甲磺酸盐)和对甲苯磺酸盐(甲苯磺酸盐)等,它们可以由本领域公知的常规方法制备。
由于通式(I)-(VII)表示的化合物含有不对称中心,可以采用光学不同的非对映体形式存在,因此,本发明的化合物包括所有的旋光异构体,R或S立体异构体及其混合物。本发明也包括外消旋混合物,多于一种旋光异构体或其混合物的所有应用以及本领域公知的非对映体所有制备或分离方法。
本发明的化合物可以由以下反应方案中的方法化学合成,该方法仅是例示且决不限制本发明。反应方案表示制备本发明代表性化合物的步骤,也可以遵循如下步骤通过适当改进试剂和初始材料来生产其它化合物,这些被本领域技术人员所正视。
通用合成过程
例如,由通式(I)表示的卟啉化合物其药用盐可以由如下步骤制备:脱镁叶绿素α或10-羟基脱镁叶绿素α由如下方式获得:将干燥的蚕蠕虫粪便或绿藻采用水或有机溶剂如醇、丙酮或氯仿等萃取以获得含卟啉的提取物;将提取物进行重复的柱色谱和薄层色谱以分离脱镁叶绿素α(1)或10-羟基脱镁叶绿素α;然后将分离的化合物与醇(R1OH)在酸或碱存在下在室温或回流条件下反应以获得脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α烷基酯(2)或10-羟基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯,它们用作由通式(II)-(VII)表示的化合物制备的开始材料。
方案1
如以上方案1所示,将脱镁叶绿素α(1)与常规醇(R1OH)如3-溴-1-丙醇或PEG如乙二醇、三甘醇在酸,优选硫酸存在下在氮气下,在溶剂如甲苯、噁嗪、二氯甲烷中反应1小时到3天,优选24小时,采用适当的洗涤溶液洗涤,然后将剩余的溶剂由蒸发器在真空中除去以获得最终产物,脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α酯(2),并将其采用本领域公知的柱色谱或TLC进一步精制和分离。
方案1中所述的详细过程在本文实施例1-3中解释。
方案2
如以上方案2所示,将甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(3)与醇(R2OH)如3-溴-1-丙醇或PEG如乙二醇、三甘醇在酸,优选硫酸或碱,优选吡啶存在下,在氮气下,在惰性溶剂如甲苯、噁嗪、二氯甲烷中反应1小时到3天,优选24小时,采用适当的洗涤溶液洗涤,将剩余的溶剂由蒸发器在真空中除去以获得最终产物脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(4),将它采用本领域公知的柱色谱或TLC进一步精制和分离。
方案2中所述的详细过程在本文实施例4-5中解释。
方案3
如以上方案3所示,将甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(5)与噁嗪在碱,优选吡啶存在下,在氮气下,在惰性溶剂如甲苯、噁嗪、二氯甲烷中反应1小时到3天,优选24小时,采用适当的洗涤溶液如硫酸铵洗涤,然后将剩余的溶剂由蒸发器在真空中除去以获得最终产物噁嗪类脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(6),将其采用本领域公知的柱色谱或TLC进一步精制和分离。
方案3中所述的详细过程在本文实施例6中解释。
方案4
如以上方案4所示,将甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(7)与三甘醇在酸,优选硫酸存在下,在氮气下,在惰性溶剂如甲苯、噁嗪、二氯甲烷中反应1小时到3天,优选24小时,采用适当的洗涤溶液如碳酸氢钠洗涤,将剩余的溶剂由蒸发器在真空中除去以获得最终产物脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(8),将其采用本领域公知的柱色谱或TLC进一步精制和分离。
方案4中所述的详细过程在本文实施例7和8中解释。
方案5
如以上方案5所示,将脱镁叶绿素α(9)与常规醇(R1OH)如3-溴-1-丙醇或PEG如乙二醇、三甘醇在酸,优选硫酸存在下在氮气下在溶剂如甲苯、噁嗪、二氯甲烷中反应1小时到3天,优选24小时,采用适当的洗涤溶液洗涤和将剩余的溶剂由蒸发器在真空中除去。进一步将化合物采用氧化剂如KMnO4、NaIO4在碱性条件下在氮气中,在质子溶剂如水中进行氧化以获得最终产物脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α醇(10),将其采用本领域公知的柱色谱或TLC进一步精制和分离。
方案5中所述的详细过程在本文实施例9中解释。
本发明也提供包括通式为(I)-(VII)的化合物或其药用盐作为活性成分用于预防或治疗各种癌症如人类或哺乳动物中的胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、子宫颈癌和乳腺癌的药物组合物。
根据本发明的通式为(I)-(VII)的化合物可以被提供作为包含药用载体,佐剂或稀释剂的药物组合物。例如,可以将本发明的化合物溶于油、丙二醇或常用的其它溶剂用于生产注射液。载体的合适例子包括生理盐水、聚乙二醇、乙醇、植物油、十四烷酸异丙酯等,但不限于它们。对于局部给药,本发明的化合物中以采用软膏和乳剂的形式配制。
本发明的化合物具有有效的抗癌活性,因此,本发明的药物组合物可通过再产生单线态氧自由基和优异细胞毒素活性来用于治疗或预防各种癌症。
本发明也提供选自通式为(I)-(VII)的化合物或其药用盐的化合物作为光动力疗法中光敏化剂的用途。
根据本发明的另一方面,也提供化合物(I)-(VII)在制造用于治疗或预防各种癌症如人类或哺乳动物中的胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、子宫颈癌和乳腺癌的药物中的用途,。
根据本发明的另一方面,也提供治疗或预防各种癌症如人类或哺乳动物中胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、子宫颈癌和乳腺癌的方法,其包括给予治疗有效量的通式为(I)-(VII)的化合物或其药用盐。
以下的配制方法和赋形剂仅是例示,决不限制本发明。
本发明的化合物在药物剂型上可以采用它们药用盐的形式使用,也可以单独使用或适当的结合使用,以及与其它药用活性化合物结合使用。
通过在水溶剂如生理盐水、5%葡萄糖,或非水溶剂如植物油、合成脂族酸甘油酯、高级脂族酸酯或丙二醇中溶解、悬浮或乳化,本发明的化合物可配制成注射用制剂。配制剂可包括常规添加剂如增溶剂,等渗剂,悬浮剂,乳化剂,稳定剂和防腐剂。
本发明化合物的所需剂量依赖对象的条件和重量,严重度,药物形式,给药途径和周期而变化,可以由本领域技术人员选择。然而,为获得所需的效果,本发明的化合物的一般推荐给药量是0.0001-100mg/kg,优选的为0.001-100mg/kg/天。每天的剂量可以一次或分几次给与。在组成方面,化合物的量应为组合物的总重量的0.0001-10%,优选0.0001-1%。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过各种途径给予到对象动物如哺乳动物(大鼠,小鼠,家庭动物或人类)。设想所有的给药模式例如,给药可以口服、经直肠或由静脉注射、肌内注射、皮下注射、鞘内注射、硬膜外注射或脑室内注射进行。
对本领域技术人员而言,显然可以对本发明的组合物,用途和制备进行各种改进和变化而不背离本发明的精神或范围。
本发明将由如下实施例更具体地解释。然而,应当理解本发明不以任何方式限于这些实施例。
附图说明
从如下详细描述结合附图更清楚地理解本发明的以上和其它目的,特征和其它优点,其中:
图1表示本光敏化物质(DH-1-180-3)的UV光谱;
图2表示在508nm下氧单线态的测定结果(λ激发);
图3表示由MTT测定测量小鼠EMT6细胞系的细胞毒性结果,其中各自表示对照组(对照),仅光辐射组(光),溶剂处理组(DMF),没有光的光敏化剂样品处理组(仅Ps(2))和由本光敏化物质处理组(DH-1-180-3);
图4表示为研究细胞凋亡机理以AnnexinV/PI染色的染色结果;
图5表示通过FACS分析测定不同PDT浓度在细胞中PDT摄取量;
图6表示通过FACS分析测定根据持续时间在细胞中PDT累积比例;
图7表示根据照射光的强度测定细胞毒性程度;
图8表示由FACS分析在PDT处理和JC-1染料染色之后测定在EMT6细胞中MMP(线粒体膜电势);
图9表示由DH-1-180-3处理的EMT6细胞引起的BALB/c小鼠的肿瘤抑制;
图10表示由图9的结果获得的存活曲线。
实施本发明的最佳方式
由如下实施例更具体地解释本发明。然而,应当理解本发明不以任何方式限于这些实施例。
实施例
实施例1:(13-二甘醇-氧羰基)-脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α,甲基酯(2)的制备
将含有脱镁叶绿素α(60mg)的二氯甲烷(3ml)溶液倾入50ml烧瓶,用二甘醇(20ml)处理并搅拌。向其中加入1ml硫酸,搅拌3小时,然后向其中加入碳酸氢钠水溶液。将溶液采用氯仿萃取,收集的氯仿层通过除去有机溶剂而浓缩。将剩余物由柱色谱精制以分离出39mg的(13-二甘醇-氧羰基)-脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(2):
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.51(s,1H,meso-H),9.37(s,1H,meso-H),8.56(s,1H,meso-H),7.99(dd,1H,J=6.2,11.6Hz,CH2=CH),6.29(d,1H,J=17.8Hz,CH2=CH),6.28(s.1H,CH),6.18(d,1H,J=11.6HzCH2=CH),4.48-4.41(m,1H,CH),4.24-4.22(m.1H.CH),4.19-4.04(m,2H,OCH2),3.87(s,3H,OCH3),3.71-3.66(m,2H,CH2),3.68(s,3H,CH3),3.64-3.42(m,6H,CH2OCH2CH2),3.40(s,3H,CH3),3.22(s,3H,CH3),2.68-2.15(m,4H,CH2CH2),1.82(d,3H,J=7.3Hz,CH3),1.69(t,3H,J=7.6Hz,CH3),0.56(br.S.,1H,N-H),-1.61(br.s.,1H,N-H).
实施例2:(13-甲氧基三甘醇-氧羰基)脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(3)的制备
将29mg(13-甲氧基三甘醇-氧羰基)脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(3)由以上实施例1中所述的相同过程制备,区别在于使用脱镁叶绿素(60mg)和甲氧基三甘醇(30ml):
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.45(s,1H,meso-H),9.30(s,1H,meso-H),8.55(s,1H,meso-H),7.93(dd,1H,J=6.2,11.5Hz,CH2=CH),6.26(s.1H,CH),6.25(d,1H,J=17.8Hz CH=CH2),6.14(d,1H,J=11.3HzCH=CH2),4.49-4.44(m,1H,CH),4.22-4.20(m.1H.CH),4.15-4.02(m,2H,OCH2),3.88(s,3H,OCH3),3.67(s,3H,CH3),3.60(q,2H,CH3-CH2),3.51-3.45(m,8H,CH2OCH2CH2OCH2),3.41-3.37(m,2H,CH2),3.38(s,3H,CH3),3.25(s,3H,OCH3),3.16(s,3H,CH3),2.65-2.18(m,4H,CH2CH2),1.82(d,3H,J=7.2Hz,CH3),1.68-1.64(m,,3H,CH3),0.51(br.s.,1H,N-H),-1.61(br.s.,1H,N-H).
实施例3:13-羟基-(13-甲氧基三甘醇氧羰基)脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(4)的制备
使用与实施例1相同的步骤制备22mg的13-羟基-(13-甲氧基三甘醇氧羰基)脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(4),不同的是使用10-羟基脱镁叶绿素α(60mg)和甲氧基三甘醇(20ml):
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.62(s,1H,meso-H),9.49(s,1H,meso-H),8.65(s,1H,meso-H),8.03(dd,1H,J=6.3,11.4Hz,CH2=CH),6.31(d,1H,J=17.8Hz,CH=CH2),6.20(d,1H,J=11.6Hz,CH=CH2),5.78(s,1H,OH),4.52-4.47(m,1H,CH),4.30-4.14(m,3H,CH and OCH2),3.74(s,3H,OCH3),3.74-3.70(m,2H,CH2),3.63-3.57(m,8H,CH2OCH2CH2OCH2),3.60(s,3H,CH3),3.47-3.46(m,2H,CH2),3.43(s,3H,CH3),3.29(s,3H,CH3),3.27(s,3H,OCH3),3.02-2.95,2.64-2.57and2.35-2.21(m,4H,CH2CH2),1.71(t,3H,J=7.5Hz,CH3),1.60(d,3H,J=7.1Hz,CH3),0.30(br.s.,1H,N-H),-1.83(br.s.,1H,N-H).
实施例4:[13-(3-溴-1-丙氧基羰基)]-脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(5)的制备
将含有甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(4)(20mg)的吡啶(4ml)和甲苯(8ml)的溶液倾入50ml烧瓶,采用3-溴-1-丙醇(0.003ml)搅拌处理,加热5小时。然后将溶液采用氯化铵水溶液洗涤并用二氯甲烷萃取。将收集的二氯甲烷层通过除去有机溶剂而浓缩,剩余物由柱色谱精制,分离11mg的[13-(3-溴-1-丙氧基羰基)]-脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(5):
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.52(s,1H,meso-H),9.38(s,1H,meso-H),8.56(s,1H,meso-H),7.99(dd,1H,J=6.2,11.7Hz,CH2=CH),6.28(d,1H,J=19.3Hz,CH=CH2),6.26(d,1H,CH),J=11.6Hz,CH=CH2),6.18(d,1H,J=11.6Hz,CH=CH2),4.52-4.45(m,3H,CH and OCH2),4.24-4.22(m,1H,CH),3.68(s,3H,CH3),3.67(m,2H,CH2),3.56(s,3H,OCH3),3.47-3.34(m,2H,CH2),3.40(s,3H,CH3),3.23(s,3H,CH3),2.68-2.17(m,6H,CH2CH2and CH2),1.83(d,3H,J=7.3Hz,CH3),1.69(t,3H,J=7.6Hz,CH2-CH3),0.54(br.s.,1H,N-H),-1.62(br.s.,1H,N-H).
实施例5:(13-三甘醇氧羰基)脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(6)的制备
采用实施例4中的相似方法,将含有甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(4)(100mg)的吡啶(16ml)和甲苯(15ml)中的溶液倾入50ml烧瓶,采用三甘醇(0.033m)在氮气下处理并加热16小时。然后将溶液采用氯化铵水溶液洗涤并用二氯甲烷萃取。将收集的二氯甲烷层通过除去有机溶剂浓缩,剩余物由柱色谱精制,分离73mg的(13-三甘醇氧羰基)脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(6):
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.53(s,1H,meso-H),9.40(s,1H,meso-H),8.57(s,1H,meso-H),8.00(dd,1H,J=6.3,11.5Hz,CH2=CH),6.30(d,1H,J=18.1Hz,CH=CH2),6.27(s,1H,CH),6.19(d,1H,J=6.3,12.8Hz,CH=CH2),4.49-4.45(m,3H,CH and OCH2),4.26-4.24(m,1H,CH),3.72-3.66(m,4H,CH2and OCH2),3.69(s,3H,CH3),3.55(s,3H,OCH3),3.49-3.39(m,4H,CH2OCH2),3.41(s,3H,CH3),3.31(t,2H,J=4.6Hz,CH2),3.26-3.23(m,5H,CH2and CH3),2.66-2.21(m,5H,CH2CH2and OH),1.82(d,3H,J=7.3Hz,CH3),1.70(t,3H,J=7.6Hz,CH3),0.54(br.s.,1H,N-H),-1.62(br.s.,1H,N-H).
。
实施例6:[13-羟基-(13-三甘醇氧羰基)]脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(7)的制备
将含有甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(4)(50mg)的吡啶(8ml)和噁嗪(23ml)溶液溶于10ml甲苯,加热5小时。然后将溶液采用氯化铵水溶液洗涤并用二氯甲烷萃取。将收集的二氯甲烷层通过除去有机溶剂浓缩,剩余物由柱色谱精制,分离21mg的[13-羟基-(13-三甘醇氧羰基)]-脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(7):
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.76(s,1H,meso-H),9.54(s,1H,meso-H),8.71(s,1H,meso-H),8.01(dd,1H,J=6.2,11.6Hz,CH2=CH),6.34(d,1H,J=17.9Hz,CH=CH2),6.18(d,1H,J=11.6Hz,CH=CH2),6.09(s,1H,OH),4.47-4.42(m,1H,CH),4.07-4.05(m,1H,CH),3.90(s,3H,OCH3),3.77(s,3H,CH3),3.74(q,2H,CH3-CH2),3.54(s,3H,OCH3),3.44(s,3H,CH3),3.26(s,3H,CH3),2.61-1.78(m,4H,CH2CH2),1.71(t,3H,J=7.6Hz,CH2-CH3),1.60(d,3H,J=7.1Hz,CH3),-1.09(br.s.,1H,N-H),-1.41(br.s.,1H,N-H).
实施例7:脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α三甘醇甲基酯(8)的制备
将含有甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(30mg)的溶液溶于20ml三甘醇,搅拌并加入1ml硫酸。然后将溶液用碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将收集的乙酸乙酯层通过除去有机溶剂而浓缩,将剩余物由柱色谱精制,分离32mg的脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α三甘醇甲基酯(8):
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.53(s,1H,meso-H),9.40(s,1H,meso-H),8.57(s,1H,meso-H),8.00(dd,1H,J=6.4,11.5Hz,CH2=CH),6.30(d,1H,J=17.9Hz,CH=CH2),6.29(d,1H,CH),6.19(d,1H,J=12.5Hz,CH=CH2),4.49-4.44(m,3H,CH and OCH2),4.26-4.24(m,1H,CH),4.15-4.07(m,2H,OCH2),3.74-3.65(m,4H,CH2and OCH2),3.69(s,3H,OCH3),3.58-3.43(m,14H,OCH2),3.41(s,3H,CH3),3.35(t,2H,J=4.5Hz,CH2),3.30-3.28(m,2H,CH2),3.24(s,3H,CH3),2.66-2.02(m,6H,CH2CH2 and OH),1.82(d,3H,J=7.3Hz,CH3),1.70(t,3H,J=7.6Hz,CH3),0.55(br.s.,1H,N-H),-1.62(br.s.,1H,N-H).
实施例8:甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α二甘醇酯(9)的制备
将含有脱镁叶绿素α(60mg)的溶液溶于少量二氯甲烷。将20ml二甘醇和1L硫酸加入到其中并搅拌23小时。然后将溶液采用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤并用氯仿萃取。将收集的氯仿层通过除去有机溶剂而浓缩,剩余物由柱色谱精制,分离2mg甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α二甘醇酯(9):
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.26(s,1H,meso-H),8.34(s,1H,meso-H),7.92(dd,1H,J=6.0,11.8Hz,CH2=CH),6.33(s,1H,OH),6.25(d,1H,J=17.8Hz,CH=CH2),6.17(d,1H,J=11.6Hz,CH=CH2),4.88(br.s,2H.OH),4.76-4.60(m,4H,CH2CH2),4.41-4.33(m,3H,CH and CH2),4.27-4.23(m,2H,CH and OCH2),3.96-3.94(m,2H,CH2),3.88-3.80(m,6H,CH2),3.75(s,3H,OCH3),3.75-3.69(m,2H,CH2),3.58(s,3H,CH3),3.31(s,3H,CH3),3.18(s,3H,CH3),2.75-2.00(m,4H,CH2CH2),2.03(d,3H,J=7.0Hz,CH3),1.64(t,3H,J=7.3Hz,CH3),0.87(br.s.,1H,N-H),-1.85(br.s.,1H,N-H).
实施例9:甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α三甘醇酯(10)的制备
将溶于16ml吡啶的甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α甲基酯(100mg)溶液加入到15ml甲苯中。将0.033ml三甘醇加入到其中,在氮气下加热16小时。然后将溶液采用二氯甲烷萃取。将收集的二氯甲烷层通过除去有机溶剂而浓缩,剩余物由柱色谱精制,分离73mg以下命名为DH-1-180-3的甲基脱镁叶绿甲酯酸α三甘醇酯(10):
UV光谱:参见图1
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.53(s,1H,meso-H),9.40(s,1H,meso-H),8.57(s,1H,meso-H),8.00(dd,1H,J=6.3,11.5Hz,CH2=CH),6.30(d,1H,J=18.1Hz,CH=CH2),6.27(s,1H.CH),6.19(d,1H,J=12.8Hz,CH=CH2),4.49-4.45(m,3H,CH and OCH2),4.26-4.24(m,1H,CH),3.72-3.66(m,4H,CH2 and CH2),3.69(s,3H,OCH3),3.55(s,3H,OCH3),3.49-3.39(m,4H,CH2OCH2),3.41(s,3H,CH3),3.31(t,2H,,J=4.6Hz,CH2),3.26-3.23(m,5H,CH2 and CH3),2.66-2.21(m,5H,CH2CH2 andOH),1.82(d,3H,J=7.3Hz,CH3),1.70(t,3H,J=7.6Hz,CH3),0.54(br.s.,1H,N-H),-1.62(br.s.,1H,N-H).
试验例1:本发明化合物到氧单线态的转变活性的测定
目标化合物到氧单线态的转变活性由如下方法测量。
方法
在空气饱和条件(99.999%超纯气体)下使用甲苯(MerckCo.HPLC级)作为溶剂,溶液氧浓度为2.1×10-3M时在21℃下进行试验测定。
结果
在508nm下(λ激发)氧单线态的测定结果,如图2所示,转变的光子产额是0.60(5%)。因此,确认DH-1-180-3到氧单线态的转变活性优异,其物理稳定性也良好。
试验例2:本发明化合物抗癌活性的测定
目标化合物的抗癌活性由如下试验测定。
体内测定
乳腺癌细胞系(EMT6;1×106个细胞/小鼠)移植到BALB/c小鼠(每组12只),7到10天之后,将用1%吐温80稀释的试验样品和用注射水稀释的对照药物分别在试验样品组0.4和0.8mg/kg/小鼠和在对照组2mg/kg/小鼠的剂量下给予每只小鼠。
三个小时之后,将小鼠麻醉,在1.2J的强度下由卤素灯对其进行照射。由测径器在2或3天的间隔下测定每个小鼠的肿瘤尺寸,也测定小鼠根据肿瘤的存活率。
体外测定
将乳腺癌细胞系(EMT6;1×106个细胞/小鼠)在培养基(DMEM+10%FBS+100单位青霉素+100μg链霉素)中培养,采用0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA处理以收集细胞,由Trypan蓝色染色剂染色计数细胞的数目。
将每3ml细胞以2×105个细胞/ml的浓度加入到35mm的培养皿,在有5%CO2的培养箱中孵化24小时使得细胞排列成单层。
将溶于DMF的各种浓度的DH-1-180-3加入到35mm的培养皿中,调节DMF溶剂的浓度不超过0.5%以排除DMF的影响。将光敏化物质加入到其中和在1.2J的强度下由卤素灯对其进行照射。将培养皿转移到培养箱中孵化。
由PDT引起的细胞毒性由MTT测定分析,细胞的形态由显微镜观察。
结果
图3表示由MTT测定的在小鼠EMT6细胞系上的细胞毒性结果。
如在图3中看出的那样,仅光照射组(光)、仅由DMF处理组(DMF)及由光敏化剂样品处理而没有光的组(仅PS(2))不显示细胞毒性,光敏化剂处理组,特别是由0.2μg本发明的光敏化剂处理的组显示显著的细胞毒性,试验组的100%致死发生在0.4μg光敏化剂处理组,它是最有效的浓度。
图4表示为了研究细胞凋亡的作用机理采用Annexin V/PI染色的染色结果。
如可以在图4看出的那样,在对照组中大于90%的细胞存活,而在PDT处理组(0.2μg/小时)中大于50到60%的细胞死亡,这些EMT6细胞死于细胞凋亡。
图5表示通过FACS分析测定不同PDT浓度在细胞中PDT摄取量。
如可以在图5中看出的那样,在细胞中PDT的摄取量以剂量依赖性的方式随PDT的浓度而增加且与细胞毒性密切相关。确认了最强的细胞毒性在MFI(平均荧光强度)的数值是208.92,DH-I-180-3的浓度是至少0.4μg处显现。
图6表示通过FACS分析测定根据持续时间在细胞中PDT累积比例。
如图6中可以看出的那样,在细胞中PDT的累积比例随持续时间而增加且与细胞毒性密切相关。确认了最强的细胞毒性在MFI(平均荧光强度)的数值达到208.92,持续时间是至少60分钟处显现。
图7表示根据照射光的强度测定细胞毒性程度。
如可以在图7中看出的那样,照射光的强度达到1.2J时呈现最强的细胞毒性,但超过强度效果不增加。
图8表示在PDT和JC-1染料染色之后,由FACS分析测定在EMT6细胞中MMP(线粒体膜电势)。
如可以在图8中看出的那样,MMP随PDT显著降低,这与采用荧光显微镜的观察结果一致。
图9表示由DH-1-180-3处理的EMT6细胞引起的BALB/c小鼠的肿瘤抑制。
图10表示由图9的结果得出的存活曲线。
如可以在图10中看出的那样,与对照组相比PDT处理组中的存活比率增大。
根据上述试验结果,处理本发明的DH-1-180-3的最优条件是:用于PDT的光敏化剂浓度是0.4μg/ml,最优吸收时间是1小时,照射强度是1.2J和测定它活性的分析时间是24小时。然而,光卟啉()在50-100μg/ml的浓度下在24小时内不是有效的,其满足相同效果的照射光强度大于DH-1-180-3的10到100倍。
试验3:毒性试验
方法
使用化合物1和10在ICR小鼠(平均体重25±5g)和Sprague-Dawley大鼠(235±10g)上进行急性毒性试验。将由3只小鼠或大鼠组成的每组分别用试验化合物20mg/kg,10mg/kg和1mg/kg或溶剂(0.2ml,腹膜内)腹腔给药,观察24小时。
结果
总体的方面在任何组或任一性别中都没有与治疗相关的死亡,临床体征,体重变化的出现。这些结果提示本发明中制备的化合物是有效的和安全的。
下面描述配制方法和赋形剂的种类,但本发明不限于它们。代表性制备实施例描述如下。
粉末制剂
化合物10 500mg
玉米淀粉 100mg
乳糖 100mg
滑石 10mg
通过混合以上组分和填充密封的包装制备粉末制剂。
片剂制剂
化合物10 100mg
玉米淀粉 100mg
乳糖 100mg
硬脂酸镁 2mg
通过混合以上组分和压片制备片剂制剂。
胶囊制剂
化合物 150mg
乳糖 50mg
硬脂酸镁 1mg
通过混合以上组分和由常规明胶制备方法填充明胶胶囊制备片剂制剂。
注射制剂
化合物1 100mg
注射用蒸馏水 最优数量
PH控制剂 最优数量
通过溶解活性组分,控制pH到约7.5和然后在2ml样品中填充所有组分并由常规注射制剂方法消毒而制备注射制剂。
这样描述了本发明,显然可以采用许多方式变化本发明。不能认为这样的变化背离本发明的精神和范围,对本领域技术人员而言显然所有这样改进都包括在权利要求的范围内。
工业实用性
根据本发明的化合物可用于各种癌症疾病的预防或治疗并具有优于常规光敏化剂的优点,如生产单线态氧的优异光子产额,良好的物理稳定性和有效的细胞毒性。
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EP0142732B1 (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1990-01-24 | Toyo Hakka Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Pheophorbide derivatives and pharmaceutical preparations containing them |
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