CN112267838A - Efficient rock breaking PDC drill bit - Google Patents

Efficient rock breaking PDC drill bit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112267838A
CN112267838A CN202011267649.1A CN202011267649A CN112267838A CN 112267838 A CN112267838 A CN 112267838A CN 202011267649 A CN202011267649 A CN 202011267649A CN 112267838 A CN112267838 A CN 112267838A
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CN
China
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impact
drill bit
blade
tooth
rolling
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Pending
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CN202011267649.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘伟
其他发明人请求不公开姓名
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Individual
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Individual
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/36Percussion drill bits
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/36Percussion drill bits
    • E21B10/38Percussion drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a PDC drill bit for efficiently breaking rock, which belongs to the technical field of petroleum and gas drilling and comprises a drill bit body and blades extending from the drill bit body or fixed on the drill bit body, wherein cutting teeth are arranged on the tooth distribution surfaces of the blades, a drilling fluid flow channel is formed between the adjacent blades, and at least one blade on the drill bit is provided with an impact assembly; the blade is provided with a rolling groove, the impact device rotates along with the transmission device and enters the rolling groove under the action of the matched rolling body, and the transmission mode of the impact device is belt transmission. The structure can impact and pre-crush or pre-damage the rock and reduce the strength of the rock. The matched rolling body enters the rolling groove and then retracts into the blade body without being exposed at the bottom of the well, so that the impact device can be prevented from being eroded, the belt transmission can completely protect the impact device, the impact device is prevented from being out of work due to overlarge load, the service life of the impact device is prolonged, and the drilling efficiency of a drill bit is improved.

Description

Efficient rock breaking PDC drill bit
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling of petroleum and natural gas, mine engineering, construction foundation engineering construction, geology, hydrology and the like, and particularly relates to a PDC drill bit for efficiently breaking rocks.
Background
Drill bits are rock breaking tools used in drilling operations to break rock and form wellbores. The PDC drill bit is one of drill bit tools commonly used in drilling engineering, particularly in the modern rapid drilling process, the footage number of the PDC drill bit reaches over 90% of the total footage of oil and gas drilling, and the PDC drill bit is widely used in the oil and gas drilling by virtue of the advantages of high mechanical drilling speed, low drilling cost, long service life and the like in the drilling process.
In the modern fast drilling technology, when a drill bit has good rock carrying capacity, a good rock breaking and cutting structure is more important, particularly when drilling hard formations with strong abrasiveness and high hardness, because the formations have strong abrasiveness and high hardness, the cutting teeth of a conventional PDC drill bit often have the phenomena of tooth abrasion, tooth breakage and the like in the drilling process, particularly the cutting teeth on the shoulder of the drill bit have higher abrasion speed, when the abrasion of one tooth on the drill bit occurs, the bit pressure borne by the tooth in the adjacent area of the tooth can be increased, the working load of the cutting teeth in the adjacent area is greatly improved, the rapid abrasion of the cutting teeth in the adjacent area is further accelerated, the cutting teeth on a blade are failed after being abraded to a certain degree, the service life of the cutting teeth is rapidly reduced, and the drilling efficiency of the drill bit is greatly reduced.
In order to prolong the service life of cutting teeth in the drilling process of a drill bit and increase the invasion capacity of the drill bit to rocks, more and more drill bit manufacturers and scientific research institutes at home and abroad use impactors and drill bits in a matched mode, so that a certain pressure is applied to the drill bit through the impactors, the stress of the rocks is increased, the stress of the rocks in nearby areas is reduced under the higher pressure, and the scraping capacity of the cutting teeth is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the PDC drill bit for efficiently breaking the rock is provided, so that the service life of the drill bit in hard-to-drill strata with strong abrasiveness, high hardness and the like is prolonged, and the drilling efficiency of the drill bit is improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a high-efficient broken rock PDC drill bit, includes the drill bit body, extends from the drill bit body or fixes a plurality of wing on the drill bit body, be provided with the cutting teeth on the wing cloth flank of tooth, form drilling fluid runner, its characterized in that between the adjacent wing: at least one blade on the drill bit is provided with an impact assembly, and the impact assembly consists of an impact device, a rolling device and a transmission device; the blade is provided with a rolling groove, and the impact device rotates along with the transmission device and enters the rolling groove under the action of the matched rolling body; the exposure height of the impact teeth of the impact device under the impact action is higher than that of the cutting teeth on the blade, and the height difference is delta h; the impact action of the impact device is completed by the combined action of the spring, the rolling device, the transmission device and the matching rolling body; the impact action transmission mode of the impact device is belt transmission.
Typically, the blade-cloth flank is the surface of the blade on which the cutting teeth are disposed, opposite the bottom surface of the well, as shown by item 210 in FIG. 1.
Among the above-mentioned scheme, set up the impact assembly on the wing, can realize that the drill bit creeps into the in-process, to the percussion action of rock, this effect can reach the effect of drill bit, makes the rock that strikes the tooth impact zone territory carry out breakage in advance or damage in advance to form the point hole, thereby greatly reduced the PDC tooth intensity when scraping this region, improve drilling efficiency greatly. The impact device can realize free contraction and impact action through a spring, a rolling device, a transmission device, a matching rolling body and other parts. In the drilling process, the drilling fluid ejected from the nozzle and the drilling fluid in the runner groove drive the blade wheel of the rolling device in the flowing process, so that the blade wheel drives the belt transmission device to rotate. When the matching roller body just contacts with the rolling groove, the spring stores a small part of energy to be compressed under the driving of the transmission device, when the matching roller body enters the rolling groove and rotates along with the transmission device, the spring is in a compressed state, when the matching roller body comes out of the rolling groove, a small part of energy stored by the spring is released, the impact tooth contacts with the rolling groove, and when the matching roller body and the impact tooth come out of the rolling groove, the energy stored by the compression spring is completely released, so that the impact device impacts rocks. The exposure height of the impact teeth of the impact device under the impact action is higher than that of the cutting teeth on the blades, so that the impact teeth can be preferentially contacted with the rock at the bottom of the well and can be pre-crushed or pre-damaged, the load borne by the cutting teeth of the blades for scraping and cutting the rock at the bottom of the well is reduced, and the service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged.
Impact device all exposes throughout in the shaft bottom among the present percussion bit, relies on elastic element to shrink and assault at the shaft bottom, and the structure will cause drilling fluid to impact device's erosion phenomenon on the one hand like this, weakens impact device's life, and on the other hand, impact device exposes in the shaft bottom always, has hindered the migration of detritus in the shaft bottom, influences the discharge of detritus, makes the detritus take place to pile up in the shaft bottom, and then produces the mud pocket, greatly reduced drill bit drilling efficiency. When the matched rolling body contacts the rolling groove on the blade, the impact device compresses the spring to enter the rolling groove to rotate together with the transmission device. When the impact device does not impact, the impact device enters the rolling groove through the matching rolling body and then retracts into the drill bit blade body without being exposed at the well bottom, so that the impact phenomenon of drilling fluid when the drilling fluid is ejected from the nozzle can be greatly reduced, the erosion of the impact device is prevented from being failed, the obstruction to rock debris migration is avoided, the migration efficiency of the rock debris at the well bottom is improved, the rock debris is prevented from being accumulated in the flow channel groove, and the occurrence of the mud bag phenomenon of the drill bit is avoided. Meanwhile, the continuous stress of the impact device at the shaft bottom can be avoided in the rolling groove, the impact device is protected, and the service life of the impact device is greatly prolonged. When the matched rolling body and the impact teeth come out of the rolling groove, the energy stored by the compression spring is released, so that the impact device impacts the rock, and the rock is pre-crushed. The transmission mode of the invention adopts belt transmission, has simple structure and high transmission efficiency, and when the load borne by the drill bit greatly exceeds the maximum friction resistance borne by the belt transmission, the drill bit can generate a slipping effect on the wheel, so that the impact device is not exposed at the well bottom, the damage of parts under the impact of high load is avoided, and the safety protection effect on the parts is achieved.
Alternatively, the percussive assembly is provided in the region of the bit shoulder.
Among the above-mentioned scheme, the cutting volume that the drill bit shoulder cutting teeth produced is big scraping the cutting in-process, and this regional cutting teeth linear velocity is high, and it is big to scrape the load that the in-process rock of cutting bore, makes the cutting teeth emergence wearing and tearing phenomenon easily, will strike the subassembly setting at the drill bit shoulder, can make percussion device preferentially strike the damage to this region to produce breakage in advance or damage in advance to the rock, the load that the cutting teeth received on the greatly reduced drill bit wing improves the life of cutting teeth.
Alternatively, the distance L between the crest point of the impact tooth in the impact device and the tooth surface of the cutting tooth of the blade may be in the range of 15 to 30 mm.
In the scheme, the impact teeth act on the rock at the bottom of the well to generate certain cracks, so that the rock strength of an acting area is reduced, and the load borne by the cutting teeth can be greatly reduced when the cutting teeth of the blades scrape and cut the rock area, so that the rock breaking efficiency of the cutting teeth is improved, and the service life is prolonged. The rock strength of the area acted by the tooth top point in the impact tooth acting area is weakest, the rock strength from the inside to the outside of the area is increased in sequence, the cutting teeth bear different loads by adjusting the distance between the tooth top point of the impact tooth and the tooth surface of the cutting teeth of the cutter wing, and therefore the cutter is suitable for drilling different lithologic stratums, and the using effect of the cutting teeth is optimized reasonably.
Alternatively, the blades of the impact assembly may be arranged to retract in the axial direction of the drill bit, the distance H of the retracted face from the blade cloth tooth face being in the range of 4-25 mm.
In the above scheme, the impact assembly is arranged on the contracted blade, so that the impact action stroke of the impact device is increased, the impact load obtained by the shaft bottom rock is increased, the pre-crushing or pre-damage degree of the shaft bottom rock is greatly improved, the load borne by the cutting teeth when the cutting teeth scrape the region and the region nearby the region is reduced, different impact strokes are adopted for different lithologic strata, the load borne by the cutting teeth can be reasonably optimized, the cutting efficiency and the service life of the cutting teeth are improved, in addition, the blade contraction also increases the chip containing space in a drill bit runner groove, the blockage of a drill bit runner caused by the fact that rock chips cannot be timely moved out is prevented, the occurrence probability of drill bit mud bags is effectively inhibited, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.
The service life of the drill bit is prolonged.
Alternatively, at least two of the blade cloth tooth surfaces of the drill bit are provided with cutting elements of different tooth types.
In the above scheme, the cutting elements with different tooth types are arranged on the blade arrangement surface, and under the pre-crushing action of the impact device on the rock, the tooth with strong attack force further reduces the strength of the rock in the region and the nearby region in the PDC tooth action rock region, so that the acting force of the PDC tooth is greatly reduced, and the service life of the PDC tooth is prolonged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the impact device can impact and crush the rock, reduce the rock strength of the region and the region nearby the region, pre-crush the rock, greatly improve the cutting efficiency of the cutting element when scraping and cutting the region by the cutting element after impact, and prolong the service life of the cutting teeth.
2. Impact device enters into the roll groove through matching the roller body when not impacting the rock, and then retracts to the internal exposure in the shaft bottom of drill bit wing, impact phenomenon when not only can greatly reduced drilling fluid erupts from the nozzle, prevent impact device's erosion inefficacy, the hindrance to the detritus migration has also been avoided in the roll groove in addition, improve the migration efficiency of detritus in the shaft bottom, can avoid impact device to last the atress in the shaft bottom simultaneously in the roll groove, improve impact device life greatly.
3. The impact transmission mode adopts belt transmission, the structure is simple, and when the load borne by the drill bit greatly exceeds the maximum friction resistance borne by the belt transmission, the slipping effect can be generated on the wheel, so that the belt transmission is prevented from being exposed at the bottom of the well, and the impact device plays a role in protection.
4. Through the regulation to the percussion device impact stroke, realize the broken rock efficiency of different stratum lithology and the life of cutting tooth, also increased the chip-containing space of drill bit simultaneously, avoided the emergence of drill bit mud bag phenomenon, improve drill bit life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the drill bit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A of FIG. 2 when the mating roller body enters the rolling groove;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the impingement assembly;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the impact assembly just after mating the roller body with the rolling groove;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the impact assembly as the mating roller body enters the rolling groove;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the impact assembly with the mating roller body exiting the rolling slot and the impact teeth contacting the rolling slot;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the impact device fully out of the rolling slot for impact;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the impact with a dual spring;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the bit retracted in the axial direction of the bit by the blades of the setting percussive assembly;
FIG. 11 is a top view of the drill bit of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG. 11 as the mating roller body enters the rolling groove;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a profile tooth drill bit mounted on a blade;
corresponding part names are labeled in the drawings: 1-bit body, 2-fixed blades, 21-PDC cutting teeth, 210-blade tooth distribution surface, 22-special-shaped teeth, 3-drilling fluid flow channel, 4-nozzle, 5-bit blade contraction surface along the axial direction of the bit, 6-rolling groove, 71-impact device, 711-impact teeth, 72-rolling device, 73-spring, 74-belt transmission device and 75-matching rolling body.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides a PDC drill bit for efficiently breaking rock. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the drilling fluid comprises a bit body 1 and a plurality of blades 2 extending from the bit body 1 or fixed on the bit body 1, wherein cutting teeth 21 are arranged on the blade cloth tooth surface 210, and a drilling fluid flow passage 3 is arranged between adjacent blades 2, and is characterized in that: the impact assembly 7 is arranged on at least one blade 2 on the bit body 1, and the impact assembly 7 consists of an impact device 71, a rolling device 72 and a transmission device 74; the blade 2 is provided with a rolling groove 6, the impact device 71 rotates along with the transmission device 74, and enters the rolling groove 6 under the action of the matching rolling body 75; the exposure height of the impact teeth 711 of the impact device 71 under the impact action is higher than the exposure height of the cutting teeth 21 on the blade 2, and the height difference is delta h; the impact action of the impact device 71 is completed by the combined action of a spring 73, a rolling device 72, a transmission device 74 and a matching rolling body 75; the impact action transmission mode of the impact device 71 is belt transmission.
The drill bit is at the in-process of creeping into, and the impact assembly can realize the impact action to the rock, and this effect can reach the effect of drill bit, carries out the breakage in advance or damages in advance to the rock region that the impact tooth acted on to form the point hole, reduce the intensity when cutting tooth scrapes this region on the wing, improve drilling efficiency greatly. The exposure height of the impact teeth of the impact device under the impact action is higher than that of the cutting teeth on the blades, so that the impact teeth can be preferentially contacted with the rock at the bottom of the well and can be pre-crushed or pre-damaged, the load borne by the cutting teeth of the blades for scraping and cutting the rock at the bottom of the well is reduced, and the service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged, as shown in figure 3. The entire impact assembly drives the rolling device impeller by the flow of the slurry, thereby rotating the transmission, as shown in fig. 4. When the mating roller body just comes into contact with the rolling groove, the spring stores a small portion of energy under the drive of the transmission to be compressed, as shown in fig. 5. When the matching roller body enters the rolling groove to rotate along with the transmission device, the spring is in a compressed state, as shown in fig. 6. When the mating roller body exits the rolling groove, a small portion of the stored energy of the spring is released, causing the impact teeth to contact the rolling groove, as shown in FIG. 7. When the matching roller body and the impact tooth come out of the rolling groove, the energy stored by the compression spring is completely released, so that the impact device impacts the rock, as shown in fig. 8. Besides the single spring, the springs used in the impact device can also be distributed on two sides of the impact rod by using double springs, so that the high-efficiency stability of the impact device is improved, as shown in fig. 9. Meanwhile, the impact assembly is arranged in a shoulder area with large cutting amount of the shoulder of the drill bit, so that the impact device can pre-crush or pre-damage rocks in the area, the load borne by the cutting teeth of the blades when the cutting teeth act on the area is reduced, and the service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged, as shown in fig. 1.
When the cutting teeth break rock in the area acted by the impact device, loads borne by the cutting teeth at different scraping positions are different, and the cutting teeth bear different loads by adjusting the distance between the addendum point of the impact teeth and the tooth surface of the cutting teeth of the blade, so that the rock breaking device is suitable for drilling different lithologic stratums, and the using effect of the cutting teeth is reasonably optimized, as shown in fig. 2. The impact assembly is arranged on the contracted blade, so that the impact device has different impact strokes, the rock is subjected to different impact loads, the stress loads of the cutting teeth on different strata are reasonably optimized, the cutting efficiency of the cutting teeth is improved, the chip containing space in the drill bit runner groove is increased, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged, as shown in figures 10, 11 and 12.
The bit is provided with cutting elements of different tooth types, and under the pre-crushing action of the impact device on the rock, the strength of the rock in the region and the nearby region is further reduced by the tooth with strong attack force in the rock region acted by the PDC tooth, so that the acting force of the PDC tooth is greatly reduced, and the service life of the PDC tooth is prolonged, as shown in fig. 13.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a high-efficient broken rock PDC drill bit, includes the drill bit body, extends from the drill bit body or fixes a plurality of wing on the drill bit body, be provided with the cutting teeth on the wing cloth flank of tooth, form drilling fluid runner, its characterized in that between the adjacent wing: at least one blade on the drill bit is provided with an impact assembly, and the impact assembly consists of an impact device, a rolling device and a transmission device; the blade is provided with a rolling groove, and the impact device rotates along with the transmission device and enters the rolling groove under the action of the matched rolling body; the exposure height of the impact teeth of the impact device under the impact action is higher than that of the cutting teeth on the blade, and the height difference is delta h; the impact action of the impact device is completed by the combined action of the spring, the rolling device, the transmission device and the matching rolling body; the impact action transmission mode of the impact device is belt transmission.
2. The PDC drill bit for efficiently breaking rocks according to claim 1, wherein: the impact assembly is disposed in a bit shoulder region.
3. The PDC drill bit for efficiently breaking rocks according to claim 1, wherein: the distance L between the vertex of the impact tooth and the tooth surface of the cutting tooth of the blade in the impact device ranges from 15 mm to 30 mm.
4. The PDC drill bit for efficiently breaking rocks according to claim 1, wherein: the blades provided with the impact assembly can contract along the axial direction of the drill bit, and the distance H between the contraction surface and the tooth surface of the blade cloth ranges from 4 mm to 25 mm.
5. The PDC drill bit for efficiently breaking rocks according to claim 1, wherein: cutting elements with different tooth types are arranged on at least two blade cloth tooth surfaces on the drill bit.
CN202011267649.1A 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Efficient rock breaking PDC drill bit Pending CN112267838A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011267649.1A CN112267838A (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Efficient rock breaking PDC drill bit

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011267649.1A CN112267838A (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Efficient rock breaking PDC drill bit

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CN112267838A true CN112267838A (en) 2021-01-26

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105019833A (en) * 2015-07-21 2015-11-04 吉林大学 Bionic adaptive PDC drill bit
CN107313720A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-11-03 四川弘毅智慧知识产权运营有限公司 A kind of interior impact grinding formula PDC composite drill bits
CN107503690A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-12-22 四川弘毅智慧知识产权运营有限公司 A kind of scalable breaking PDC composite drill bits
CN207406280U (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-05-25 兰州城市学院 One kind is non-to wash multiple cone PDC cutter composite drill bit certainly
CN111411898A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-07-14 西南石油大学 Composite drill bit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105019833A (en) * 2015-07-21 2015-11-04 吉林大学 Bionic adaptive PDC drill bit
CN107313720A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-11-03 四川弘毅智慧知识产权运营有限公司 A kind of interior impact grinding formula PDC composite drill bits
CN107503690A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-12-22 四川弘毅智慧知识产权运营有限公司 A kind of scalable breaking PDC composite drill bits
CN207406280U (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-05-25 兰州城市学院 One kind is non-to wash multiple cone PDC cutter composite drill bit certainly
CN111411898A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-07-14 西南石油大学 Composite drill bit

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Application publication date: 20210126