CN112302538A - PDC-roller composite bit - Google Patents

PDC-roller composite bit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112302538A
CN112302538A CN202011267945.1A CN202011267945A CN112302538A CN 112302538 A CN112302538 A CN 112302538A CN 202011267945 A CN202011267945 A CN 202011267945A CN 112302538 A CN112302538 A CN 112302538A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
impact
drill bit
rolling
pdc
bit
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Pending
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CN202011267945.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘伟
其他发明人请求不公开姓名
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN202011267945.1A priority Critical patent/CN112302538A/en
Publication of CN112302538A publication Critical patent/CN112302538A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/08Roller bits
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/36Percussion drill bits
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/36Percussion drill bits
    • E21B10/38Percussion drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids

Abstract

The invention discloses a PDC-roller composite bit, which belongs to the technical field of petroleum and gas drilling and comprises a bit body, a bit leg, a roller and fixed blades, wherein the fixed blades are provided with cutting teeth; the fixed blade is provided with a rolling groove, the impact device rotates along with the transmission device and enters the rolling groove under the action of the matched rolling body, and the transmission mode is belt transmission. The structure can impact and pre-crush or pre-damage the rock and reduce the strength of the rock. The matched rolling body enters the rolling groove and then retracts into the blade body without being exposed at the well bottom, so that the impact device can be prevented from being eroded, the belt transmission can completely protect the impact device, the impact device is prevented from being out of work due to overlarge load, the service life of the impact device is prolonged, and the drilling efficiency of the composite drill bit is improved.

Description

PDC-roller composite bit
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling of petroleum and natural gas, mine engineering, construction foundation engineering construction, geology, hydrology and the like, and particularly relates to a PDC-roller composite drill bit.
Background
Drill bits are rock breaking tools used in drilling operations to break rock and form wellbores. The PDC drill bit is one of drill bit tools commonly used in drilling engineering, particularly in the modern rapid drilling process, the footage number of the PDC drill bit reaches over 90% of the total footage of oil and gas drilling, and the PDC drill bit is widely used in the oil and gas drilling by virtue of the advantages of high mechanical drilling speed, low drilling cost, long service life and the like in the drilling process.
In the modern fast drilling technology, when a drill bit has good rock carrying capacity, a good rock breaking and cutting structure is more important, particularly when drilling hard formations with strong abrasiveness and high hardness, because the formations have strong abrasiveness and high hardness, the cutting teeth of a conventional PDC drill bit often have the phenomena of tooth abrasion, tooth breakage and the like in the drilling process, particularly the cutting teeth on the shoulder of the drill bit have higher abrasion speed, when the abrasion of one tooth on the drill bit occurs, the bit pressure borne by the tooth in the adjacent area of the tooth can be increased, the working load of the cutting teeth in the adjacent area is greatly improved, the rapid abrasion of the cutting teeth in the adjacent area is further accelerated, the cutting teeth on a blade are failed after being abraded to a certain degree, the service life of the cutting teeth is rapidly reduced, and the drilling efficiency of the drill bit is greatly reduced.
In order to prolong the service life of cutting teeth in the drilling process of a drill bit and increase the invasion capacity of the drill bit to rocks, more and more drill bit manufacturers and scientific research institutes at home and abroad design PDC-cone composite drill bits with different structural forms, the rock at the bottom of a well is reduced by the grinding action of cone teeth to invade a stratum, the rock is scraped and cut by fixed blade cutting teeth under the action of lower load to break rocks, and the rock breaking efficiency of the PDC-cone composite drill bit in the drilling process is greatly improved. In order to further improve the rock breaking efficiency and the service life of the PDC-roller cone composite drill bit, related scientific research personnel use the impacter and the composite drill bit in a matched mode, so that a certain pressure is applied to the composite drill bit through the impacter, the stress of rocks is increased, the stress of the nearby area is reduced by the rocks under the larger pressure, and the scraping capacity of cutting teeth is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the PDC-cone composite drill bit is provided, so that the service life of the composite drill bit in hard-to-drill strata with strong abrasiveness, high hardness and the like is prolonged, and the drilling efficiency of the PDC-cone composite drill bit is improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the PDC-roller composite drill bit comprises a drill bit body, a bit leg, a roller cone and a fixed blade extending from the drill bit body, wherein the fixed blade is provided with a cutting tooth, the roller cone is arranged on the bit leg, and the roller cone is provided with teeth, and is characterized in that: the drill bit body is provided with at least one fixed blade which is provided with an impact assembly, and the impact assembly consists of an impact device, a rolling device and a transmission device; the fixed blade is provided with a rolling groove, and the impact device rotates along with the transmission device and enters the rolling groove under the action of the matched rolling body; the exposure height of the impact teeth of the impact device under the impact action is higher than that of the cutting teeth on the fixed blade wing, and the height difference is delta h; the impact action of the impact device is completed by the combined action of the spring, the rolling device, the transmission device and the matching rolling body; the impact action transmission mode of the impact device is belt transmission.
In the scheme, the impact assembly is arranged on the fixed blade, so that the impact effect of the PDC-roller cone composite drill bit on rocks can be realized in the drilling process, the effect can reach the effect of a drill bit, the rocks in an impact effect area impacted by the impact teeth are pre-crushed or pre-damaged, and pit forming is performed, so that the intensity of the PDC teeth in the process of scraping and cutting the area is greatly reduced, and the drilling efficiency is greatly improved. The impact device can realize free contraction and impact action through a spring, a rolling device, a transmission device, a matching rolling body and other parts. In the drilling process, the drilling fluid ejected from the nozzle and the drilling fluid in the runner groove drive the blade wheel of the rolling device in the flowing process, so that the blade wheel drives the belt transmission device to rotate. When the matching roller body just contacts with the rolling groove, the spring stores a small part of energy to be compressed under the driving of the transmission device, when the matching roller body enters the rolling groove and rotates along with the transmission device, the spring is in a compressed state, when the matching roller body comes out of the rolling groove, a small part of energy stored by the spring is released, the impact tooth contacts with the rolling groove, and when the matching roller body and the impact tooth come out of the rolling groove, the energy stored by the compression spring is completely released, so that the impact device impacts rocks. The exposure height of the impact teeth of the impact device under the impact action is higher than the exposure height of the cutting teeth on the fixed blades, so that the impact teeth can be preferentially contacted with the rock at the shaft bottom for pre-crushing or pre-damaging, the load borne by the cutting teeth of the fixed blades for scraping and cutting the rock at the shaft bottom is reduced, and the service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged.
The impact device in the impact composite drill bit of the prior design is always exposed in the well bottom, and the well bottom is contracted and impacted by the elastic element, so that the structure can cause the erosion phenomenon of drilling fluid to the impact device on one hand, the service life of the impact device is weakened, and on the other hand, the impact device is always exposed in the well bottom, thereby hindering the migration of rock debris in the well bottom, influencing the discharge of the rock debris, accumulating the rock debris in the well bottom, further generating a mud pocket and greatly reducing the drilling efficiency of the PDC-roller cone composite drill bit. When the matched roller body contacts the rolling groove on the fixed blade, the impact device compresses the spring to enter the rolling groove to rotate together with the transmission device. When the impact device does not impact, the impact device enters the rolling groove through the matching rolling body, and then retracts into the composite drill bit wing body and is not exposed at the well bottom, so that the impact phenomenon of drilling fluid when the drilling fluid is ejected from the nozzle can be greatly reduced, the erosion failure of the impact device is prevented, the obstruction to rock debris migration is avoided, the migration efficiency of the rock debris at the well bottom is improved, the rock debris is prevented from being accumulated in the flow channel groove, and the occurrence of the mud bag phenomenon of the composite drill bit is avoided. Meanwhile, the continuous stress of the impact device at the shaft bottom can be avoided in the rolling groove, the impact device is protected, and the service life of the impact device is greatly prolonged. When the matched rolling body and the impact teeth come out of the rolling groove, the energy stored by the compression spring is released, so that the impact device impacts the rock, and the rock is pre-crushed. The transmission mode of the invention adopts belt transmission, has simple structure and high transmission efficiency, and when the load borne by the composite drill bit greatly exceeds the maximum friction resistance borne by the belt transmission, the composite drill bit can generate a slipping effect on the wheel, so that the impact device is not exposed at the well bottom, the damage of parts under the impact of high load is avoided, and the effect of safety protection on the parts is achieved.
Alternatively, the percussive assembly is provided in the region of the bit shoulder.
In the scheme, the cutting amount of the cutting teeth on the shoulder part of the PDC-roller cone composite drill bit is large in the scraping and cutting process, the linear speed of the cutting teeth in the area is high, the load borne by rocks in the scraping and cutting process is large, the cutting teeth are easily abraded, the impact assembly is arranged on the shoulder part of the composite drill bit, the impact device can be made to impact and damage the area preferentially, so that the rocks are pre-crushed or pre-damaged, the load borne by the cutting teeth on blades of the PDC-roller cone composite drill bit is greatly reduced, and the service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged.
Alternatively, a special water hole is arranged on the composite drill bit body to spray liquid flow to drive the rolling device to rotate.
In the above scheme, set up dedicated water hole and come to drive the rolling device, can guarantee the rotation of rolling device by the high efficiency, avoid hindering the drive of liquid stream to the rolling device because of the detritus volume is too big to improve the impact efficiency who strikes the subassembly greatly.
Alternatively, the distance L between the crest point of the impact tooth in the impact device and the tooth surface of the cutting tooth of the fixed blade may be in the range of 15 to 30 mm.
In the scheme, the impact teeth act on the rock at the bottom of the well to generate certain cracks, so that the rock strength of an acting area is reduced, the load borne by the cutting teeth can be greatly reduced when the cutting teeth with the fixed blades scrape the rock area, the rock breaking efficiency of the cutting teeth is improved, and the service life is prolonged. The rock strength of the area acted by the tooth top point in the impact tooth acting area is weakest, the rock strength from the inside to the outside of the area is increased in sequence, and different loads are borne by the cutting teeth through adjusting the distance between the tooth top point of the impact tooth and the tooth surface of the cutting teeth of the fixed blade, so that the impact tooth is suitable for drilling different lithologic stratums, and the using effect of the cutting teeth is optimized reasonably.
Alternatively, the blades of the impact assembly may be arranged to retract in the axial direction of the composite drill bit, the distance H of the retraction surface from the blade surface being in the range 4-25 mm.
In the scheme, the impact assembly is arranged on the contracted blade, so that the impact action stroke of the impact device is increased, the impact load obtained by the shaft bottom rock is increased, the pre-crushing or pre-damage degree of the shaft bottom rock is greatly improved, the load borne by the cutting teeth when the cutting teeth scrape the area and the area nearby the area is reduced, meanwhile, different impact strokes are adopted for different lithologic stratums, the load borne by the cutting teeth can be reasonably optimized, the cutting efficiency and the service life of the cutting teeth are improved, in addition, the blade contraction also increases the chip containing space in the composite drill bit runner groove, the drill bit runner blockage caused by the fact that rock chips cannot be timely moved out is prevented, the occurrence probability of a composite drill bit mud bag is effectively inhibited, and the service life of the PDC-cone composite drill bit is prolonged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the impact device can impact and crush the rock, reduce the rock strength of the region and the region nearby the region, pre-crush the rock, greatly improve the cutting efficiency of the cutting element when scraping and cutting the region by the cutting element after impact, and prolong the service life of the cutting teeth.
2. When rock is not impacted, the impact device enters the rolling groove through the matching rolling body and then retracts into the PDC-roller cone composite bit blade body without being exposed at the well bottom, so that the impact phenomenon of drilling fluid when the drilling fluid is ejected from the nozzle can be greatly reduced, the erosion failure of the impact device is prevented, the obstruction to rock debris migration is avoided in the rolling groove, the migration efficiency of the rock debris at the well bottom is improved, meanwhile, the impact device can be prevented from continuously bearing force at the well bottom in the rolling groove, and the service life of the impact device is greatly prolonged.
3. The impact transmission mode adopts belt transmission, the structure is simple, and when the load borne by the PDC-roller composite drill bit greatly exceeds the maximum friction resistance borne by the belt transmission, a slipping effect can be generated on a wheel, so that the belt transmission is prevented from being exposed at the bottom of a well, and the impact device plays a role in protection.
4. The rock breaking efficiency of different stratum lithology and the service life of the cutting teeth are realized by adjusting the impact stroke of the impact device, and meanwhile, the chip containing space of the PDC-roller cone composite drill bit is increased, the phenomenon of bit balling is avoided, and the service life of the PDC-roller cone composite drill bit is prolonged.
5. The special water hole is arranged for driving the rolling device, the rotation of the rolling device can be efficiently ensured, the phenomenon that the liquid flow drives the rolling device due to the overlarge rock debris amount is avoided, and the impact efficiency of the impact assembly is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a PDC-roller cone composite bit structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the composite drill bit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A of FIG. 2 when the mating roller body enters the rolling groove;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the impingement assembly;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the impact assembly just after mating the roller body with the rolling groove;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the impact assembly as the mating roller body enters the rolling groove;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the impact assembly with the mating roller body exiting the rolling slot and the impact teeth contacting the rolling slot;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the impact device fully out of the rolling slot for impact;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the impact with a dual spring;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the blades of the setting percussive assembly retracting in the axial direction of the composite drill bit;
FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the direction B-B of FIG. 10 when the mating roller body enters the rolling groove;
corresponding part names are labeled in the drawings: 1-bit body, 2-fixed blades, 21-PDC cutting teeth, 3-drilling fluid flow channels, 41-nozzles, 42-rolling device driving water holes, 51-bit legs, 52-roller cones, 521-roller cone upper teeth, 6-rolling grooves, 71-impact devices, 711-impact teeth, 72-rolling devices, 73-springs, 74-belt transmission devices, 75-matching rollers and 8-composite bit blades along the axial direction shrinkage face of the bit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides a PDC-roller cone composite drill bit. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the bit comprises a bit body 1, a bit leg 51, a cone 52, and a fixed blade 2 extending from the bit body 1, wherein the fixed blade 2 is provided with cutting teeth 21, the cone 52 is mounted on the bit leg 51, and the cone 52 is provided with teeth 521, and the bit is characterized in that: the drill bit body 1 is provided with an impact assembly 7 on at least one fixed blade 2, wherein the impact assembly 7 consists of an impact device 71, a rolling device 72 and a transmission device 74; the fixed blade 2 is provided with a rolling groove 6, and the impact device 71 rotates along with the transmission device 74 and enters the rolling groove 6 under the action of the matching rolling body 75; the exposure height of the impact teeth 711 of the impact device 71 under the impact action is higher than the exposure height of the cutting teeth 21 on the fixed blade 2, and the height difference is delta h; the impact action of the impact device 71 is completed by the combined action of a spring 73, a rolling device 72, a transmission device 74 and a matching rolling body 75; the impact action transmission mode of the impact device 71 is belt transmission.
The drill bit is at the in-process of creeping into, and the impact assembly can realize the impact action to the rock, and this effect can reach the effect of drill bit, carries out the breakage in advance or damages in advance to the rock region that the impact tooth acted on to form the point hole, reduce the intensity when cutting tooth scrapes this region on the wing, improve drilling efficiency greatly. The exposure height of the impact teeth of the impact device under the impact action is higher than that of the cutting teeth on the fixed blades, so that the impact teeth can be preferentially contacted with the rock at the bottom of the well and can be pre-crushed or pre-damaged, the load borne by the cutting teeth of the fixed blades for scraping and cutting the rock at the bottom of the well is reduced, and the service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged, as shown in figure 3. The entire impact assembly drives the rolling device impeller by the flow of the slurry, thereby rotating the transmission, as shown in fig. 4. When the mating roller body just comes into contact with the rolling groove, the spring stores a small portion of energy under the drive of the transmission to be compressed, as shown in fig. 5. When the matching roller body enters the rolling groove to rotate along with the transmission device, the spring is in a compressed state, as shown in fig. 6. When the mating roller body exits the rolling groove, a small portion of the stored energy of the spring is released, causing the impact teeth to contact the rolling groove, as shown in FIG. 7. When the matching roller body and the impact tooth come out of the rolling groove, the energy stored by the compression spring is completely released, so that the impact device impacts the rock, as shown in fig. 8. Besides the single spring, the springs used in the impact device can also be distributed on two sides of the impact rod by using double springs, so that the high-efficiency stability of the impact device is improved, as shown in fig. 9. The impact assembly is arranged in a shoulder area with large shoulder cutting amount of the composite drill bit, so that the impact device can pre-crush or pre-damage rocks in the area, the load borne by the cutting teeth with fixed blades and fixed blades when acting on the area is reduced, the service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged, a special water hole is arranged on the composite drill bit body, the water hole sprays liquid flow to drive the rolling device to rotate, the rotation of the rolling device can be efficiently ensured, and the impact efficiency of the impact assembly is greatly improved, as shown in fig. 1.
When the cutting teeth break rock in the area acted by the impact device, loads borne by the cutting teeth at different scraping positions are different, and the cutting teeth bear different loads by adjusting the distance between the tooth crest point of the impact teeth and the tooth surface of the cutting teeth of the fixed blade, so that the cutting teeth are suitable for drilling different lithologic stratums, and the using effect of the cutting teeth is reasonably optimized, as shown in fig. 2. The impact assembly is arranged on the contracted blade, so that the impact device has different impact strokes, the rock is subjected to different impact loads, the stress loads of the cutting teeth on different strata are reasonably optimized, the cutting efficiency of the cutting teeth is improved, the chip containing space in the runner groove of the composite drill bit is increased, and the service life of the composite drill bit is prolonged, as shown in fig. 10 and 11.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The PDC-roller composite drill bit comprises a drill bit body, a bit leg, a roller cone and a fixed blade extending from the drill bit body, wherein the fixed blade is provided with a cutting tooth, the roller cone is arranged on the bit leg, and the roller cone is provided with teeth, and is characterized in that: the drill bit body is provided with at least one fixed blade which is provided with an impact assembly, and the impact assembly consists of an impact device, a rolling device and a transmission device; the fixed blade is provided with a rolling groove, and the impact device rotates along with the transmission device and enters the rolling groove under the action of the matched rolling body; the exposure height of the impact teeth of the impact device under the impact action is higher than that of the cutting teeth on the fixed blade wing, and the height difference is delta h; the impact action of the impact device is completed by the combined action of the spring, the rolling device, the transmission device and the matching rolling body; the impact action transmission mode of the impact device is belt transmission.
2. The PDC-cone composite drill bit of claim 1, wherein: the impact assembly is disposed in a bit shoulder region.
3. The PDC-cone composite drill bit of claim 1, wherein: the composite drill bit body is provided with a special water hole for jetting liquid flow to drive the rolling device to rotate.
4. The PDC-cone composite drill bit of claim 1, wherein: the distance L between the vertex of the impact tooth and the tooth surface of the cutting tooth of the fixed blade in the impact device ranges from 15 mm to 30 mm.
5. The PDC-cone composite drill bit of claim 1, wherein: the blade provided with the impact assembly can contract along the axial direction of the composite drill bit, and the distance H between the contraction surface and the blade surface ranges from 4 mm to 25 mm.
CN202011267945.1A 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 PDC-roller composite bit Pending CN112302538A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011267945.1A CN112302538A (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 PDC-roller composite bit

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113356764A (en) * 2021-07-13 2021-09-07 中国石油大学(北京) Cone impact composite PDC drill bit and using method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105019833A (en) * 2015-07-21 2015-11-04 吉林大学 Bionic adaptive PDC drill bit
CN107313720A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-11-03 四川弘毅智慧知识产权运营有限公司 A kind of interior impact grinding formula PDC composite drill bits
CN107503690A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-12-22 四川弘毅智慧知识产权运营有限公司 A kind of scalable breaking PDC composite drill bits
CN207406280U (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-05-25 兰州城市学院 One kind is non-to wash multiple cone PDC cutter composite drill bit certainly
CN111411898A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-07-14 西南石油大学 Composite drill bit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105019833A (en) * 2015-07-21 2015-11-04 吉林大学 Bionic adaptive PDC drill bit
CN107313720A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-11-03 四川弘毅智慧知识产权运营有限公司 A kind of interior impact grinding formula PDC composite drill bits
CN107503690A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-12-22 四川弘毅智慧知识产权运营有限公司 A kind of scalable breaking PDC composite drill bits
CN207406280U (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-05-25 兰州城市学院 One kind is non-to wash multiple cone PDC cutter composite drill bit certainly
CN111411898A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-07-14 西南石油大学 Composite drill bit

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113356764A (en) * 2021-07-13 2021-09-07 中国石油大学(北京) Cone impact composite PDC drill bit and using method thereof

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Application publication date: 20210202