CN215169749U - Diamond bit with self-adaptive buffer module - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a diamond drill bit with self-adaptive buffer module, which comprises a blade and a cutting tooth, wherein at least one buffer module is arranged on the drill bit, the buffer module is rotationally connected with a drill bit body, and the buffer part of the buffer module is eccentrically arranged relative to the rotary axis of the buffer module; the buffer module realizes the contraction and extension trend movement of the buffer part on the buffer module relative to the cutting teeth in a rotating mode through the interaction between the buffer module and the rock. The utility model discloses can be at the direction and creep into, compound and creep into under other complicated motion operating mode, or creep into hard stratum, heterogeneous stratum condition under, when the wing cutter received impact load, the trend motion is being stretched out to the buffering portion, can play and absorb impact load, reduce or avoid the purpose that the cutter struck and damages, and simultaneously, get into at the drill bit and stabilize broken rock in-process, the shrink trend motion is done to the buffering portion, reduce or avoid the influence of buffering portion to the wing cutter depth of invasion, guarantee the broken rock efficiency of drill bit.

Description

Diamond bit with self-adaptive buffer module

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical equipment field such as oil and gas probing engineering, mine engineering, building foundation engineering drilling construction, geological drilling, geothermol power probing, hydrographic probing, tunnel engineering, shield structure and non-excavation especially relates to a diamond bit with self-adaptation buffer module.

Background

Rock breaking is an essential problem in drilling. Mechanical rock breaking is still the main operation mode in oil and gas drilling at present, a drill bit is a rock breaking tool for breaking rock and forming a shaft, the drill bit plays an irreplaceable role in drilling engineering as an absolute main force, and a roller cone drill bit and a PDC drill bit are most commonly used. The roller bit generates lateral pressure by means of the extrusion effect of teeth on rock at the bottom of a well, the lateral pressure forms shearing force, the rock is broken and fails after reaching the shearing strength, and the utilization rate of the rock is reduced by the transmission and conversion of energy in the process. The PDC drill bit breaks rock in an efficient shearing mode and gradually replaces the roller bit in soft to medium-hard strata. In particular, rapid progress in cutting tooth material technology, bit basic theory and bit design technology widens the formation adaptability of PDC bits, and the proportion of PDC bits in the total drilling footage of oil and gas drilling has increased from 5% to 90% in the eighties of the nineteenth century.

Fixed cutter bits, typically PDC bits, typically have a plurality of blades with a plurality of cutting teeth disposed radially along the bit (for PDC bits, the cutting teeth are primarily polycrystalline diamond compacts, compacts for short, or PDC teeth). The data show that deep complex formations, which account for only 20% of the total footage, cost 80% of the total cost of the entire drilling cycle. The difficult-to-drill stratum mainly refers to the stratum with poor drillability, and is particularly represented by high hardness, high inhomogeneous degree, strong grindability, high temperature and the like of rock. These rock property conditions may exist in various complex combinations, variations and are generally unpredictable, especially when the conditions are expressed in deep formations such as deep wells and ultra-deep wells. The drilling bit has short drilling life in complex and difficult-to-drill stratum, needs to consume more bits, and causes frequent tripping, which becomes one of the technical bottlenecks for restricting cost reduction and efficiency improvement of drilling engineering.

During drilling, the cutting teeth of the PDC drill bit overcome the ground stress to bite into the stratum under the action of the bit weight, and the stratum materials are sheared and crushed under the driving of the torque. Compared with a rock breaking mode of impact rolling of the roller bit, the required driving torque is larger. When drilling into deep hard-to-drill stratum, especially when drilling into soft and hard staggered gravel-containing stratum, the depth of the drill bit penetrating into the stratum changes frequently, and the drill bit vibrates violently in the circumferential direction, the transverse direction and the axial direction. At this time, the drill bit cutting teeth bear large circumferential and axial impact loads, which cause bit chipping, damage, breakage of the drilling tool and damage to other downhole tools and measuring instruments, and seriously affect drilling efficiency. Particularly in the outer third of the drill bit, are more susceptible to damage due to the high linear velocity. After the cutting teeth of the PDC drill bit are abraded, the bit pressure is often increased for keeping a certain mechanical drilling speed, the torque is particularly sensitive to the bit pressure, and along with the increase of the bit pressure, the torque is increased, so that the working condition of the drill bit is worse, and the drill bit is easy to lose efficacy. How to increase the service life of the PDC drill bit in deep difficult-to-drill stratum and reduce the sensitivity degree of the torque of the drill bit to the bit pressure is an important technical problem of prolonging the service life of a downhole drilling tool and the drill bit and improving the drilling efficiency.

To this end, researchers in this field have tried to provide a buffer structure on a drill bit, such as a diamond drill bit (application number: 201810138571.X) suitable for drilling hard formations, and this patent proposes that a buffer base is extended in front of a blade, and a buffer element is provided on the buffer base, so that when drilling a complex hard formation, the circumferential span can be effectively reduced, and circumferential shock vibration can be weakened, and at the same time, the buffer element can share part of axial weight, reduce axial shock, and protect PDC teeth. However, the buffer element in the patent is a fixed buffer element, the relative height between the buffer element and the diamond teeth is a fixed value, the stratum adaptation range of the fixed buffer element is narrow, and for the stratum with complicated and changeable lithology, especially when drilling a soft stratum from a hard stratum, the fixed buffer element can reduce the intake capacity of the diamond teeth and reduce the drilling speed of a drill bit.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The invention of the utility model aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the diamond drill bit with the self-adaptive buffer module is provided to solve the problem that the cutting teeth of the drill bit rapidly lose efficacy due to impact under the working conditions of complex formations difficult to drill, complex vibration, particularly directional drilling, composite drilling and the like, so that the purpose of protecting the cutting teeth is achieved, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged. The PDC drill bit is particularly used for solving the problems that the existing PDC drill bit is insufficient in impact resistance, large in torque fluctuation and poor in directional drilling performance in directional drilling.

The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme:

a diamond drill bit with self-adaptive buffer modules comprises a drill bit body and blades extending out of the drill bit body, wherein cutting teeth are arranged on the blades, at least one buffer module is arranged on the drill bit, the buffer module is rotatably connected with the drill bit body, and a buffer part of the buffer module is eccentrically arranged relative to the rotary axis of the buffer module;

when the buffer part of the buffer module at the initial position bears impact force from stratum rocks, the buffer part absorbs impact load, reduces the impact force of the cutting teeth of the blade and plays a role in buffering the cutting teeth;

the buffer part of the buffer module performs contraction trend movement relative to the cutting teeth in a rotating mode under the stress action of contact with downhole rock so as to reduce or avoid the influence of the buffer module on the invasion depth of the cutting teeth;

when the buffer part of the buffer module is separated from contact with the rock at the bottom of the well or the contact resistance moment is smaller than the reset torque, the buffer part rotates to the initial position of the buffer part in a rotating mode under the action of the reset mechanism, the extension trend movement relative to the cutting teeth is realized, the position of the buffer part relative to the cutting teeth is raised, and the buffer part plays a role in buffering the impact which is subsequently and again received by the cutting teeth. The reset mechanism includes two types: one is to use a spring as an energy storage element, and the buffer part is driven by the spring force or the torque to do reset motion. The other type is a hydraulic reset structure or a hydraulic reset device, and the hydraulic reset device has two structural types, namely a linear reciprocating motion reset structure and a rotary reset structure. The hydraulic pressure structure that resets also needs the spring to provide drive power or moment that resets usually, is provided with aperture check valve and aperture check valve in hydraulic circuit that the hydraulic pressure reset the structure, and at the buffering in-process of buffer portion, aperture check valve is opened for a short time, and aperture check valve is closed for a long time, and liquid stroke resistance is big, can realize better buffering effect. And in the reset stroke, the large-aperture check valve is opened, the liquid resistance is small, and the quick reset can be realized.

According to the scheme, the relative height between the buffer module and the cutting teeth of the drill bit is adjusted according to the stratum conditions, the purpose of weakening premature failure of the cutting teeth caused by impact or vibration is achieved, the service life of the drill bit during drilling in a hard stratum is prolonged, and the invasion capacity and the cutting efficiency of the cutting teeth of the drill bit cannot be influenced by the buffer module like a fixed buffer joint during normal drilling.

Preferably, the buffer module is arranged on the blade and is rotatably connected with the blade.

Preferably, when the cushion module is in the initial position, the height difference H between the highest point of the cushion portion of the cushion module and the highest point of the cutting tooth blade is as follows: d is more than or equal to H and less than or equal to D, and D is the diameter of the cutting tooth.

Preferably, the buffer module comprises a rotating body and buffer teeth, the rotating body is rotatably mounted in the base hole of the cutter blade, the buffer teeth are eccentrically arranged relative to the rotation axis of the rotating body to form a buffer part, and the rotating body is connected with a reset mechanism arranged on the drill bit, so that the buffer module is automatically reset after being rotated by an external force and when the external force disappears.

Preferably, the buffer teeth are fixed to the rotor by being fitted thereto, or the buffer teeth are rotatably connected to the rotor, or the buffer teeth and the rotor are integrally formed.

In the scheme, the buffer teeth can be fixed on the rotor in the modes of interference fit, welding, threaded connection and the like, and different types of buffer teeth can be conveniently replaced according to the stratum condition and the structural requirements of the drill bit; the buffer teeth can also adopt a structural design integrated with the rotating body, and the processing is convenient; the buffering tooth adopts the mode of rotating the connection on the rotor, can reduce the friction between buffering tooth and the rock, reduces the wearing and tearing rate of buffering tooth, prolongs the life of buffering module.

Preferably, the buffer teeth are spherical teeth, wedge-shaped teeth, conical teeth or PDC teeth.

Preferably, a wear-resistant layer is provided on a surface of the buffer tooth.

In the above-mentioned scheme, the wearing layer can increase the wearability of buffering tooth, improves the life of buffering tooth.

Preferably, a housing is arranged between the rotor and the base hole, the housing is fixed on the blade, the rotor is arranged in the housing, and the rotor and the housing form a rotating connection.

Preferably, the snubber module is mounted on a drill bit having a PDC cutting structure combined with other cutting structures, including movable cutting structures.

In the above scheme, the other movable rock breaking structures can be cone rock breaking structures, disc cutter rock breaking structures, impact rock breaking structures or a combination of at least two rock breaking structures among the cone rock breaking structures, the disc cutter rock breaking structures and the impact rock breaking structures. Different cutting structure combinations are selected according to different formation conditions and drilling process parameters so as to enhance the adaptability of the drill bit in a specific formation.

Preferably, the size range of the front inclination angle of the buffer module is more than 0 degree and less than or equal to alpha and 60 degrees, and the value range of the deflection angle is more than or equal to-60 degrees and less than or equal to beta and 60 degrees.

In the above scheme, since the buffer module has a certain inclination angle and the buffer teeth are eccentrically arranged relative to the axis of the rotating body, the buffer module is integrally in a state that one side is high and the other side is low. When the drill bit initially drills, the buffer tooth and the rotor rotate around the rotor axis from a free state due to the friction of the rock against the buffer tooth, i.e. the buffer tooth moves from the free state on the lowest side to the highest side, and the reset mechanism accumulates energy. When the drill bit is drilled in heterogeneous strata or strata with high brittleness, the drill bit jumps upwards, the friction between the buffer part of the buffer module and the strata is reduced, namely the rotating torque provided by the friction force is lower than the reset torque provided by the reset mechanism, the reset mechanism releases the accumulated elastic energy, the rotating body and the buffer teeth rotate towards the free state, and the relative height between the buffer teeth and the fixed cutting teeth of the drill bit is reduced. When the drill bit falls back to the well bottom, the buffer teeth can absorb impact force to impact generated when the drill bit rotates, so that the buffer effect is achieved, and the condition that the cutting depth of the cutting teeth of the drill bit is too large instantly is avoided. Then, when the drill bit normally drills, the reset mechanism drives the rotating body to rotate under the friction of rocks, the buffer tooth has the process of retracting in the blade relative to the blade of the drill bit, and meanwhile, the reset mechanism accumulates energy again, and the self-adaptive adjustment of the cutting depth of the cutting teeth of the drill bit is realized through the circulation.

Preferably, the return mechanism is a torsion spring.

Among the above-mentioned scheme, through the torsional spring as the canceling release mechanical system of rotor atress rotation back, at the rotatory in-process of rotor, adopt the torsional spring to save the energy, make full use of torsional spring is along with the great characteristic of the increase resistance of deformation in addition, improves buffering effect to after the atress disappears, can reset fast, in order to realize alleviating as the preparation for next impact.

Preferably, the rotating body of the buffer module makes a telescopic motion along the axial direction while rotating.

In the above scheme, the axial extension of the buffer module is utilized to realize the automatic adjustment of the relative height between the buffer teeth and the cutting teeth according to the stratum property and the working state of the cutting teeth, so that the purposes of absorbing the bit pressure when the drill bit impacts the well bottom, avoiding the damage of the cutting teeth caused by the impact and prolonging the working life of the drill bit are achieved.

Preferably, the rotating body is provided with a spiral groove, and a projection which is correspondingly matched with the spiral groove is arranged on the axial moving path of the rotating body.

In the above scheme, through the setting of helicla flute on the rotor, reduce the strict requirement degree of buffer module installation angle on the wing of a knife, make things convenient for drill bit processing. When normally boring into, when the buffering tooth is rotatory under the friction of shaft bottom rock, drive the rotation of rotor, the rotor can climb along the helicla flute when rotatory, and then realizes that the volume that stretches out of buffering tooth reduces. At the same time, due to the arrangement of the reset mechanism, the rotation of the rotating body can enable the reset mechanism to accumulate energy. When the drill bit runs into the inhomogeneous or more brittle stratum and jumps, the friction between the buffer tooth and the stratum rock is reduced, the energy accumulated by the reset mechanism enables the rotor to rotate in the opposite direction and move along the track of the spiral groove, the extension amount is increased, and when the drill bit falls back to the well bottom, the buffer tooth can play a role in absorbing impact force on the impact generated when the drill bit returns, so that the buffer effect is achieved, and the condition that the cutting depth of the drill bit cutting tooth is instantaneously too large is avoided. And then, when the drill bit normally drills, the buffer teeth drive the rotating body to rotate under the friction of rocks, the relative height of the buffer teeth and the cutting teeth is reduced, and meanwhile, the reset mechanism accumulates energy again, so that the self-adaptive adjustment of the cutting depth of the cutting teeth of the drill bit is realized through circulation.

Preferably, the reset mechanism is a torsion spring, a compression spring or a hydraulic reset structure.

In the above scheme, the rapid reset of the buffer module can be realized by using a torsion spring, a compression spring or a hydraulic reset structure.

Preferably, the motion and the force/moment can be transmitted between the return mechanism and the buffer portion through a gear mechanism (including a rack and pinion mechanism, a bevel gear mechanism, and the like), a coupling, a chain transmission, and other transmission mechanisms.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

1. the buffer module on the drill bit can automatically adjust the height between the drill bit and the cutting teeth, so that the invasion capacity of the cutting teeth is not influenced during normal drilling, and the faster mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit is kept; when the drill bit receives impact load, the buffer part of the buffer module can be quickly restored to the initial position, the impact load of the drill bit is effectively absorbed, the failure of the drill bit due to the fact that the cutting teeth are caused by large impact is avoided, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.

2. In the directional well drilling process, the drill bit works in a milling-like mode, and each blade of the drill bit acts on stratum rock in turn, in this case, the mode of height adjustment between the buffer part and the cutting teeth is realized in an axial telescopic mode. The buffer module mentioned in the patent can realize the adjustment of the relative height between the buffer module and the cutting teeth in a rotating mode through the friction between the buffer module and the rock, and can play an effective buffer effect in directional well drilling.

3. Besides revolving around the axis of the buffer module, the buffer teeth can also rotate around the axis of the buffer teeth, so that the friction between the buffer teeth and the stratum can be reduced, and the service life of the buffer module is prolonged.

Drawings

The invention will be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention with an adaptive buffer module.

Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the definition of the side corner and the front rake angle of the cushion module.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an operating position of the buffer module in embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 is another schematic view of the working position of the buffer module in embodiment 1.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the moment arm variation of the buffer tooth.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the working attitude of the drill bit in directional drilling.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of bit blade span in directional drilling.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of PDC teeth mounted on the buffer module.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a flat-inlaid structure of a spherical PDC tooth serving as a buffer tooth.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a cushion tooth with an insert structure.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a secondary buffer portion with a convex ring shape.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the buffer module mounted position on the blade relative to the cutting teeth.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the buffer module mounted on the extended support of the blade.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a blade extension support in cantilever configuration.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the blade extension support being an interface between two adjacent blades.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a rock breaking structure with a movable structure being a disc cutter.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the movable structure being a rock-breaking impact structure.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a rock breaking structure with a movable structure of a roller cone.

Fig. 20 is a schematic view of a freely rotatable configuration of the cushion teeth relative to the rotor.

Fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer module provided in embodiment 2.

Fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer module provided in embodiment 3.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer module provided in embodiment 4.

Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer module provided in embodiment 5.

Fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a cushion module having a hydraulic pressure returning function provided in embodiment 6.

Fig. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer module provided in embodiment 7.

Fig. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer module provided in embodiment 8.

Fig. 28 is a schematic structural view of a buffer module with rack and pinion engagement.

Wherein 91 is a drill bit center line, 911 is a shaft center line, 1 is a blade, 10 is a blade inner flow passage, 11 is a base hole, 101 is a first blade, 102 is a second blade, 103 is a third blade, 104 is a fourth blade, 105 is a fifth blade, 106 is a fixed buffer module, 110 is a blade extension support, 2 is a cutter, 3 is a buffer module, 301 is a housing, 302 is a rotator, 3021 is an outer cover plate, 3022 is a rotary support, 3023 is a screw, 3024 is a wear-resistant support, 303 is a reset mechanism, 304 is a buffer tooth, 3041 is a secondary buffer portion, 305 is a ball, 306 is a direction, 307 is a spiral groove, 308 is a protrusion, is a cavity, 310 is a seal ring, 311 is a rotation axis of the buffer module, 5 is a hydraulic device, 501 is a first chamber, 502 is a second chamber, 503 is an intermediate valve seat, 504 is a first check valve (small-diameter check valve), 505 is a second check valve (large-diameter check valve), 506 is an energy storage element, 507 is a reset piston, 508 is a gear, 509 is a rack, 6 is a cutter-coiling rock breaking structure, 7 is an impact rock breaking structure, 8 is a cone rock breaking structure, 9 is a bent screw, 910 is a drill bit, and 912 is a drill bit body.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the indication of the position or the positional relationship is based on the position or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or the positional relationship that the utility model is usually placed when using, or the position or the positional relationship that the skilled person conventionally understands, or the position or the positional relationship that the utility model is usually placed when using, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or suggest that the indicated device or element must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and thus, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases for a person of ordinary skill in the art; the drawings in the embodiments are provided to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Example 1

The utility model provides a diamond bit with self-adaptation buffering module, including bit body 912 and the wing 1 that extends from bit body 912, be provided with cutting teeth 2 on the wing 1, set up a buffering module 3 on drill bit 910 at least, buffering module 3 rotates with bit body 912 and is connected, buffering module 3's buffering portion is for the eccentric setting of 3 gyration axes of buffering module.

When the buffer part of the buffer module 3 in the initial position receives impact force from the formation rock, the buffer part absorbs impact load, reduces the impact force of the blade cutting teeth 2, and plays a role in buffering the cutting teeth 2.

The buffer part of the buffer module 3 performs contraction trend movement relative to the cutting tooth 2 in a rotating mode under the action of stress of contact with downhole rock so as to reduce or avoid the influence of the buffer module 3 on the invasion depth of the cutting tooth 2.

When the buffer part of the buffer module 3 is separated from contact with the rock at the bottom of the well or the contact resistance moment is smaller than the reset torque, the buffer part rotates to the initial position of the buffer part in a rotating mode under the action of the reset mechanism 303, the extension trend movement relative to the cutting teeth 2 is realized, the position of the buffer part relative to the cutting teeth is raised, and the buffer effect is realized for the subsequent impact on the cutting teeth 2 again.

As shown in fig. 1, the drill bit according to the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the buffer module 3 includes a rotating body 302 and buffer teeth 304, the surface of the buffer teeth 304 is provided with a wear-resistant layer, the rotating body 302 is rotatably installed in the base hole 11 of the blade 1, a casing 301 is arranged between the rotating body 302 and the base hole 11, the casing 301 is fixed on the blade 1, the rotating body 302 is installed in the casing 301, the rotating body 302 and the casing 301 form a rotating connection, the reset mechanism 303 is arranged between the casing 301 and the rotating body 302, the rotating body 302 is connected with the reset mechanism 303 arranged in the casing 301, so that the buffer module 3 is automatically reset after being rotated by an external force and when the external force disappears, the buffer teeth 304 are eccentrically arranged relative to the rotation axis of the rotating body 302 to form a buffer part, that is, the highest point of the buffer teeth is not on the axis of the rotating body.

As shown in fig. 4, the reset mechanism 303 between the housing 301 and the rotating body 302 is a torsion spring, and the housing 301 and the rotating body 302 are fixed in the axial direction by the balls 305.

When the whole drill bit is not in contact with the rock, the position of the buffer module is called as an initial position, and when the buffer module 3 is at the initial position, the height difference H between the highest point of the buffer part of the buffer module 3 and the highest point of the cutting edge of the cutting tooth 2 is as follows: d is more than or equal to H and less than or equal to D, and D is the diameter of the cutting tooth 2.

Wherein, several concepts are defined by the posture of the buffer module at the initial position, specifically:

in the initial position, the relative height H between the bumper tooth 304 and the cutting tooth 2 can be determined in three ways: the bumper tooth 304 is higher than the cutter 2, the bumper tooth 304 is flush with the cutter 2, and the bumper tooth 304 is lower than the cutter 2. As shown in fig. 4, the buffer tooth 304 is arranged higher than the cutting tooth 2.

As shown in FIG. 2, O is the center point of the drill, O1 is the center point of the buffer module 3, and O2 is the center point of the buffer. It is assumed that the bit has a plane of cut through it passing through the bit axis and a point on the bit, which is referred to as the axis plane or axial plane passing through the point. Then, as shown in fig. 3, the normal to the bit crown line through the cushion block center point O1 in the axial plane through the cushion block 3 center point O1 is referred to as the direction reference line 306 of the cushion block.

As shown in FIG. 3, the angle between the reference line 306 of the cushion module 3 and the bit centerline 91 is referred to as the normal angle γ of the cushion module 3, the sign of the normal angle γ being positive in the direction shown and negative at the bit cone. The included angle between the rotation axis 311 of the buffer module 3 and the direction reference line 306 is called as the deflection angle β of the buffer module, and the value range of β is-60 ° or more and β or less than 60 °.

Referring to fig. 3, the angle between the rotation axis 311 of the cushion module 3 and the direction reference line 306 when viewed from a is referred to as the rake angle of the cushion module, the sign of the rake angle α is positive in the direction shown in the drawing, and the rake angle of the cushion module is in the range of 0 ° < α ≦ 60 °.

Referring to fig. 2, a straight line O1M is formed by connecting the drill center point O and the center point O1 of the cushion module 3, and the perpendicular lines O1N and O1N passing through O1 and O1M point are directed in the same direction as the drill rotation direction. Connecting the center point O1 of the buffer module 3 with the center point O2 of the buffer gear 304, the included angle between the lines O102 and O1N is defined as the working angle K of the buffer module 3. The value range of K is more than 0 degree and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

It should be noted that, according to the structural design requirement of the buffer module 3 itself, the buffer module 3 may rotate clockwise around the point O1 in the illustrated direction, or may rotate counterclockwise around the point O1 in the illustrated direction, and the positive value of K is consistent with the rotation direction of the buffer module 3 regardless of the clockwise rotation or the counterclockwise rotation.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, when the drill bit contacts with the rock at the bottom of the hole, the cutting teeth 2 scrape the rock, the eccentric buffer teeth 304 installed on the buffer module 3 generate friction with the rock, and since the buffer teeth 304 are installed on the rotatable rotator 302, the buffer teeth 304 rotate under the friction force to drive the rotator 302 to rotate. The damping module 3 has a forward inclination angle α when installed, and thus, when the rotating body 302 rotates, the height between the damping tooth 304 and the cutting tooth 2 changes, and the rotation of the rotating body 302 rotates the torsion spring and causes the torsion spring to accumulate elastic energy. During normal drilling, the damping tooth 304 rotates under the friction of the formation rock to position K, as shown in fig. 1 for the position of the damping module 3 on the blade 1. At this time, the cutting teeth 2 bear most of the weight of the drill bit, the buffer teeth 304 bear little weight of the drill bit, the cutting teeth 2 have a deep penetration depth and relatively high capability of cutting rocks, and the drill bit has a high mechanical drilling speed. When the drill bit runs into inhomogeneous stratum or stratum with great brittleness, the drill bit produces axial impact vibration and makes the drill bit jump up and down. When the drill bit is run up the borehole, the buffer tooth 304 tends to move off the bottom of the hole, the friction between the buffer tooth 304 and the rock is reduced, and the elastic energy accumulated in the torsion spring is released, so that the rotor 302 is rotated from the position K toward the free-state position, that is, the buffer tooth 304 tends to extend with respect to the cutter tooth 2. Impact energy or impact load generated when the drill bit falls back can be absorbed by the protruding buffer teeth 304, so that the purpose of reducing the impact load of the cutting teeth 2 is achieved, the cutting teeth are protected, and the service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged.

On the other hand, as shown in fig. 6, the initial position of the buffer tooth 304 is shown, where the moment arm between the buffer tooth 304 and the center of the buffer module is L, and the moment arm L gradually increases with the rotation of the buffer tooth 304. The moment arm L gradually increases, and the friction between the buffer tooth 304 and the rock tends to increase the moment at the center of the buffer module from small to large, so that the rotation speed of the buffer tooth 304 correspondingly changes from slow to fast. When the buffering tooth 304 returns to the original position to play the buffering role, the buffering effect cannot disappear immediately due to the slow initial rotating speed of the buffering tooth 304, the buffering role can last for a certain time, and then before entering the stable drilling, the rotating speed of the buffering tooth 304 is accelerated, so that the normal invasion scraping of the cutting tooth 2 is not influenced.

In particular, the attitude of the drill bit during directional drilling is shown in fig. 7. Because the upper part of the drill 910 is provided with the bending screw 9, the central line 91 of the drill is not coincident with the central line 911 of the shaft, and an included angle epsilon exists between the central line 91 of the drill and the central line 911 of the shaft, namely, the drill 91 rotates at a speed omega around the central line 91 of the drill except for the rotation speed omega₂In addition, the revolution speed omega around the center line 911 of the shaft is also provided₁The borehole diameter is now larger than the drill bit diameter. Due to the enlargement of the borehole diameter, only one side of the drill bit 91 is in contact with the borehole wall during directional drilling, and there are cases where the drill bit blades 1 alternately cut the borehole wall, as shown in fig. 8. When switching from one blade contacting the borehole wall to another blade contacting the borehole wall, the drill bit 91 may be subjected to impact loads during the switching of the blades 1 due to the existence of a certain span S between adjacent blades. Impact loading is highly likely to cause rapid failure of the external cutter of the drill bit. However, to increase the deflecting effect, the lateral cutting ability of the drill bit cannot be reduced. Therefore, the impact existing in the blade switching process can be weakened by adding the buffer module on the drill bit, and the side cutting capability of the cutting teeth after impact is not influenced.

Therefore, the working process of the buffer module can be divided into three stages:

the first is the damping phase, i.e. the initial phase of the blade undergoing the impact. At this time, the buffer portion is at the initial position and at the initial stage of starting to rotate to the low position (the buffer portion height is lowered by a small amount), and at this stage, the contact area between the buffer portion and the rock at the bottom of the well is large, and a good buffer effect can be exhibited.

The second is a sharp reduction phase of the cushioning effect (or limiting the depth of cut effect). In this stage, the buffer part is in the middle and later stages of rotation to the lowest position, and the effect of limiting the depth of eating is obviously reduced until the lowest position is reached. The third is the stabilization phase. At the moment, the buffer part is at the lowest position, the effect of limiting the depth of attack is the weakest, and the corresponding blade is in a stable cutting stage.

The third is the reset phase. The cutting depth of the blade cutting teeth is gradually reduced, the buffer part gradually moves towards the direction of being separated from the contact with the well bottom, and at the moment, the buffer part is quickly reset under the action of the torsion spring.

Further, the cutting teeth 2 may be PDC teeth (polycrystalline diamond compact), TSP teeth (thermally stable diamond poly wafer), axe teeth, impregnated horizontal teeth with micro-cutting function, and other diamond cutting teeth with non-flat surfaces, and the materials include artificial diamond, natural diamond, impregnated diamond, cemented carbide, cubic boron nitride, ceramic, and the like.

The buffer teeth 304 on the rotor 302 are spherical teeth, conical teeth, wedge-shaped teeth, PDC teeth, etc. As shown in FIG. 9, a schematic diagram of a conventional PDC tooth for buffer tooth 304 is shown. The size of the PDC teeth may be large sized PDC teeth, such as teeth having a diameter greater than 23 mm. When the conventional PDC teeth are used as buffer teeth, the rake angle Q of the cutting teeth has two mounting modes: the first type is a PDC tooth with Q being 0 degrees and the front rake angle mode, the whole tooth column side face of the PDC tooth can be in contact with the rock, the contact area is large, and larger impact load can be borne. The second is that Q gets the rake angle bigger than cutting tooth 2 on blade 1, if be greater than 30, the rake angle is bigger, and the diamond flank of tooth is bigger with the area of contact of rock, firstly can increase the impact area of contact, secondly utilizes the strong characteristics of diamond layer wearability, prolongs the life-span of buffering tooth.

The buffer teeth 304 can also be installed in a mode of flat embedding of spherical PDC teeth, as shown in FIG. 10, the abrasion resistance of diamond and the blunt characteristics of the spherical teeth are fully utilized, the impact load absorption capacity is strong, and the abrasion resistance is further improved. The buffer teeth 304 may also be flat-inlaid with conical-ball PDC teeth or pointed-conical PDC teeth, depending on the need for buffering effect.

The buffer teeth 304 may be fixed on the rotor by interference fit, welding, screwing, etc., as shown in fig. 11, which is a schematic structural diagram of the buffer teeth 304 fixed on the rotor 302 by interference fit.

As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the rotor 302 has a secondary buffer portion 3041 in addition to the buffer teeth 304, the secondary buffer portion 3041 is a spherical tooth, a conical tooth, a wedge-shaped tooth, a PDC tooth, etc., and the secondary buffer portion 3041 in fig. 11 is a schematic view of a spherical tooth. The secondary cushion portion 3041 may be fixed to the rotor by interference fit, welding, or screwing. The secondary cushion portion 3041 may also be another irregular annular boss, as shown in fig. 12. Here the highest point of the secondary bumper 3041 is lower than the highest point of the bumper tooth 304. When the cutting tooth 2 has too large depth of penetration, the buffering effect of the buffering tooth 304 is weaker, and the secondary buffering part 3041 in the scheme is added to assist in enhancing the buffering effect of the buffering module.

For the installation position of the buffer module on the drill bit, the buffer module can be installed on the blade where the cutting teeth are located, and can also be installed on an independent blade of the drill bit. Taking the five-blade drill bit in fig. 13 as an example, the second blade 102 in fig. 13 is the buffer module 3 installed on the independent blade of the drill bit.

For the situation that the buffer module is installed on the blade where the cutting tooth is located, there are several installation methods, taking the five-blade drill bit in fig. 13 as an example: firstly, a buffer module is arranged behind the cutting teeth on the blade, and as shown in fig. 13, the buffer module 3 is arranged on the fourth blade 104; the buffer module is arranged in front of the cutting teeth on the blade, and as shown in fig. 13, the buffer module 3 is arranged on the third blade 103; and thirdly, the buffer module and the cutting teeth are arranged in parallel, and as shown in fig. 13, the buffer module 3 is arranged on the first blade 101. The above installation modes can be one installation mode or a combination of several installation modes. In addition, the above installation method may be installed in combination with a fixed buffer module, such as the fixed buffer module 106 installed on the fifth blade 105 in fig. 13, and the fixed buffer module 106 may be a tapered tooth, a spherical tooth, or other blunt teeth.

Wherein the damping module 3 can also be mounted on the blade extension support 110, as shown in fig. 14. In this embodiment, the blade extension support 110 may extend towards the front end of the blade or towards the rear end of the blade, and fig. 14 shows a schematic view that the blade extension support 110 extends towards the front end of the blade 1. Blade extension support 110 may or may not be attached to the bit body, as shown in fig. 15, i.e., blade extension support 110 and blade 1 form a cantilever beam structure, as shown in fig. 16. Blade extension support 110 may be a connection between two adjacent blades, such as blade extension support 110 between first blade 101 and second blade 102 as shown in fig. 16.

The cushion module may also be mounted on a drill bit having PDC cutting structures combined with other cutting structures, including movable cutting structures. The movable cutting structure may be a discal rock breaking structure 6 as shown in fig. 17, or an impact rock breaking structure 7 as shown in fig. 18, or a roller rock breaking structure 8 as shown in fig. 19, or at least two movable rock breaking structures.

In this embodiment, the buffer teeth 304 are fixed to the rotor 302 by being inserted.

In addition, the damper teeth 304 of the damper module 3 are freely rotatable with respect to the rotor 302. Here, a structure that the buffer tooth 304 can freely rotate is given, as shown in fig. 20, and specifically, the rotor 302 is composed of an outer cover plate 3021, a rotary support base 3022, a screw 3023 and a wear-resistant support 3024. Compared with the buffer teeth 304 which are embedded and fixed on the rotating body 302, the buffer teeth 304 which can rotate freely can reduce the rapid wear failure between the buffer teeth 304 and the rock caused by friction, and improve the service life of the buffer teeth.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 21, the difference from embodiment 1 is that: the rotor 302 of the cushion module 3 makes a telescopic motion in the axial direction while rotating.

In this embodiment, the rotating body 302 is provided with a spiral groove 307, and a protrusion 308 corresponding to the spiral groove 307 is provided on the path of the axial movement of the rotating body 302.

Specifically, the inner wall of the housing 301 is provided with a protrusion 308 corresponding to a spiral groove 307 on the rotor 302, a reset mechanism 303 is installed between the housing 301 and the rotor 302, and the buffer module 3 is fixedly connected with the blade 1 through the housing 301. In the free state, the uppermost end of the spiral groove 307 is in contact with the projection 308, i.e., the uppermost end of the spiral groove 307 functions to restrict the rotational position of the rotor 302. The reset mechanism 303 may be an axial reset spring, when the eccentric buffer tooth 304 acts on the rock in the well bottom, the eccentric buffer tooth 304 rotates with the rotor 302, and due to the spiral groove 307 and the protrusion 308, the rotor 302 may also generate an axial movement along the axial direction of the buffer module while rotating, and the rotor 302 retracts into the housing 301. At the same time, the rotor 302 presses an axial return spring provided between the rotor 302 and the housing 301, and the axial return spring accumulates energy. When the drill bit vibrates and breaks free of the rock downhole, the axial return spring releases energy, which pushes the rotor 302 out of the housing 301 along the helical groove 307, tending to return to its initial position. Due to the extending movement of the buffer teeth 304, when the drill bit falls to the bottom of the well, the eccentric buffer teeth 304 bear pressure, so that the drill bit is buffered and the cutting teeth are protected.

In this embodiment, due to the spiral groove 307 and the protrusion 308, the rake angle of the cushion module 3 can be set to 0 °, which reduces the difficulty of processing and installation.

In this embodiment, the axial return spring may be a compression spring, a high-elasticity rubber element, or a torsion spring, and the torsional restoring force of the torsion spring may enable the rotating body 302 to restore to the free state position more quickly, so as to absorb the impact load in time.

Example 3

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2 except that the return mechanism is a hydraulic device.

As shown in fig. 22, the hydraulic device includes a first chamber 501, a second chamber 502, an intermediate valve seat 503, a first check valve 504, a second check valve 505, an energy storage element 506, and a return piston 507. The first chamber 501 contains hydraulic oil. During initial drilling, the buffer teeth 304 rotate under the action of the friction force of formation rock to drive the rotating body 302 to rotate, the rotating body 302 moves upwards along the spiral groove 307, meanwhile, the rotating body 302 compresses hydraulic oil in the first chamber 501 and flows into the second chamber 502 through the first one-way valve 504 with a smaller diameter, the hydraulic oil in the second chamber 502 pushes the reset piston 507 to move and compress the energy storage element 506, so that the energy storage element 506 stores energy, and in the process, the rotating speed of the rotating body 302 is smaller; when the drill bit is drilling steadily, the buffer teeth 304 are in steady equilibrium. When the drill bit runs into an inhomogeneous stratum or a stratum with larger brittleness, the drill bit jumps up and down, when the drill bit jumps, the friction force between the buffer teeth 304 and the stratum is reduced, the stable balance working state is broken, the compressed energy storage element 506 releases energy to push the reset piston 507 to compress the hydraulic oil in the second chamber 502, so that the hydraulic oil quickly enters the first chamber 501 through the second one-way valve 505 with larger diameter, and the hydraulic oil in the first chamber 501 pushes the rotating body 302 to rotate quickly in the opposite direction, so that the quick reset of the buffer teeth 304 is realized.

Example 4

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 3 except that the second chamber 502 is in communication with drilling fluid external to the drill bit.

As shown in fig. 23, drilling fluid enters the first chamber 501 from the second check valve 505 through the in-blade flow passage 10, and pushes the rotating body 302 to be in a free state. When drilling is started, the buffer tooth 304 rotates along the spiral groove 307 under the action of rock friction and moves towards the shell 301 against the pressure in the first chamber 501, the first check valve 504 is opened to discharge drilling fluid until the internal pressure and the external pressure are balanced when the drill bit stably drills. If the drill bit vibrates up and down, the friction force and the pressure between the buffer teeth 304 and the rock are reduced, so that the leveling state of the liquid pressure in the first cavity 501 and the drilling liquid pressure outside the drill bit is broken, the pressure of the external drilling liquid is greater than the drilling liquid pressure in the first cavity 501, the drilling liquid pushes the second one-way valve 505 with a larger diameter to enter the first cavity 501, and the rotating body 302 is pushed to rotate along the spiral groove 307 and extend out of the shell 301 at a high speed, so that the purpose of absorbing impact pressure is achieved.

Example 5

As shown in fig. 24, a cavity 309 is provided between the housing 301 and the rotor 302 of the cushion module 3, a return mechanism 303 is installed in the cavity, and a seal ring 310 is provided between the housing 301 and the rotor 301. The housing 301 and the rotor 302 are provided with track grooves, and the housing and the rotor are fixed and constrained in the axial direction by the balls 305. The buffer teeth 304 rotate by the rock friction, and the rotor 302 is rotated, so that the rotor 302 presses the return mechanism 303 in the cavity 309 and accumulates elastic energy. When the friction force is reduced, the stored elastic energy is released, pushing rotor 302 and bumper teeth 304 to rotate toward the initial position. Alternatively, the return mechanism 303 is a compression spring. In this embodiment, the step surface between the housing 301 and the rotator 302 can also serve as a limit.

Example 6

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 5 except that, as shown in fig. 25, the returning mechanism 303 is a hydraulic device 5.

The hydraulic device 5 comprises a first chamber 501, a second chamber 502, an intermediate valve seat 503, a first check valve 504, a second check valve 505, an energy storage element 506 and a reset piston 507. The first chamber 501 contains hydraulic oil. During initial drilling, when the buffer teeth 304 rotate under the action of the friction force of stratum rocks, the rotating body 302 is driven to rotate, the rotating body 302 compresses hydraulic oil in the first chamber 501 and flows into the second chamber 502 through the first one-way valve 504 with a smaller diameter, the hydraulic oil in the second chamber 502 pushes the reset piston 507 to move and compress the energy storage element 506, so that the energy storage element 506 accumulates energy, and in the process, the rotating speed of the rotating body 302 is smaller; when the drill bit is drilling steadily, the buffer teeth 304 are in steady equilibrium. When the drill bit runs into an inhomogeneous stratum or a stratum with larger brittleness, the drill bit jumps up and down, when the drill bit jumps, the friction force between the buffer teeth 304 and the stratum is reduced, the stable balance working state is broken, the compressed energy storage element 506 releases energy to push the reset piston 507 to compress the hydraulic oil in the second chamber 502, so that the hydraulic oil quickly enters the first chamber 501 through the second one-way valve 505 with larger diameter, and the hydraulic oil in the first chamber 501 pushes the rotating body 302 to rotate quickly in the opposite direction, so that the quick reset of the buffer teeth 304 is realized.

Specifically, the energy storage element 506 may be a compression spring or a disc spring.

In this embodiment, the valve holes of the first check valve 504 and the second check valve 505 of the hydraulic reset device may be opened on the end surface to communicate with the external chamber or the flow passage.

Example 7

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 6 except that, in order to increase the return speed of the rotor 302 and the damper teeth 304, two first chambers 501 are opened and two hydraulic devices 5 are provided correspondingly, and a compression spring may be provided in one of the first chambers, as shown in fig. 26.

Example 8

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that the damper teeth 304 are formed integrally with the rotor 302, and the housing 301 is formed integrally with the blade 1, that is, the rotor 302 is directly mounted on the blade 1, with a seal ring 310 interposed therebetween, as shown in fig. 27.

Example 9

As shown in fig. 28, this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiments 1 and 3, except that a gear 508 is provided on the rotor 302, and the gear 508 is connected to the hydraulic device 5 by meshing with a rack 509. The rotation of the rotor 302 drives the rack 509 to move through the gear 508 on the rotor and interacts with the fluid in the hydraulic device, and the operation of the hydraulic device 5 is basically the same as that of embodiment 3. In addition to the hydraulic device, in this embodiment, the rack 509 may be connected to a compression spring, a high-elasticity rubber or other high-elasticity material element to achieve the resetting effect.

The embodiments of the present disclosure described above and illustrated in the drawings do not limit the scope of the present disclosure, but rather cover the scope of the present disclosure by the appended claims and their legal equivalents. Any equivalent embodiments are within the scope of the present disclosure. Indeed, various modifications of the disclosure in addition to those shown and described herein, such as alternative useful combinations of the elements described, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications and embodiments are within the scope of the following claims and equivalents.

Claims (13)

1. A diamond drill bit with adaptive buffer modules, comprising a drill bit body (912) and blades (1) extending from the drill bit body (912), wherein the blades (1) are provided with cutting teeth (2), and at least one buffer module (3) is arranged on the drill bit (910), and the diamond drill bit is characterized in that: the buffer module (3) is rotationally connected with the drill bit body (912), and a buffer part of the buffer module (3) is eccentrically arranged relative to the rotation axis of the buffer module (3);

when the buffer part of the buffer module (3) at the initial position bears impact force from stratum rocks, the buffer part absorbs impact load, reduces the impact force of the blade cutting teeth (2) and plays a role in buffering the cutting teeth (2);

the buffer part of the buffer module (3) performs contraction trend movement relative to the cutting tooth (2) in a rotating mode under the action of stress of contact with downhole rock so as to reduce or avoid the influence of the buffer module (3) on the invasion depth of the cutting tooth (2);

when the buffer part of the buffer module (3) is separated from contact with the rock at the bottom of the well or the contact resistance moment is smaller than the reset torque, the buffer part rotates to the initial position of the buffer part in a rotating mode under the action of the reset mechanism (303), the extension trend movement relative to the cutting teeth (2) is realized, the position of the buffer part relative to the cutting teeth (2) is raised, and the buffer part plays a role in buffering the impact on the cutting teeth (2) which is subsequently and again received.

2. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to claim 1, wherein: the buffer module (3) is arranged on the blade (1) and is rotationally connected with the blade (1).

3. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to claim 1, wherein: when the buffer module (3) is at an initial position, the height difference H between the highest point of the buffer part of the buffer module (3) and the highest point of the tooth edge of the cutting tooth (2) is as follows: d is more than or equal to H and less than or equal to D, and D is the diameter of the cutting tooth (2).

4. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to claim 1, wherein: buffer module (3) are including rotor (302) and buffering tooth (304), rotor (302) are rotatable to be installed in basic hole (11) of wing of a knife (1), buffering tooth (304) are for the rotation axis eccentric settings of rotor (302) and form the buffering portion, rotor (302) are connected with canceling release mechanical system (303) to make buffer module (3) receive external force to take place to rotate the back and at the automatic re-setting when the external force disappears.

5. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to claim 4, wherein: the buffer teeth (304) are embedded and fixed on the rotating body (302), or the buffer teeth (304) can be freely and rotatably connected to the rotating body (302), or the buffer teeth (304) and the rotating body (302) are of an integrated structure.

6. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module of claim 4, wherein: the buffer teeth (304) are spherical teeth, wedge-shaped teeth, conical teeth or PDC teeth.

7. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to claim 4, wherein: be provided with casing (301) between rotor (302) and base hole (11), casing (301) are fixed in on wing of a knife (1), rotor (302) are installed in casing (301), rotor (302) and casing (301) form to rotate and are connected.

8. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to claim 1, wherein: the buffer module (3) is arranged on the drill bit with the PDC cutting structure combined with other cutting structures including the movable cutting structure.

9. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the forward inclination angle of the buffer module (3) is in a range of more than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees, and the value range of the deflection angle is more than or equal to-60 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.

10. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to claim 9, wherein: the reset mechanism (303) is a torsion spring.

11. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein: and a rotating body (302) of the buffer module (3) does telescopic motion along the axial direction while rotating.

12. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to claim 11, wherein: the rotary body (302) is provided with a spiral groove (307), and a bulge (308) correspondingly matched with the spiral groove (307) is arranged on the path of the axial movement of the rotary body (302).

13. The diamond drill bit with an adaptive damping module according to claim 11, wherein: the reset mechanism (303) is a torsion spring, a compression spring or a hydraulic reset structure.

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