CN112264101B - 一种具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112264101B CN112264101B CN202011144720.7A CN202011144720A CN112264101B CN 112264101 B CN112264101 B CN 112264101B CN 202011144720 A CN202011144720 A CN 202011144720A CN 112264101 B CN112264101 B CN 112264101B
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Abstract
本发明属于光催化材料技术领域,一种具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂的制备方法及其应用,其中制备方法:是以具有扭转结构的配体H3Twisted与硝酸铜,通过溶剂热法制得具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂,其合成路线如下:H3Twisted+Cu(NO3)2·H2O→Cu‑Twisted;本发明的具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂Cu‑Twisted,得益于受控的电子转移过程,受到保留的二价铜节点对底物发挥内壳层电子调控效应,实现了对缺电子烯烃的选择性氯化三氟甲基双官能化反应,而均相催化剂在此反应中则没有展现出化学区位选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂的制备方法及其应用,属于光催化材料技术领域。
背景技术
碳-杂原子偶联反应在药物化学领域具有重要的地位,许多具有生理活性的药物分子的构筑都依赖于这一类型的反应。光催化作为近年来突飞猛进的合成方法学,可以通过激发态的光敏剂与底物之间的电子转移生成自由基中间体,从而可以经由自由基途径实现很多常规方法难以实现的反应。得益于自身的多重价态的特性,二价铜催化剂易于捕获碳自由基中间体并发生还原消除过程,从而实现碳-杂原子偶联。将光催化过程与铜催化过程相结合无疑为经由自由基途径的碳-杂原子偶联提供了丰富而可行的合成策略。然而,由于二价铜离子易于淬灭光敏剂的激发态,从而抑制激发态的光敏剂与底物之间的电子转移过程,造成催化活性的降低。通常光/铜协同催化过程采用的是大剂量的一价铜催化剂前体来平衡激发态的光敏中心和二价铜催化中心之间的竞争性电子转移过程。跳出之前的催化剂设计模式,采用非均相的方式将光敏中心和铜催化中心以一定的方式和距离固定,则可以避免因碰撞带来的无效电子转移过程,合理的连接方式又可以调控光催化循环和铜催化循环之间有效的电子转移过程,从而提升催化效率。
金属有机框架作为一种结构和组成均可以合理设计的非均相材料,可以实现光催化中心和铜催化中心的同时引入,其多孔的特性也有利于反应物和催化中心接触。然而,如何在金属有机框架内协同光催化中心和变价金属催化中心,在二者之间实现可控的电子转移,合理的连接方式就显得尤为重要。先前的工作表明光敏中心和变价金属中心之间的直接共轭相连往往利于形成“分子导线”型的双向电子转移,激发态的光敏剂易于将电子转移给变价金属中心,同时也易于发生电子回传,这不利于催化反应的高效进行。鉴于“单分子器件”的设计经验,扭转电子给体和电子受体分子之间的共轭结构将会显著增加电荷传递的阻力;同时,经由高极性的“羧酸—金属节点”的单向电子转移也需要更大的重组能。三芳胺,作为一类可修饰的光敏性分子,对其进行修饰并与铜离子构筑形成高极性并且带有扭转结构的羧酸铜节点则可以阻碍激发态的光敏剂向变价金属节点的单向电子转移,使得激发态的光敏剂更加易于与底物分子之间发生电子转移,更有效地生成自由基中间体,同时由于互相键连的特性,电子从还原消除后生成的一价铜中心向氧化态的光敏中心的基态电子回传过程依然可以进行,这就在金属有机框架内实现类似于二极管的单向电子导通性质,从而协调了光催化循环和铜催化循环过程中的电子转移行为,从而实现高效的光/铜协同催化。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明目的是提供一种具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂的制备方法及其应用。在所制得的具有扭转结构的金属有机框架内激发态的光催化中心向二价铜金属催化中心的光致电子转移过程受到抑制,避免了光催化中心的失活,同时,相互连接的体系又可以允许催化过程中生成的一价铜中间体与三联苯胺氮正自由基中间体之间的基态电子回传,从而可以有效地协同光催化和过渡金属铜催化循环过程,提升催化效率;引入的手性位阻基团位于铜催化中心附近,有利于提升反应的立体选择性;金属有机框架材料的非均相特性有利于催化剂的回收。
为了实现上述发明目的,解决已有技术中所存在的问题,本发明采取的技术方案是:一种具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂的制备方法,是以具有扭转结构的配体H3Twisted与硝酸铜,通过溶剂热法制得具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂,其合成路线如下:
H3Twisted+Cu(NO3)2·H2O→Cu-Twisted;
所述具有扭转结构的配体H3Twisted,分子式为C57H54N4O12,具有如下(A)分子结构式,
不具有扭转结构的配体H3Planar与硝酸铜,通过溶剂热法制得不具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂,其合成路线如下:
H3Planar+Cu(NO3)2·H2O→Cu-Planar;
所述不具有扭转结构的配体H3Planar,分子式为C39H27NO6,具有如下(B)分子结构式,
所述Cu-Twisted的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将8~12g三苯胺溶于100~150mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在0~5℃下分1~3次加入20~30g N-溴代丁二酰亚胺并搅拌10~15小时,反应结束后加入100~150mL二氯甲烷稀释,然后依次采用去离子水、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,收集有机相并加入无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后向有机相内倒入200~300mL冰甲醇,然后过滤并收集滤饼,得到白色针状固体;
步骤2、将步骤1制得的白色针状固体、双联片哪醇基二硼、醋酸钾以及双(二苯膦基)二茂铁合氯化钯按照1:3~4:15~20:0.1~0.2的摩尔比加入到三口瓶中,抽真空通氮气3次,然后加入100~150mL预先除氧的无水1,4-二氧六环,在80~90℃下反应10~15h,待反应冷却至室温,旋干溶剂,加入200~300mL二氯甲烷溶解残余物,用去离子水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并收集有机相,旋干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析法分离,得到白色固体粉末;
步骤3、将10~15g 2-溴-4-硝基苯甲酸溶于70~90mL干燥的乙醇中,在0~5℃下向其中滴加11~16mL二氯亚砜并搅拌20~30min,然后在90~100℃下反应5~7h,反应结束后旋干溶剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离产物,得到黄色油状液体;
步骤4、将步骤3制得的黄色油状液体、(R)-4-异丙基-2-恶唑烷酮、碘化亚铜和碳酸钾按1:1.1~1.3:0.15~0.18:2.0~2.5的摩尔比加入到三口瓶中,抽真空通氮气3次,加入50~80mL预先除氧的甲苯溶液并搅拌,逐滴加入0.6~1.0mL的N,N’-二甲基乙二胺,在120~140℃下反应45~50h,反应结束后旋干溶剂,再向残余物中加入100~150mL二氯甲烷溶解,用去离子水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并收集有机相,旋干溶剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离,得到亮黄色油状液体;
步骤5、将步骤4制得的亮黄色油状液体与钯碳按1:0.05~0.10的质量比加入到80~100mL体积比为1:1的无水甲醇与二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,向反应体系中通入氢气并剧烈搅拌,反应20~24h,过滤并收集滤液,旋干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离,得到黄色油状液体;
步骤6、将步骤5制得的黄色油状液体与二碘甲烷按1:3.5~4.0的摩尔比溶于50~80mL预先除氧的无水乙腈中,滴加1.8~2.2mL的的亚硝酸正戊酯,在30~35℃下反应20~30min后升温至70~75℃,继续反应1.5~2h,反应结束后加入50~80mL乙醚稀释,然后依次用去离子水、饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液、饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤收集有机相,选干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离,得到白色固体粉末;
步骤7、将步骤2制得的白色固体粉末、步骤6制得的白色固体粉末、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾按1:3.3~3.5:0.15~0.20:10~15的摩尔比溶于100~150mL体积比为10:1的四氢呋喃与水的混合溶剂中,向反应液中通氮气并鼓泡,在氮气氛围中于65~75℃反应70~75h,反应结束后,旋干溶剂,加入100~120mL二氯甲烷溶解残余物,加水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤并收集有机相,选干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离,得到亮黄色固体粉末;
步骤8、将步骤7制得的亮黄色固体粉末与氢氧化钠按1:30~35的摩尔比溶于100~150mL体积比为1:1:0.2的四氢呋喃、甲醇与水的混合溶剂中,在25~30℃下反应10~12h,反应结束后,旋干溶剂,加入50~60mL水溶解有机物,加入浓盐酸酸化,调节pH值为5~6,产生大量沉淀,过滤并收集滤饼,然后真空干燥,得到黄色固体粉末,即配体H3Twisted;
步骤9、将步骤8制得的配体H3Twisted与硝酸铜按1:3.5~4.0的摩尔比加入体积比为3:1的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与甲醇的混合溶液中,再向其中加入1.5~2.0mL浓度为3mol·L-1的盐酸,经超声助溶后,密封入带有聚四氟内衬的水热反应釜中,并置于75~80℃的烘箱中反应70~75h,然后降至室温,移去上清液,加入甲醇洗涤、离心,得到绿色块状晶体,即目标材料具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted;
Cu-Planar的制备方法,将配体H3Planar与硝酸铜按1:3.0~3.5的摩尔比加入体积比为4:1的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与乙醇的混合溶液中,再向其中加入1.5~2.0mL浓度为3mol·L-1的盐酸,经超声助溶后,密封入带有聚四氟内衬的水热反应釜中,并置于80~85℃的烘箱中反应48~50h,然后降至室温,移去上清液,加入乙醇洗涤、离心,得到绿色块状晶体Cu-Planar。
所述方法制备的具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂在光催化碳-杂原子偶联反应中的应用。
本发明有益效果是:一种具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂的制备方法及其应用,其中制备方法:是以具有扭转结构的配体H3Twisted与硝酸铜,通过溶剂热法制得具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂,其合成路线如下:
H3Twisted+Cu(NO3)2·H2O→Cu-Twisted;不具有扭转结构的配体H3Planar与硝酸铜,通过溶剂热法制得不具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂,其合成路线如下:H3Planar+Cu(NO3)2·H2O→Cu-Planar;所述方法制备的具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted与不具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Planar相比,Cu-Twisted中的光敏中心与二价铜催化中心得到了更好的隔离,激发态的光敏剂和二价铜催化中心在光激发下都能够得到很好的保持,Cu-Twisted具有更好的单相电子导通性质,可以更好的协同光催化循环和铜催化循环,高效地实现了多种碳-氮、碳-氧、碳-硫偶联反应,并且对部分具有较大位阻基团的产物展现出较好的非对映异构体选择性;同时与现有技术相比,在Cu-Twisted催化剂中,得益于受控的电子转移过程,受到保留的二价铜节点对底物发挥内壳层电子调控效应,实现了对缺电子烯烃的选择性氯化三氟甲基双官能化反应,而均相催化剂在此反应中则没有展现出化学区位选择性。
附图说明
图1是实施例1目标材料Cu-Twisted的晶体结构示意图。
图2是实施例2材料Cu-Planar的晶体结构示意图。
图3是实施例3目标材料Cu-Twisted和材料Cu-Plana光电流的测试谱图。
图4是实施例3目标材料Cu-Twisted和材料Cu-Planar光照前后的电子顺次共振测试谱图。
图5是实施例4目标材料Cu-Twisted和材料Cu-Planar催化反应的动力学曲线图。
图6是实施例4目标材料Cu-Twisted催化循环产率示意图。
图7是实施例4目标材料Cu-Twisted的PXRD图(实验合成和光催化三轮后回收所测)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
Cu-Twisted的制备,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将三苯胺(10.0g,40.8mmol)溶于120mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在0℃下分3次加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(25.1g,134.6mmol)并搅拌12小时,反应结束后加入150mL二氯甲烷稀释,然后依次用去离子水、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,收集有机相并加入无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后向有机相内倒入200mL冰甲醇,然后过滤并收集滤饼,得到白色针状固体16.7g,产率85%,核磁氢谱为1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.35(d,J=8.8Hz,6H),6.92(d,J=8.8Hz,6H)。
步骤2、称取由步骤1制得的白色针状固体(3.86g,8.0mmol)、双联片哪醇基二硼(7.6g,30.0mmol)、醋酸钾(13.7g,140.0mmol)以及双(二苯膦基)二茂铁合氯化钯(0.8g,1.2mmol)加入到三口瓶中,抽真空通氮气3次,然后加入120mL预先除氧的无水1,4-二氧六环,在85℃下反应15h,待反应冷却至室温,旋干溶剂,加入250mL二氯甲烷溶解残余物,用去离子水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并收集有机相,旋干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析法分离,得到白色固体粉末3.5g,产率为70%,核磁氢谱为1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.68(d,J=8.2Hz,6H),7.07(d,J=8.2Hz,6H),1.34(s,36H)。
步骤3、将2-溴-4-硝基苯甲酸(12.3g,50.0mmol)溶于80mL干燥的乙醇中,在0℃下向其中缓慢滴加13mL二氯亚砜并搅拌25min,然后在100℃下反应6h,反应结束后旋干溶剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离产物,得到黄色油状液体13.0g,产率为95%,核磁氢谱为1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.49(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=8.5and 2.1Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.46(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.44(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤4、称取由步骤3制得的黄色油状液体(8.17g,30.0mmol)、(R)-4-异丙基-2-恶唑烷酮(4.69g,36.0mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.86g,4.5mmol)和碳酸钾(8.30g,60.0mmol)加入到三口瓶中,抽真空通氮气3次,加入80mL预先除氧的甲苯溶液并搅拌,然后逐滴加入0.96mL的N,N’-二甲基乙二胺,在130℃下反应48h,反应结束后旋干溶剂,再向残余物中加入150mL二氯甲烷溶解,用去离子水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并收集有机相,旋干溶剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离,得到亮黄色油状液体3.91g,产率为40%,核磁氢谱为1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.18(dd,J=8.6and 2.2Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),8.09(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),4.55(t,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.45–4.37(m,3H),4.32(dd,J=8.3and 6.9Hz,1H),2.12(dtd,J=13.7and 6.9and 4.2Hz,1H),1.40(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.04(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.93(d,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
步骤5、称取由步骤4制得的亮黄色油状液体(3.86g,12.0mmol)与钯碳(0.204g,5wt%)加入到80mL无水甲醇与80mL二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,向反应体系中通入氢气并剧烈搅拌,反应24h,过滤并收集滤液,旋干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离,得到黄色油状液体3.17g,产率为90%,核磁氢谱为1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.91(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.59(dd,J=8.6and 2.4Hz,1H),6.52(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.51(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.30(qd,J=7.1and1.0Hz,2H),4.22(dd,J=8.5and 5.9Hz,1H),4.16(br s,2H),4.15–4.09(m,1H),1.92(dtd,J=13.8and 6.9and 3.7Hz,1H),1.35(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.01(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.84(d,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
步骤6、称取由步骤5制得的黄色油状液体(2.93g,10.0mmol)与二碘甲烷(3.25mL,40.0mmol)溶于60mL预先除氧的无水乙腈中,滴加2mL的的亚硝酸正戊酯,在35℃下反应20min后升温至70℃,继续反应2h,反应结束后加入80mL乙醚稀释,然后依次用去离子水、饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液、饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤收集有机相,选干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离,得到白色固体粉末2.22g,产率为55%,核磁氢谱为1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.74(dd,J=8.3and 1.6Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.50(t,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.35(qd,J=7.1and 1.2Hz,2H),4.28–4.18(m,2H),2.00(dtd,J=13.8and 6.9and 3.7Hz,1H),1.37(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.02(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.88(d,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
步骤7、称取由步骤2制得的白色固体粉末(1.00g,1.60mmol)、由步骤6制得的白色固体粉末(2.13g,5.28mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.347g,0.3mmol)和碳酸钾(3.31g,24mmol)溶于100mL四氢呋喃与10mL水的混合溶剂中,向反应液中通氮气并鼓泡,在氮气氛围中于70℃反应72h,反应结束后,旋干溶剂,加入100mL二氯甲烷溶解残余物,加水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤并收集有机相,旋干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离,得到亮黄色固体粉末1.25g,产率为73%,核磁氢谱为1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.11(d,J=8.2Hz,3H),7.61(d,J=8.3Hz,3H),7.55(d,J=8.5Hz,6H),7.49(s,3H),7.27(d,J=8.5Hz,6H),4.59–4.51(m,3H),4.39(q,J=6.9Hz,6H),4.32–4.17(m,6H),2.08–1.98(m,3H),1.41(t,J=7.1Hz,9H),1.07(d,J=6.8Hz,9H),0.89(d,J=7.0Hz,9H)。
步骤8、称取由步骤7制得的亮黄色固体粉末(1.07g,1.0mmol)与氢氧化钠(1.32g,33.0mmol)溶于50mL四氢呋喃、50mL甲醇与10mL水的混合溶剂中,在30℃下反应12h,反应结束后,旋干溶剂,加入50mL水溶解有机物,加入浓盐酸酸化,调节pH值为6,产生大量沉淀,过滤并收集滤饼,然后真空干燥,得到黄色固体粉末0.94g,,即配体H3Twisted,产率为95%,核磁为1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ=7.97(d,J=8.2Hz,3H),7.77(d,J=8.7Hz,6H),7.74(dd,J=8.5and 1.6Hz,3H),7.65(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),7.24(d,J=8.6Hz,6H),4.49–4.39(m,6H),4.26(dd,J=6.8and 4.8Hz,3H),1.97–1.91(m,3H),0.94(d,J=6.8Hz,9H),0.82(d,J=6.9Hz,9H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ=166.7,156.7,146.9,143.5,137.5,132.9,132.1,128.3,127.0,125.3,124.8,124.4,63.9,61.8,28.7,17.9,15.2。
步骤9、称取由步骤8制得的配体H3Twisted(197mg,0.2mmol)与硝酸铜(193mg,0.8mmol)溶于30mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺与10mL甲醇的混合溶剂中,再向其中加入1.5mL浓度为3mol·L-1的盐酸,经超声助溶后,密封入带有聚四氟内衬的水热反应釜中,并置于80℃的烘箱中反应72h,然后降至室温,移去上清液,加入甲醇洗涤、离心,得到306mg绿色块状晶体,即目标材料具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted,产率为70%。Cu-Twisted的结构解析基于粉末X-射线衍射和Le Bail精修以及基于密度泛函理论的结构模拟。Cu-Twisted的结构建立使用的是Materials Studio软件,使用立方晶系的P23空间群建立初始晶胞,基于非穿插的pto拓扑结构建立晶体模型,通过CASTEP模块来优化结构,模拟的粉末衍射图谱由Reflex Plus模块产生,再经过Le Bail精修获得晶胞参数:a=b=c=35.5403,Rp=2.3%,Rwp=4.37%,表明结构建立的正确性,Cu-Twisted的晶体结构示意图,如图1所示。
实施例2
Cu-Planar的制备,将配体H3Planar(180mg,0.3mmol)与硝酸铜(241mg,1.0mmol)溶于40mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与10mL乙醇的混合溶液中,再向其中加入1.5mL浓度为3mol·L-1的盐酸,经超声助溶后,密封入带有聚四氟内衬的水热反应釜中,并置于85℃的烘箱中反应50h,然后降至室温,移去上清液,加入乙醇洗涤、离心,得到195mg绿色块状晶体Cu-Planar,产率为45%。单晶测试表明Cu-Planar的晶体数据:分子式,C78 H48 Cu3 N2 O15,分子量Mr=1443.83,立方晶系,空间群为Fm-3m,绿色块状晶体,晶胞参数为α=β=γ=90°,晶胞中的分子数Z=16,晶体密度Dc=0.168g cm-1,吸收因子为0.119mm-1,在收集的161911个衍射点中又9368个独立衍射点,Rint=0.1567,对于可观测点[I>2σ(I)],其符合程度因子R1=0.1253,加权后的符合程度因子wR2=0.2998。Cu-Planar的晶体结构示意图,如图2所示。
实施例3
分别取5.3mg的Cu-Twisted和3.5mg的Cu-Planar加入到5mL的乙醇中制成悬浮液,然后分别加入0.5mL的Nafin并通过超声混合,分别取80μL悬浮液涂敷于FTO玻璃表面,涂敷面积为1cm2,烘干,然后将FTO玻璃夹在电极夹上,作为工作电极。光电流测试在CHI 660E电化学工作站进行,采用三电极体系,Ag/AgCl电极作为参比电极,铂片电作为对电极,0.05M的四丁基六氟磷酸铵的乙腈溶液作为电解液,光电流测试在1atm的氧气条件下测试,温度为室温,光源为300W的氙灯并通过400nm的滤光片除去紫外光波段。光电流的测试谱图,如图3所示。电子顺共振的测试在德国布鲁克公司的A200-9.5/12顺磁共振仪上进行,常温测试,光照条件下的电子顺次共振测试采用的光源为300W的氙灯并通过400nm的滤光片除去紫外光波段,电子顺磁共振的测试谱图,如图4所示。
实施例4
向干燥的光反应管中加入金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted(7.5μmol,2.5mol%),3-氯-1-氢-吲唑(0.30mmol,1.0eq.),高价碘试剂(0.60mmol,2.0eq.),用翻口塞密封。对反应体系进行“抽真空/通氮气”处理三次,除去体系中的氧气,用注射器向反应管中加入干燥脱气后的1,4-二氧六环(6.0mL,0.05M),2-叔丁基-1,1,3,3-四甲基胍(BTMG,0.60mmol,2.0eq.),用封口膜密封。将反应管通上冷凝水并在405nm的LED下照射。分别在反应进行20min、40min、1h、2h、3h、4h、5h时抽取反应液进行气相检测,采用均三甲氧基苯苯作为内标,分析产物产率。Cu-Twisted和Cu-Planar催化反应的动力学曲线图,如图5所示。反应结束后,通过离心分离催化剂,收集催化剂并重新投入下一次催化循环,循环三次,催化循环产率示意图,如图6所示。催化循环三次后收集的金属有机框架的PXRD谱图和新鲜制备的对比,主要特征峰仍然很好的保持,说明框架结构在反应过程中得以保持,即催化剂可以很好的回收再利用,PXRD图,如图7所示。
实施例5
向干燥的光反应管中加入金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted(7.5μmol,2.5mol%),亲核类底物(0.30mmol,1.0eq.),高价碘试剂(0.60mmol,2.0eq.),用翻口塞密封。对反应体系进行“抽真空/通氮气”处理三次,除去体系中的氧气,用注射器向反应管中加入干燥脱气后的1,4-二氧六环(6.0mL,0.05M),2-叔丁基-1,1,3,3-四甲基胍(BTMG,0.60mmol,2.0eq.),用封口膜密封。将反应管通上冷凝水并在405nm的LED下照射5小时。反应结束后,通过离心分离催化剂,然后旋干滤液,粗产物通过柱色谱分离。金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted催化碳-氮偶联的底物拓展,如表1所示。
表1
实施例6
向干燥的光反应管中加入金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted(7.5μmol,2.5mol%),亲核类底物(0.30mmol,1.0eq.),NHPI酯(0.60mmol,2.0eq.),用翻口塞密封。对反应体系进行“抽真空/通氮气”处理三次以除去体系中的氧气,用注射器向反应管中加入干燥脱气后的乙腈(3.0mL,0.1M),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA,0.90mmol,3.0eq.),将反应管通上冷凝水并在405nm的LED下照射12h。反应结束后,离心分离催化剂,柱色谱分离产物,碳-杂偶联的底物拓展,如表2所示。
表2
实施例7
向干燥的光反应管中加入金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted(6.25μmol,2.5mol%),烯烃类底物(0.25mmol,1.0eq.),用翻口塞密封。对反应体系进行“抽真空/通氮气”处理三次以除去体系中的氧气,用注射器向反应管中加入干燥脱气后的乙腈(3.0mL,0.1M),2,4,6-三甲基吡啶(0.625mmol,2.5eq.),三氟甲基磺酰氯(0.625mmol,2.5eq.),用封口膜进行密封。将反应管通上冷凝水并在两个20W的白炽灯的下照射12小时。反应结束后,通过离心分离催化剂,旋干滤液,粗产物通过柱色谱分离。金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted催化缺电子型烯烃的氯化三氟甲基双官能化反应的底物拓展,如表3所示。
表3
金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted对缺电子型烯烃的氯化三氟甲基化反应展现出很好的选择性,同时对于含有大位阻基团的底物能产生较好的手性遮蔽作用,从而产生较高的非对映异构体选择性,该非均相催化体在精细化工制药领域具有良好的应用潜质。
Claims (2)
1.一种具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:是以具有扭转结构的配体H3Twisted与硝酸铜,通过溶剂热法制得具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂,其合成路线如下:
H3Twisted+Cu(NO3)2·H2O→Cu-Twisted;
所述具有扭转结构的配体H3Twisted,分子式为C57H54N4O12,具有如下(A)分子结构式,
不具有扭转结构的配体H3Planar与硝酸铜,通过溶剂热法制得不具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂,其合成路线如下:
H3Planar+Cu(NO3)2·H2O→Cu-Planar;
所述不具有扭转结构的配体H3Planar,分子式为C39H27NO6,具有如下(B)分子结构式,
所述Cu-Twisted的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将8~12g三苯胺溶于100~150mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在0~5℃下分1~3次加入20~30g N-溴代丁二酰亚胺并搅拌10~15小时,反应结束后加入100~150mL二氯甲烷稀释,然后依次采用去离子水、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,收集有机相并加入无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后向有机相内倒入200~300mL冰甲醇,然后过滤并收集滤饼,得到白色针状固体;
步骤2、将步骤1制得的白色针状固体、双联片哪醇基二硼、醋酸钾以及双(二苯膦基)二茂铁合氯化钯按照1:3~4:15~20:0.1~0.2的摩尔比加入到三口瓶中,抽真空通氮气3次,然后加入100~150mL预先除氧的无水1,4-二氧六环,在80~90℃下反应10~15h,待反应冷却至室温,旋干溶剂,加入200~300mL二氯甲烷溶解残余物,用去离子水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并收集有机相,旋干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析法分离,得到白色固体粉末;
步骤3、将10~15g 2-溴-4-硝基苯甲酸溶于70~90mL干燥的乙醇中,在0~5℃下向其中滴加11~16mL二氯亚砜并搅拌20~30min,然后在90~100℃下反应5~7h,反应结束后旋干溶剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离产物,得到黄色油状液体;
步骤4、将步骤3制得的黄色油状液体、(R)-4-异丙基-2-恶唑烷酮、碘化亚铜和碳酸钾按1:1.1~1.3:0.15~0.18:2.0~2.5的摩尔比加入到三口瓶中,抽真空通氮气3次,加入50~80mL预先除氧的甲苯溶液并搅拌,逐滴加入0.6~1.0mL的N,N’-二甲基乙二胺,在120~140℃下反应45~50h,反应结束后旋干溶剂,再向残余物中加入100~150mL二氯甲烷溶解,用去离子水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并收集有机相,旋干溶剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离,得到亮黄色油状液体;
步骤5、将步骤4制得的亮黄色油状液体与钯碳按1:0.05~0.10的质量比加入到80~100mL体积比为1:1的无水甲醇与二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,向反应体系中通入氢气并剧烈搅拌,反应20~24h,过滤并收集滤液,旋干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离,得到黄色油状液体;
步骤6、将步骤5制得的黄色油状液体与二碘甲烷按1:3.5~4.0的摩尔比溶于50~80mL预先除氧的无水乙腈中,滴加1.8~2.2mL的亚硝酸正戊酯,在30~35℃下反应20~30min后升温至70~75℃,继续反应1.5~2h,反应结束后加入50~80mL乙醚稀释,然后依次用去离子水、饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液、饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤收集有机相,选干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离,得到白色固体粉末;
步骤7、将步骤2制得的白色固体粉末、步骤6制得的白色固体粉末、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾按1:3.3~3.5:0.15~0.20:10~15的摩尔比溶于100~150mL体积比为10:1的四氢呋喃与水的混合溶剂中,向反应液中通氮气并鼓泡,在氮气氛围中于65~75℃反应70~75h,反应结束后,旋干溶剂,加入100~120mL二氯甲烷溶解残余物,加水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤并收集有机相,选干溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离,得到亮黄色固体粉末;
步骤8、将步骤7制得的亮黄色固体粉末与氢氧化钠按1:30~35的摩尔比溶于100~150mL体积比为1:1:0.2的四氢呋喃、甲醇与水的混合溶剂中,在25~30℃下反应10~12h,反应结束后,旋干溶剂,加入50~60mL水溶解有机物,加入浓盐酸酸化,调节pH值为5~6,产生大量沉淀,过滤并收集滤饼,然后真空干燥,得到黄色固体粉末,即配体H3Twisted;
步骤9、将步骤8制得的配体H3Twisted与硝酸铜按1:3.5~4.0的摩尔比加入体积比为3:1的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与甲醇的混合溶液中,再向其中加入1.5~2.0mL浓度为3mol·L-1的盐酸,经超声助溶后,密封入带有聚四氟内衬的水热反应釜中,并置于75~80℃的烘箱中反应70~75h,然后降至室温,移去上清液,加入甲醇洗涤、离心,得到绿色块状晶体,即目标材料具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂Cu-Twisted;
Cu-Planar的制备方法,将配体H3Planar与硝酸铜按1:3.0~3.5的摩尔比加入体积比为4:1的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与乙醇的混合溶液中,再向其中加入1.5~2.0mL浓度为3mol·L-1的盐酸,经超声助溶后,密封入带有聚四氟内衬的水热反应釜中,并置于80~85℃的烘箱中反应48~50h,然后降至室温,移去上清液,加入乙醇洗涤、离心,得到绿色块状晶体Cu-Planar。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法制备的具有扭转结构的金属有机框架催化剂在光催化碳-杂原子偶联反应中的应用。
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