CN112239532A - 一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112239532A
CN112239532A CN202011127623.7A CN202011127623A CN112239532A CN 112239532 A CN112239532 A CN 112239532A CN 202011127623 A CN202011127623 A CN 202011127623A CN 112239532 A CN112239532 A CN 112239532A
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胡国和
张音
李贤良
耿耀强
赵腾飞
李建军
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料及其制备方法,得到的低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料反应放热少,温度低,其利用封闭异氰酸酯基团在加热条件下吸热解封释放出活性基团的特性,在保证加聚氨酯注浆加固材料强度的基础下,显著降低聚氨酯加固材料的反应温度,既避免了热量聚集产生热失控,引发火灾等安全事故,也保证了加固保障聚氨酯加固材料的安全使用。

Description

一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及煤矿加固技术领域,具体涉及一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料。
背景技术
随着经济的发展,能源的需求越来越大。中国是一个多煤少油的国家,煤矿开采对中国的能源安全至关重要。然而,中国煤田多数开采难度较大,且普遍受到奥灰水威胁,煤层抗压强度低,易破碎变形,容易产生裂缝和较大的断裂带;破碎松散围岩区和裂隙发育带在动压增大情况下极易冒顶、产生地下水灾等。因此,对煤体进行加固对煤矿安全开采至关重要。
聚氨酯材料具有良好的力学性能和耐候性,相比于水泥等无机加固材料,具有粘度、固化时间可调等优势,在煤矿加固领域中应用广泛。然而,聚氨酯材料固化时会放出大量的热,且材料本身导热性较差,极易导致热量聚集产生热失控,引发火灾等安全事故。因此,控制聚氨酯加固材料反应放热,避免热失控是对聚氨酯加固材料的重要要求。
封闭异氰酸酯是指将异氰酸酯基团通过化学或物理手段保护起来,使用时通过加热或其他方式将活性异氰酸酯基团释放出来,主要应用在聚氨酯乳液,胶粘剂等领域。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中聚氨酯加固材料反应放热多,温度高等问题,本发明提供了一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料及其制备方法,在保证加聚氨酯注浆加固材料强度的基础下,显著降低聚氨酯加固材料的反应温度,保障聚氨酯加固材料的安全使用。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,由A、B两组分组成,其中,以质量份数计,A组分包括:
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯 50份~70份
封闭异氰酸酯 20份~30份
增塑剂 10份~20份
B组分包括:
Figure BDA0002734134920000021
进一步的,所述封闭异氰酸酯由多异氰酸酯和封闭剂在惰性气体保护下,在反应釜中40℃~80℃条件下反应3h~10h得到。
进一步的,所述封闭剂为丁二酰亚胺、乙酰苯胺、2-甲基咪唑、3,5-二甲基吡唑、1,2,4-三唑、2,4,6-三氯苯酚中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述多异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯中至少一种。
进一步的,所述封闭剂和多异氰酸酯的比例为nOH/nNCO=0.8~1.3,其中n为摩尔。
进一步的,所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、氯化石蜡、环氧大豆油中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述聚醚多元醇为分子量200~3000,官能度2~4的一种或多种;所述泡沫稳定剂为改性有机硅油。
进一步的,所述催化剂为三乙烯二胺、N,N,N,N,N-五甲基二乙烯基三胺、三乙醇胺、2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、N-甲基哌嗪、二月桂酸二丁基锡、三苯基铋、辛酸亚锡中至少一种。
进一步的,所述阻燃剂为三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯,三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯和磷酸三苯酯中至少一种。
本发明还提供一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
A组分的制备:将多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、封闭异氰酸酯和增塑剂加入反应釜中,混合均匀即可得到A组分;
B组分的制备:将聚醚多元醇、阻燃剂、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,即可得到B组分;
将A、B两组分按体积比1:1混合均匀,即可得到低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明得到的低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料反应放热少,温度低,其利用封闭异氰酸酯基团在加热条件下吸热解封释放出活性基团的特性,达到了降低煤矿加固用聚氨酯材料反应温度的目的,避免热量聚集产生热失控,引发火灾等安全事故。
本发明中采用封闭异氰酸酯部分替代加固材料中的多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,封闭异氰酸酯可以在加固材料温度较高时吸收热量,此时封闭的异氰酸酯解封,释放出新的多异氰酸酯基团,一方面可以降低体系温度,另一方面分解出的异氰酸酯基团可以与多元醇进行反应,进一步提高加固材料的强度,保障加固材料使用的安全性。
现有的聚氨酯加固材料的反应温度往往大于120℃,很容易因为过热导致自燃、烧芯等安全事故,而本发明采用封闭异氰酸酯作为原料,在保证加聚氨酯注浆加固材料强度的基础下,显著降低聚氨酯加固材料的反应温度,进一步保障聚氨酯加固材料的安全使用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例的方式对本发明进行进一步解释说明,值得注意的是,实施例只是为了更清楚直观的阐述该发明,并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。、以下实施例中各组分均以质量份数计。
实施例1
A组分的制备:在N2保护条件下将异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI和乙酰苯胺和丁二酰亚胺混合封闭剂加入持续搅拌的反应釜中,其中乙酰苯胺和丁二酰亚胺的比例为2:1,混合封闭剂和IPDI的比例为nOH/nNCO=1,在75℃下反应6h,即可得到封闭的IPDI;
将20份封闭的IPDI与60份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯加入带有搅拌的反应釜中,加入20份邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,搅拌均匀,即可得到A组分。
B组分的制备:将40份聚醚多元醇(官能度3,分子量375),8份三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯TCPP,0.5份改性硅油,1.2份复合催化剂加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,即可得到B组分,其中复合催化剂包括0.6份三乙烯二胺、0.4份2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚的混合物和0.2份二月桂酸二丁基锡。
将A、B两组分按体积比1:1混合均匀,注入待加固部分即可得到低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料。
采用FTIR测试乙酰苯胺和丁二酰亚胺封闭的IPDI解封温度为95℃。
使用上述聚氨酯注浆加固材料最高反应温度97.2℃,材料压缩强度43.3MPa。
实施例2
A组分的制备:在N2保护条件下将多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯PAPI和2,4,6-三氯苯酚加入持续搅拌的反应釜中,其中,2,4,6-三氯苯酚和PAPI的比例为nOH/nNCO=0.8,在80℃下反应5h,即可得到2,4,6-三氯苯酚封端的PAPI;
将25份2,4,6-三氯苯酚封端的PAPI与55份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯加入带有搅拌的反应釜中,加入15份环氧大豆油,搅拌均匀,即可得到A组分。
B组分的制备:将50份分子量500,官能度4的聚醚多元醇和30份分子量3000,官能度3的聚醚多元醇混合均匀,加入15份甲基膦酸二甲酯DMMP,2份改性硅油,2份复合催化剂,混合均匀,即可得到B组分;其中复合催化剂包括0.6份三乙醇胺、1.2份N-甲基哌嗪和0.2份二月桂酸二丁基锡。
将A、B两组分按体积比1:1混合均匀,注入待加固部分即可得到低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料。
采用FTIR测试2,4,6-三氯苯酚封端封闭的PAPI解封温度为87℃。
上述聚氨酯注浆加固材料最高反应温度94.6℃,材料压缩强度42.1MPa。
实施例3
A组分的制备:在N2保护条件下将甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI和2-甲基咪唑加入持续搅拌的反应釜中,其中,2-甲基咪唑和TDI的比例为nOH/nNCO=1.1,在80℃下反应3h,即可得到2-甲基咪唑封端的TDI;
将30份2-甲基咪唑封端的TDI与70份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯加入带有搅拌的反应釜中,加入20份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,搅拌均匀,即可得到A组分。
B组分的制备:将35份分子量500,官能度4的聚醚多元醇和15份分子量200,官能度2的聚醚多元醇混合均匀,加入5份三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯TDCPP,0.1份改性硅油,1.2份复合添加剂,混合均匀,即可得到B组分,其中复合添加剂包括0.5份三乙烯二胺、0.5份N-甲基哌嗪和0.2份三苯基铋。
将A、B两组分按体积比1:1混合均匀,注入待加固部分即可得到低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料。
采用FTIR测试2-甲基咪唑封端的TDI解封温度为70.7℃。
使用上述聚氨酯注浆加固材料最高反应温度90.8℃,材料压缩强度42.5MPa。
实施例4
A组分的制备:在N2保护条件下将TDI和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI的混合物,3,5-二甲基吡唑和1,2,4-三唑的混合封闭剂加入持续搅拌的反应釜中,其中,TDI和MDI比例为1:1,3,5-二甲基吡唑和1,2,4-三唑的比例为1:1,混和封闭剂和TDI和MDI混合物的比例为nOH/nNCO=1.3,在40℃下反应10h,即可得到封闭的多异氰酸酯;
将20份封端的多异氰酸酯与50份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯加入带有搅拌的反应釜中,加入10份氯化石蜡和环氧大豆油的混合物,搅拌均匀,即可得到A组分。
B组分的制备:将20份分子量350,官能度3的聚醚多元醇和20份分子量1000,官能度2的聚醚多元醇混合均匀,加入5份三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯TCEP和磷酸三苯酯的混合物,0.5份改性硅油,0.2份复合催化剂,混合均匀,即可得到B组分,其中复合催化剂包括0.1份N,N,N,N,N-五甲基二乙烯基三胺0.1份辛酸亚锡。
将A、B两组分按体积比1:1混合均匀,注入待加固部分即可得到低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料。
采用FTIR测试封闭的多氰酸酯解封温度为78.3℃。
使用该聚氨酯注浆加固材料最高反应温度96.6℃,材料压缩强度44.9MPa。
由实施例1-4可以看出,本发明采用封闭的多异氰酸酯代替部分多异氰酸酯,得到的聚氨酯注浆加固材料反应温度均低于100℃,对比现阶段所采用的聚氨酯注浆加固材料(反应温度普遍高于120℃),温度明显降低,保障了加固材料在煤矿经下使用的安全性。同时,本发明中封闭的异氰酸酯吸热解封后释放出新的异氰酸酯基团,可以继续与多元醇反应,进一步提高加固材料的强度,上述实施例中的加固材料的强度均大于40MPa,很好的证明了这一点。本发明的低温聚氨酯加固材料,在保证材料强度的基础上,显著降低最高反应温度,保障了加固材料的安全性。

Claims (10)

1.一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,其特征在于,由A、B两组分组成,其中,以质量份数计,A组分包括
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯 50份~70份
封闭异氰酸酯 20份~30份
增塑剂 10份~20份
B组分包括:
Figure FDA0002734134910000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,其特征在于,所述封闭异氰酸酯由多异氰酸酯和封闭剂在惰性气体保护下,在反应釜中40℃~80℃条件下反应3h~10h得到。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,其特征在于,所述封闭剂为丁二酰亚胺、乙酰苯胺、2-甲基咪唑、3,5-二甲基吡唑、1,2,4-三唑、2,4,6-三氯苯酚中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,其特征在于,所述多异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯中至少一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,其特征在于,所述封闭剂和多异氰酸酯的比例为nOH/nNCO=0.8~1.3,其中n为摩尔。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,其特征在于,所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、氯化石蜡、环氧大豆油中至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,其特征在于,所述聚醚多元醇为分子量200~3000,官能度2~4的一种或多种;所述泡沫稳定剂为改性有机硅油。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,其特征在于,所述催化剂为三乙烯二胺、N,N,N,N,N-五甲基二乙烯基三胺、三乙醇胺、2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、N-甲基哌嗪、二月桂酸二丁基锡、三苯基铋、辛酸亚锡中至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯,三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯和磷酸三苯酯中至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
A组分的制备:将多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、封闭异氰酸酯和增塑剂加入反应釜中,混合均匀即可得到A组分;
B组分的制备:将聚醚多元醇、阻燃剂、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,即可得到B组分;
将A、B两组分按体积比1:1混合均匀,即可得到低温聚氨酯注浆加固材料。
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