CN114456350A - 充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料 - Google Patents
充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114456350A CN114456350A CN202210108735.0A CN202210108735A CN114456350A CN 114456350 A CN114456350 A CN 114456350A CN 202210108735 A CN202210108735 A CN 202210108735A CN 114456350 A CN114456350 A CN 114456350A
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- silicate
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- -1 flame-retardant isocyanate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- QIYNMRRDEJUPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N OCC(CCC(O)=O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)O Chemical compound OCC(CCC(O)=O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)O QIYNMRRDEJUPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- MORLYCDUFHDZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[hydroxy(phenyl)phosphoryl]propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MORLYCDUFHDZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 150000004826 dibenzofurans Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002085 irritant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HHDUMDVQUCBCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[10,15,20-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)-21,23-dihydroporphyrin-5-yl]benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)-c1c2ccc(n2)c(-c2ccc(cc2)C(O)=O)c2ccc([nH]2)c(-c2ccc(cc2)C(O)=O)c2ccc(n2)c(-c2ccc(cc2)C(O)=O)c2ccc1[nH]2 HHDUMDVQUCBCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940068886 polyethylene glycol 300 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940085675 polyethylene glycol 800 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料,属于硅酸盐改性技术领域。本发明硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料原料中约60%重量比例是硅酸盐改性水溶液组分,约40%是结构阻燃异氰酸酯。和目前煤矿充填密闭用酚醛泡沫相比,其解决了酚醛泡沫特有的延燃性测试很难通过,甲醛含量高的两个瓶颈。其氧指数≥35%,膨胀倍率≥25,最高反应温度≤95℃,气味等级(80℃)≤3.5,雾气测试≤5mg,烟气毒性指数≤5。特别是其不含卤素阻燃剂,发烟量小,不会释放出具有腐蚀性或刺激性卤化氢气体,不会产生有毒致癌物质多溴代苯并恶英和多溴代二苯并呋喃,不会增加煤质中的卤素含量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料,属于硅酸盐改性材料技术领域。
背景技术
注浆工程广泛用于矿山、隧道等地下工程加固及防渗堵漏,提高岩土(煤)层的力学强度和变形模量,加强岩土(煤)层的整体性;或者截断渗透水流,降低岩土(煤)层的渗透性,提高地层的抗渗能力。对地下注浆工程而言,注浆材料和注浆理论是目前注浆工程领域的两个重要研究内容。有机注浆材料是近年来的一个重要研究方向,其和水泥、水泥-水玻璃、水泥-粉煤灰等颗粒浆液相比,具有固沙体强度高、固化快、韧性好、耐久性好、浆液粘度低、灌注性和渗透性好等特点。
煤矿充填密闭用有机泡沫分为聚氨酯泡沫和有机泡沫两种。聚氨酯泡沫具有以下优点:1、粘度低,能很好地渗入细小的裂缝中;2、极好的粘合能力与地层形成很强的粘合;3、其良好的柔韧性能承受随后的地层运动;4、发泡时间可以调控,快到几秒,慢到几分钟;5、发泡倍数可以调控,5-10倍,20-50倍,可以按照客户要求调控;6、泡沫具有高闪点,阻燃,不产生有害气体的特点,和水不相容;7、发泡后一旦固结,迅速使破碎基体得到补强,压缩20-30%也不脆裂。但是其内部放热较大,如果注浆量一次过大现场控制不当,可能有烧芯自燃现象,并且由于需要阻燃,添加卤素阻燃剂较多导致燃烧烟雾比较大,现在已经被行业内淘汰。
煤矿目前使用充填密闭用有机泡沫为酚醛泡沫,其氧指数高,氧指数≥35%、固化内部放热量小,大大降低了自燃现象。缺点除了泡沫强度差,比较酥脆外,还有两个致命缺点;1、虽然其氧指数高,但是其延燃情况严重,延燃其实是酚醛泡沫的阴燃,酚醛泡沫阴燃危害特别严重,酚醛泡沫一旦阴燃就能持续下去,直到材料全部耗尽为止(浅谈阴燃火灾,消防科技.1992(04),高锦田)。因此AQ/T1090-2020行标特意为了酚醛泡沫的阴燃规定了延燃性实验方法,但是由于这是酚醛泡沫的本质决定的,几乎无法解决。2、甲醛含量高,难以满足GB18583溶剂型部分中其他胶粘剂部分的高分子发泡材料有害物质限量的相关规定(≤0.50g/kg)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术存在的不足之处,本发明充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料使用预聚异氰酸酯改性硅酸盐,结合了无机注浆材料和高分子注浆材料的优点。和目前煤矿充填密闭用酚醛泡沫相比,其解决了酚醛泡沫延燃性测试很难通过,甲醛含量高的两个瓶颈。其氧指数≥35%,膨胀倍率≥25,最高反应温度≤95℃,气味等级(80℃)≤3.5,雾气测试≤5mg(没有物理添加型阻燃剂向环境扩散现象),烟气毒性指数≤5。特别是其不含卤素阻燃剂,发烟量小,不会释放出具有腐蚀性或刺激性卤化氢气体,不会产生有毒致癌物质多溴代苯并恶英和多溴代二苯并呋喃,不会增加煤质中的卤素含量。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料,其特殊之处在于包括预聚异氰酸酯和硅酸盐改性水溶液,二者的质量比为1:(1.2~1.4),所述预聚异氰酸酯的P含量为4.4%,N含量为7.9%,NCO%含量为11.9%,结构式如下:
所述硅酸盐改性水溶液包括:液体硅酸钠、小分子醇、水、催化剂;所述液体硅酸钠占硅酸盐改性水溶液重量的63-66%;所述小分子醇占硅酸盐改性水溶液重量的17%~20%,所述水占硅酸盐改性水溶液重量的14-17%;所述催化剂占硅酸盐改性水溶液重量的1.5-2.5%;
所述小分子醇是以乙二醇为起试剂,以环氧乙烷为聚合单体并以环氧乙烷封端的高活性聚醚,分子量在400~600;
所述小分子醇采用江苏省海安石油化工厂的聚乙二醇400和聚乙二醇600;
所述液体硅酸钠为硅酸钠的水溶液,其波美度为39-40;
所述液体硅酸钠采用青岛海湾化学的SSL3340;
所述反应型催化剂为叔胺类催化剂;优选DABCO-T(赢创特种化学(上海)有限公司)、ZF-10(亨斯曼);
本发明的目的之二是提供一种充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料的合成方法,其特殊之处在于由预聚异氰酸酯和硅酸盐改性水溶液混合制得,其特殊之处在于所述预聚异氰酸酯的合成步骤如下:
1)2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸和乙二醇按照1:1的摩尔比发生酯化反应生成2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯,反应方程式如下:
2)2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯和环氧丙烷按照1:1的摩尔比发生加成反应生成含磷二元醇中间体,反应方程式如下:
3)含磷二元醇中间体和TDI聚合得到一种二官能度改性阻燃异氰酸酯化合物,合成反应方程式如下:
充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料的合成工艺为:
1)把2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸(武汉市合中生化制造有限公司)和乙二醇按照1:1的摩尔比进入反应釜,在硫酸或者有机锡的催化下于105-110℃下进行酯化反应,生成的水塔顶馏出,生成2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯;
2)2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯在反应釜中加热到100~110℃之间,使用氢氧化钾作为催化剂,按照1:1的摩尔比缓慢加入环氧丙烷,反应釜中反应压力逐步上升,但最高压力保持在2.5个公斤压力以下。釜内温度保持在100~115℃之间,加料完毕后保压4h,釜内温度保持在100℃左右,真空抽去未反应的小分子,得到含磷二元醇中间体;
3)将反应釜加热至48℃-52℃,按照含磷二元醇中间体:TDI=1:(3-4)的摩尔比先加入全部的TDI,然后匀速加入全部的含磷二元醇中间体;
4)将反应釜加热升温至78℃-82℃,然后反应1.9h-2.2h;
5)采用薄膜蒸发器去除没有反应的过量的TDI;
6)然后将反应釜降温至48℃-52℃,出釜包装即得P含量4.4%,N含量7.9%,NCO%含量为11.9%的产物;
7)将预聚异氰酸酯和硅酸盐改性水溶液按照质量比1:(1.2-1.4)混合,得到充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、解决了酚醛泡沫虽然其氧指数高,但是其延燃情况严重,延燃其实是酚醛泡沫的阴燃,酚醛泡沫一旦阴燃就能持续下去,直到材料全部耗尽为止的问题。本发明预聚异氰酸酯改性硅酸盐材料开发了充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料。其结合了无机注浆材料和高分子注浆材料的优点,原料中约60%重量比例是硅酸盐改性水溶液组分,约40%是结构阻燃异氰酸酯,按照主要总量比例划分主要成分为无机成分,没有酚醛泡沫成分,所以也没有酚醛泡沫特有的阴燃难以熄灭问题,特别是其原料中约40%为磷含量为4.4%的结构阻燃异氰酸酯配合60%的硅酸盐改性水溶液,氧指数≥35%,常温下不燃。
2、解决了酚醛泡沫甲醛含量高的问题,充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料原料中约60%重量比例是硅酸盐改性水溶液组分,约40%是结构阻燃异氰酸酯,按照主要总量比例划分主要成分为无机成分,没有酚醛泡沫成分,所以也没有酚醛泡沫特有的甲醛问题。
本发明和目前煤矿充填密闭用酚醛泡沫相比,其能够满足充填密闭用酚醛泡沫的左右指标:氧指数≥35%,膨胀倍率≥25,最高反应温度≤95℃,烟气毒性指数≤5。同时其解决了酚醛泡沫的2个瓶颈问题。
本发明的充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料相比酚醛泡沫的另一个重要优点是:
其不含有机增塑剂和阻燃剂,不含卤素,因此其气味等级(80℃)≤3.5,雾气测试≤5mg(没有物理添加型阻燃剂向环境扩散现象)。特别是其不含卤素阻燃剂,发烟量小,不会释放出具有腐蚀性或刺激性卤化氢气体,不会产生有毒致癌物质多溴代苯并恶英和多溴代二苯并呋喃,不会增加煤质中的卤素含量。而酚醛泡沫为了达到氧指数≥35%,也必须添加各种卤系磷系物理阻燃剂。
相比较常规使用的聚合MDI或者改性聚合MDI,TDI的-NCO基团由于位阻等原因活性要弱一些,本发明改性异氰酸酯两端使用TDI封端,同时其分子量较大,使其反应活性比较适中,避免了剧烈放热导致的体系温度剧烈上升的问题,又由于水量的增加,体积的大量膨胀,可以保持体系温度≤95℃,同时合适的反应活性改善了粘接力;
本发明预聚异氰酸酯中间接枝长链段,大幅度增加了材料的韧性;
由于其主要原料为硅酸盐改性水溶液,表面和水有较好的亲和力,天然具有较小的表面电阻,具有抗静电性。此外,硅酸盐改性水溶液组分中还引入了以乙二醇为起试剂,以环氧乙烷为聚合单体并以环氧乙烷封端的高活性高极性聚醚,分子量在400~600之间时,由于其极性高和适宜的分子量,其与水玻璃具有更好的相容性,为材料提供了更好的力学性能和柔性,使得材料能够实现大的膨胀倍率。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料,主要包括异氰酸酯组分和硅酸盐改性水溶液组分。
(1)预聚异氰酸酯A:
预聚异氰酸酯A,其采用了2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸、乙二醇、环氧丙烷、TDI为主要原料聚合而成,其P含量4.4%,N含量7.9%,NCO%含量为11.9%,结构式如下:
预聚异氰酸酯的合成步骤如下:
1)2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸和乙二醇按照1:1的摩尔比发生酯化反应生成2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯,反应方程式如下:
2)2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯和环氧丙烷按照1:1的摩尔比发生加成反应生成含磷二元醇中间体,反应方程式如下:
3)含磷二元醇中间体和TDI聚合得到一种二官能度预聚阻燃异氰酸酯化合物,合成反应方程式如下:
合成工艺为:
1)把2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸(武汉市合中生化制造有限公司)和乙二醇按照1:1的摩尔比进入反应釜,在硫酸或者有机锡的催化下于110℃下进行酯化反应,生成的水从塔顶馏出,生成2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯;
2)2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯在反应釜中加热到105℃,使用氢氧化钾作为催化剂,按照1:1的摩尔比缓慢加入环氧丙烷,反应釜中反应压力逐步上升,但最高压力保持在2.5个公斤压力以下。釜内温度保持在110℃,加料完毕后保压4h,釜内温度保持在100℃左右,真空抽去未反应的小分子,得到含磷二元醇中间体;
3)将反应釜加热至50℃,按照含磷二元醇中间体:TDI=1:(3-4)的摩尔比先加入全部的TDI,然后匀速加入全部的含磷二元醇中间体;
4)将反应釜加热升温至80℃,然后反应2h;
5)采用薄膜蒸发器去除没有反应的过量的TDI;
6)然后将反应釜降温至50℃,出釜包装即得P含量4.4%,N含量7.9%,NCO%含量为11.9%的产物。
(2)硅酸盐改性水溶液组分和材料的性能指标
性能对比数据见下表:
从上表可以看出,从样1到样4,硅酸盐改性水溶液组分引入的小分子醇,是用乙二醇为起试剂,环氧乙烷聚合和封端的高活性高极性聚醚,分别为聚乙二醇300,聚乙二醇400,聚乙二醇600,聚乙二醇800,分子量为300,400,600,800,通过数据对比可以看出,样1和样4发泡倍率仅为15.5和16.0,而且样1易出现塌泡问题,样4出现分层和塌泡问题。样2和样4膨胀倍率可达到26倍以上,未出现组分分层和塌泡的问题,可以得出,分子量在400到600之间的聚乙二醇相比其他分子量聚乙二醇和体系具有更好的相容性,能够赋予材料更高膨胀倍率。样5到样8,硅酸盐改性水溶液组分引入的小分子醇,是以乙二醇为起试剂,环氧丙烷聚合和封端的聚醚,分子量为300,400,600,800,通过数据显示,其膨胀倍率仅为8.7,8.5,9.0,9.1,而且出现了组分分层,易塌泡的问题。可以得出,环氧乙烷聚合和封端的高活性高极性聚醚比同分子量的环氧丙烷聚合和封端的聚醚具有更好的相容性,能够提供材料更高膨胀倍率。
实施例2:
(1)硅酸盐水溶液配方如下:
(2)预聚异氰酸酯A同实施例1
(3)使用上述硅酸盐水溶液130份,和下述表格各实施例异氰酸酯组分100分混合搅拌,制作注浆材料。
各试验例异氰酸酯组分:
上述试验例1、2、3、4、5、6按照上述表格的配方分数对应的异氰酸酯重量相等,其和硅酸盐水溶液按重量比100:130充分反应。测试性能如下表所示:
注:测试各试验例阻燃与物理性能参考标准如下:
阻燃性能与物理性能测试标准:AQ1089-2020
气味等级测试标准:VDA270:1992,
雾气测试测试标准:Q/ZK JS 364-201903
样2在样1的基础上使用同质量的PM-200代替预聚异氰酸酯A,其他一切不变,氧指数从35.7降低到29.8,阻燃性能下降;膨胀倍率从26.7降低至13.2,膨胀倍率大幅下降;最高反应温度从92℃上升至120℃,最高反应温度大幅上升;拉断伸长率从35%降低到10%,柔性大幅下降;雾气测试从4.0增长至5.9,气味等级从3.5升至4.0,环保性能均下降。综上所述,表明预聚异氰酸酯A相对于PM-200,可以赋予充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料更好的阻燃性能和环保性能,更低的最高反应温度、更加优良的韧性和更高的膨胀倍率。
样3在样1的基础上使用同质量的CDMDI-100L代替预聚异氰酸酯,其他一切不变,氧指数从35.7降低到30.3,阻燃性能下降;膨胀倍率从26.7降低至12.3,膨胀倍率大幅下降;最高反应温度从92℃上升至115℃,最高反应温度大幅上升;拉断伸长率从35%降低到11%,柔性大幅下降;雾气测试从4.0增长至5.4,气味等级从3.5升至4.0,环保性能均下降。综上所述,表明预聚异氰酸酯A相对于CDMDI-100L,可以赋予充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料更好的阻燃性能和环保性能,更低的最高反应温度、更加优良的韧性和更高的膨胀倍率。
样4在样1的基础上使用同质量的8312代替预聚异氰酸酯A,其他一切不变,氧指数从35.7降低到30.9,阻燃性能下降;膨胀倍率从26.7降低至23.5,膨胀倍率略微下降;最高反应温度从92℃上升至98℃,最高反应温度略微上升;拉断伸长率从35%降低到32%,柔韧性略微下降;雾气测试从4.0增长至4.2,气味等级没变,环保性能略微下降。综上所述,表明预聚异氰酸酯A相对于8312,在材料环保性能,最高反应温度、韧性和膨胀倍率表现略优,但是可以赋予充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料更好的阻燃性能。
样5在样1的基础上使用同质量的PM-200和TEP代替预聚异氰酸酯A,保持磷含量一致,其他一切不变,氧指数从35.7上升至36.0,阻燃性能处于同一水平;膨胀倍率从26.7降低至11.5,膨胀倍率大幅下降;最高反应温度从92℃上升至105℃,最高反应温度上升;拉断伸长率从35%降低到7%,柔性大幅下降;雾气测试从4.0增长至50,气味等级从3.5升至4.5,环保性能大幅下降。综上所述,表明预聚异氰酸酯A相对于PM-200和TEP,两者磷含量一致时,阻燃水平相当,但是本发明阐述的充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料具有更高的膨胀倍率和韧性,更低的最高反应温度、更加优良的韧性和环保性能。
样6在样1的基础上使用同质量的PM-200和TCPP代替预聚异氰酸酯,保持磷含量一致,其他一切不变,氧指数从35.7上升至36.2,阻燃性能处于同一水平;膨胀倍率从26.7降低至11.5,膨胀倍率大幅下降;最高反应温度从92℃上升至103℃,最高反应温度上升;拉断伸长率从35%降低到7.5%,柔韧性大幅下降;雾气测试从4.0增长至69,气味等级从3.5升至4.5,环保性能大幅下降。综上所述,表明预聚异氰酸酯相对于PM-200和TCPP,两者磷含量一致时,阻燃水平相当,但是本发明阐述的充填密闭用硅酸盐预聚高分子发泡材料具有更高的膨胀倍率和韧性,更低的最高反应温度、更加优良的柔韧性和环保性能。
实施例3:
选取了煤矿常用的酚醛材料进行试验,将A组分和B组分按使用说明书要求,按4:1配比混合后制样测试,具体指标见下表:
由上表数据分析,酚醛材料和本发明阐述的充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料对比,氧指数,膨胀倍率,抗压强度(10%的形变量),最高反应温度差别不大,都能满足AQ/T1090-2020的规定;但是延燃性测试结果为延燃;烟气毒性指数为9,均达不到AQ/T1090-2020的规定。样1的延燃性测试,不延燃;烟气毒性指数为3.2,表现更优,满足AQ/T1090-2020中规定的要求。酚醛材料表面电阻为1x108Ω;样1表面电阻为3.5x105Ω,虽然都满足AQ/T1090-2020中规定的要求,但是本发明阐述的充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料更优。酚醛材料80℃气味等级为5;雾气测试为45;游离甲醛含量1.2g/kg,卤素含量2%,样180℃气味等级为3.5;雾气测试为4.0;无游离甲醛,不含卤素,本发明阐述的充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料环保指标更优。酚醛材料拉断伸长率仅为15%,样1拉断伸长率达到了35%,韧性更优。综上所述,相对于酚醛材料,本发明阐述的充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料具有更好的环保性能和韧性,不延燃,表面电阻低等优势。
最后应该说明的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分进行等同替换。上述虽然对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
Claims (5)
2.按照权利要求1所述的充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料,其特征在于所述小分子醇是以乙二醇为起试剂,以环氧乙烷为聚合单体并以环氧乙烷封端的高活性聚醚,分子量在400~600。
所述液体硅酸钠为硅酸钠的水溶液,其波美度为39-40;
所述液体硅酸钠采用青岛海湾化学的SSL3340;
所述反应型催化剂为叔胺类催化剂;优选DABCO-T(赢创特种化学(上海)有限公司)、ZF-10(亨斯曼)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料,其特征在于所述小分子醇采用江苏省海安石油化工厂的聚乙二醇400和聚乙二醇600。
5.按照权利要求4所述的充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料的合成方法,其特征在于具体合成工艺为:
1)把2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸和乙二醇按照1:1的摩尔比进入反应釜,在硫酸或者有机锡的催化下于105-110℃下进行酯化反应,生成的水从塔顶馏出,生成2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯;
2)2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸乙二醇酯在反应釜中加热到100~110℃之间,使用氢氧化钾作为催化剂,按照1:1的摩尔比缓慢加入环氧丙烷,反应釜中反应压力逐步上升,但最高压力保持在2.5个公斤压力以下,釜内温度保持在100~115℃之间,加料完毕后保压4h,釜内温度保持在100℃左右,真空抽去未反应的小分子,得到含磷二元醇中间体;
3)将反应釜加热至48℃-52℃,按照含磷二元醇中间体:TDI=1:(3-4)的摩尔比先加入全部的TDI,然后匀速加入全部的含磷二元醇中间体;
4)将反应釜加热升温至78℃-82℃,然后反应1.9h-2.2h;
5)采用薄膜蒸发器去除没有反应的过量的TDI;
6)然后将反应釜降温至48℃-52℃,出釜包装即得P含量为P含量4.4%,N含量7.9%,NCO%含量为11.9%的产物;
7)将预聚异氰酸酯和硅酸盐改性水溶液按照质量比1:(1.2-1.4)混合,得到充填密闭用硅酸盐改性高分子发泡材料。
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