CN112219942A - Highland barley straw yellow storage method - Google Patents
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- CN112219942A CN112219942A CN202011155783.2A CN202011155783A CN112219942A CN 112219942 A CN112219942 A CN 112219942A CN 202011155783 A CN202011155783 A CN 202011155783A CN 112219942 A CN112219942 A CN 112219942A
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of straw yellow storage. The invention provides a highland barley straw yellow storage method, which comprises the steps of crushing highland barley straws; adjusting the water content of the crushed highland barley straws; mixing the obtained highland barley straws with a base material and a microbial inoculum, and then carrying out fermentation treatment. The sensory quality score of the highland barley straws treated by the yellow storage method is more than or equal to 17; the pH value is reduced to be less than or equal to 4.47, the mass content of lactic acid is more than or equal to 0.7 percent, the mass content of acetic acid is more than or equal to 0.44 percent, and the mass content of propionic acid is more than or equal to 0.6 percent; the mass content of the crude protein is more than or equal to 2.78 percent, the mass content of the dry matter is more than or equal to 69.81 percent, the mass content of the neutral detergent fiber is more than or equal to 73.49 percent, the mass content of the acid detergent fiber is more than or equal to 42.58 percent, and the mass content of the crude fat is more than or equal to 2.17 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straw yellow storage, in particular to a highland barley straw yellow storage method.
Background
Tibet is located at the edges of southwest in China, called as the "world Ridge", and has high and severe topography, average altitude of more than 4000m, poor climatic environment condition, insufficient accumulated temperature, short growing period of pasture and grain crops, poor production capacity and difficulty in supplying enough forage grass to livestock. Therefore, the livestock fat condition shows a seasonal fluctuation trend along with the forage grass supply, and the condition of 'winter lean and spring death' is presented. According to the Tibetan statistics yearbook in 2019, the yield of various crop straws in the whole region is about 186 ten thousand tons, wherein the highland barley is 62 ten thousand tons, and the straw resources in the whole region are the first. The content of crude fiber of the crop straw reaches 30-40%, and the crop straw has the remarkable characteristics of low content of soluble sugar and crude protein, poor palatability, low nutritional value and the like. Therefore, the efficient utilization of straw resources and the expansion of feed sources are certainly effective means for relieving the contradiction between supply and demand of Tibet forage grass and promoting the structural reform of the livestock husbandry supply side.
The treatment method of the straw is mainly divided into three methods, namely a physical treatment method, a chemical treatment method and a biological treatment method. The straw yellow corn silage belongs to a biological treatment method, and can effectively improve the feed preservation effect, improve the palatability, promote the digestion and absorption and promote the environment improvement. The most important factor influencing the straw yellow storage quality is microorganism, and the effective microorganism compound product can promote lactic acid bacteria to quickly proliferate to a required amount in the straw fermentation process, generate lactic acid, reduce the pH value, inhibit the activity of harmful microorganisms and obtain better yellow storage quality.
At present, the main crop straw yellow storage technology in China is systematic and mature, and a plurality of technologies can be directly used for highland barley straws, such as crushing, sealing, post-storage management and the like. However, the key technology of highland barley straw yellow storage cannot directly apply the existing technical standard due to the restriction of the particularity of highland barley straw and the characteristics of the Tibet environment, so that the fermentation bacteria agent, the fermentation days and the like of highland barley straw yellow storage in Tibet regions need to be determined urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to clarify key links such as microbial inoculum, fermentation time and the like of highland barley straw yellow storage according to the characteristics of highland barley straw, and provides a highland barley straw yellow storage method to improve the utilization rate and yellow storage quality of highland barley straw.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a highland barley straw yellow storage method, which comprises the following steps:
1) smashing the highland barley straws;
2) adjusting the water content of the crushed highland barley straws;
3) mixing the highland barley straws obtained in the step 2) with a base material and a microbial inoculum, and then carrying out fermentation treatment to obtain the highland barley straws subjected to yellow storage treatment.
Preferably, the particle size of the crushing treatment in the step 1) is 1-2 cm.
Preferably, the water content in the step 2) is 50-70%.
Preferably, the bottom material in the step 3) is brown sugar dry powder, and the microbial inoculum is Wang nong Bao leavening agent.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the bottom material in the step 3) to the highland barley straws obtained in the step 2) is 1-3: 100.
Preferably, the mixture obtained by mixing in step 3) is sequentially filled, compacted, sealed and then fermented.
Preferably, the fermentation treatment time in the step 3) is 35-55 days.
Preferably, the highland barley straws are highland barley straws in Tibet regions, and the fermentation treatment temperature is 16-25 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention include the following:
1) the highland barley straws treated by the yellow storage method of the invention obviously improve the sensory quality, and the sensory quality score is more than or equal to 17; the pH value is reduced to be less than or equal to 4.47, the mass content of lactic acid is more than or equal to 0.7 percent, the mass content of acetic acid is more than or equal to 0.44 percent, and the mass content of propionic acid is more than or equal to 0.6 percent.
2) The highland barley straw treated by the yellow storage method obviously improves the content of crude protein, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fat, the mass content of the crude protein is more than or equal to 2.78 percent, the mass content of the dry matter is more than or equal to 69.81 percent, the mass content of the neutral detergent fiber is more than or equal to 73.49 percent, the mass content of the acid detergent fiber is more than or equal to 42.58 percent, and the mass content of the crude fat is more than or equal to 2.17 percent.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a highland barley straw yellow storage method, which comprises the following steps:
1) smashing the highland barley straws;
2) adjusting the water content of the crushed highland barley straws;
3) mixing the highland barley straws obtained in the step 2) with a base material and a microbial inoculum, and then carrying out fermentation treatment to obtain the highland barley straws subjected to yellow storage treatment.
The granularity of the crushing treatment in the step 1) is preferably 1-2 cm, and more preferably 1.5 cm.
The mass fraction of the water content in the step 2) is preferably 50-70%, more preferably 55-65%, and even more preferably 60%, and the water content is preferably measured by a moisture meter.
The bottom material in the step 3) of the invention is preferably brown sugar dry powder, the microbial inoculum is preferably Wang nong Bao leaven, the Wang nong Bao leaven is preferably straw leaven of Zheng Zhou Wang nong Bao biological science and technology limited, the Wang nong Bao leaven is preferably 200 g/bag, and the addition amount is 50 g/t.
The Wannongbao leavening agent contains a plurality of composite probiotics and biological enzymes, and the main components of the Wannongbao leavening agent comprise lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis.
The weight ratio of the bottom material in the step 3) to the highland barley straw obtained in the step 2) is preferably 1-3: 100, and more preferably 2: 100.
The mixture obtained by mixing in step 3) of the invention is preferably sequentially filled, compacted, sealed and then fermented.
The filling according to the invention should be rapid and uniform, the filling and compacting preferably alternating; the sealing is preferably carried out rapidly after the filling and compacting have been completed.
The time for the fermentation treatment in step 3) of the invention is preferably 35 to 55 days, more preferably 40 to 50 days, and even more preferably 45 days.
The highland barley straws are preferably highland barley straws in Tibet regions, the fermentation treatment is preferably carried out in the outdoor environment of Tibet, and the fermentation treatment temperature is preferably 16-25 ℃, and is further preferably 18-22 ℃.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The highland barley straw is crushed into particles with the granularity of 1cm, then the particles and water are mixed, the water content is adjusted to be 50%, 10kg of highland barley straw particles with the water content are obtained, then the highland barley straw particles with the water content are mixed with brown sugar dry powder and Wang nong Bao leavening agent, the brown sugar dry powder is 100g, and Wang nong Bao zymophyte is added according to the requirements of the specification. And sequentially filling, compacting and sealing the obtained mixture, and fermenting for 35 days outdoors in Tibet regions to obtain the highland barley straws treated by yellow storage.
The sensory quality score of the highland barley straws obtained in the example 1 is 17; the pH value is 4.47, the mass content of lactic acid is 0.7%, the mass content of acetic acid is 0.44%, and the mass content of propionic acid is 0.6%. The mass content of crude protein was 2.78%, the mass content of dry matter was 69.81%, the mass content of neutral detergent fiber was 73.49%, the mass content of acid detergent fiber was 42.58%, and the mass content of crude fat was 2.17%.
Example 2
The highland barley straws are crushed into particles with the granularity of 2cm, then the particles and water are mixed, the water content is adjusted to 65%, 10kg of highland barley straw particles with the water content are obtained, then the highland barley straw particles with the water content are mixed with brown sugar dry powder and Wanngnongbao fermenting agent, the brown sugar dry powder is 300g, and Wanngnongbao fermenting bacteria are added according to the requirements of the specification. And sequentially filling, compacting and sealing the obtained mixture, and fermenting the mixture outdoors in Tibet regions for 55 days to obtain the highland barley straws treated by yellow storage.
The sensory quality score of the highland barley straws obtained in the example 2 is 18; the pH value is 4.2, the mass content of lactic acid is 0.75%, the mass content of acetic acid is 0.47%, and the mass content of propionic acid is 0.65%. The mass content of crude protein was 2.78%, the mass content of dry matter was 70.1%, the mass content of neutral detergent fiber was 74.19%, the mass content of acid detergent fiber was 42.78%, and the mass content of crude fat was 2.37%.
Example 3
The highland barley straws are crushed into particles with the granularity of 1.5cm, then the particles and water are mixed, the water content is adjusted to be 60%, highland barley straw particles with the water content of 10kg are obtained, the highland barley straw particles with the water content are mixed with brown sugar dry powder and Wang nong Bao leavening agent, the brown sugar dry powder is 200g, and Wang nong Bao leavening bacteria are added according to the requirements of the specification. And sequentially filling, compacting and sealing the obtained mixture, and fermenting for 45 days outdoors in Tibet areas to obtain the highland barley straws treated by yellow storage.
The sensory quality score of the highland barley straws obtained in the example 3 is 19; the pH value is 4.0, the mass content of lactic acid is 0.82%, the mass content of acetic acid is 0.51%, and the mass content of propionic acid is 0.68%. The mass content of crude protein was 2.82%, the mass content of dry matter was 70.15%, the mass content of neutral detergent fiber was 74.19%, the mass content of acid detergent fiber was 42.85%, and the mass content of crude fat was 2.41%.
Comparative example 1
The fermentation time of this comparative example was 30 days, and the other conditions were the same as in example 3.
The sensory quality score of the highland barley straws obtained in the comparative example 1 is 15; the pH value is 4.5, the mass content of lactic acid is 0.62%, the mass content of acetic acid is 0.41%, and the mass content of propionic acid is 0.6%. The mass content of crude protein was 2.75%, the mass content of dry matter was 69.11%, the mass content of neutral detergent fiber was 73.19%, the mass content of acid detergent fiber was 42.15%, and the mass content of crude fat was 2.01%.
Comparative example 2
The fermentation time of this comparative example was 60 days, and the other conditions were the same as in example 3.
The sensory quality score of the highland barley straws obtained in the comparative example 2 is 16; the pH value is 4.51, the mass content of lactic acid is 0.65%, the mass content of acetic acid is 0.41%, and the mass content of propionic acid is 0.59%. The mass content of crude protein was 2.68%, the mass content of dry matter was 68.19%, the mass content of neutral detergent fiber was 73.29%, the mass content of acidic detergent fiber was 41.95%, and the mass content of crude fat was 2.07%.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example uses the beneficial bacteria, the dosage of the beneficial bacteria is added according to the requirements of the specification, and other conditions are the same as the example 3.
The sensory quality score of the highland barley straws obtained in the comparative example 3 is 15; the pH value is 4.3, the mass content of lactic acid is 0.61%, the mass content of acetic acid is 0.39%, and the mass content of propionic acid is 0.55%. The mass content of crude protein was 2.69%, the mass content of dry matter was 68.39%, the mass content of neutral detergent fiber was 73.19%, the mass content of acid detergent fiber was 41.55%, and the mass content of crude fat was 2.05%.
The sensory quality evaluation criteria of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were the sensory index evaluation criteria of silage issued by the German Ministry of agriculture.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A highland barley straw yellow storage method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) smashing the highland barley straws;
2) adjusting the water content of the crushed highland barley straws;
3) mixing the highland barley straws obtained in the step 2) with a base material and a microbial inoculum, and then carrying out fermentation treatment to obtain the highland barley straws subjected to yellow storage treatment.
2. The silage method according to claim 1, wherein the crushing treatment of step 1) has a particle size of 1-2 cm.
3. The yellow corn silage method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water content in step 2) is 50-70%.
4. The yellow rice storage method according to claim 3, wherein the base material in step 3) is brown sugar dry powder, and the microbial inoculum is Wang nong Bao starter.
5. The yellow corn silage method according to claim 3, wherein the weight ratio of the bottom material in the step 3) to the highland barley straw obtained in the step 2) is 1-3: 100.
6. The yellow corn silage method according to claim 5, wherein the mixture obtained by the mixing in the step 3) is sequentially subjected to filling, compacting, sealing and then fermentation treatment.
7. The silage method according to claim 6, wherein the fermentation treatment in step 3) is performed for 35-55 days.
8. The yellow corn silage method according to claim 7, wherein the highland barley straw is highland barley straw in Tibet region, and the fermentation temperature is 16-25 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114766599A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-22 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Method for recycling waste straw and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114766599A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-22 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Method for recycling waste straw and application thereof |
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