CN1122156A - 长度可变的轴组件 - Google Patents

长度可变的轴组件 Download PDF

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CN1122156A
CN1122156A CN94191966A CN94191966A CN1122156A CN 1122156 A CN1122156 A CN 1122156A CN 94191966 A CN94191966 A CN 94191966A CN 94191966 A CN94191966 A CN 94191966A CN 1122156 A CN1122156 A CN 1122156A
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shaft
shaft coupling
spring
steering shaft
spare
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CN1046018C (zh
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K·J·奥迪伯
F·W·米尔切尔
W·E·科尔增
J·T·罗逊
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Timken US LLC
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Torrington Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
    • B62D1/185—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable adjustable by axial displacement, e.g. telescopically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
    • F16C3/03—Shafts; Axles telescopic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/06—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/50—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
    • F16D3/56—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members comprising elastic metal lamellae, elastic rods, or the like, e.g. arranged radially or parallel to the axis, the members being shear-loaded collectively by the total load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/50—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
    • F16D3/64—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members comprising elastic elements arranged between substantially-radial walls of both coupling parts
    • F16D3/66—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members comprising elastic elements arranged between substantially-radial walls of both coupling parts the elements being metallic, e.g. in the form of coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/121—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs
    • F16F15/124—Elastomeric springs
    • F16F15/126—Elastomeric springs consisting of at least one annular element surrounding the axis of rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/20—Land vehicles
    • F16C2326/24—Steering systems, e.g. steering rods or columns

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

一种转向轴联轴节(1)包括：一外管状轴件(20)，一滑动地插入外管状轴件(20)内的同轴内轴件(24)，外管状轴件(20)有一内周壁及内轴件有一外周壁，该内周壁和外周壁具有互补之形状，所述互补之形状在两轴件之间传递转矩，以及一个位于所述的内轴件与外管状轴件之间的偏置件(22)，该偏置件产生一个与上述被传递的转矩方向相反的力。

Description

     长度可变的轴组件
发明背景
本发明总的说来涉及长度可变的轴组件，更具体地说涉及一种适用于汽车转向装置中转向轴的轴组件。
在某些情况下组装汽车时，所述的一端接附在转向管，另一端接转向器的轴组件必须能在轴向延伸，以便能被安装到正常的工作位置。因此，为了便于安装，促使滑动的力应较小。对轴组件的一个附加要求就是能适应由道路状况而造成的车体/底盘的挠曲。
一般地，为了减小轴组件轴向移动所需的力，公、母构件之间的间隙必须加大，其结果是轴组件的旋转空隙或游隙增加了。在尝试驾驶性能越灵敏越好的同时被迫减少了对旋转游隙的要求。
上述指出了现有的长度可变之轴组件所存在的局限性。因此，能提供另一种能克服上述一个或多个缺点的轴组件明显将是有利的。为此，下面将提供一合适的轴组件，并对其作详细描述。
本发明的总结
根据本发明的一个方面，所提供的转向轴联轴节包括：一外管状轴件；一滑动插入于所述管状轴件之内的同轴内轴件；该外管状轴件有一内周壁，及内轴件有一外周壁；该内周壁和外周壁具有互补之形状，该互补之形状在两轴件之间传递转矩；及一个位在所述的内轴件与外管状轴件之间的偏置件，所述偏置件的作用力与上述传递之转矩相反。
现结合附图，从下面对发明的详细描述中将明了本发明的上述及其它方面。
                   附图的简要说明
图1示意性地示出了一汽车的转向系统，其中采用了本发明的一个联轴节；
图2是一体现本发明的联轴节之立视图；
图3是图2所示联轴节的剖面图；
图4是类似于图3的剖面图，示出了所述的联轴节在转向轴上下部分之间的最大相对转动量；
图5为弹簧力作用的示意简图；以及
图6为显示图2所示的联轴节之弹簧载荷与弹性变形比较的曲线图。
                 详细说明
图1示出了一用于汽车转向系统的本发明之转向轴联轴节1。所述转向轴联轴节1设置在一个从转向管6伸出的转向主轴7与一个接在转向器壳8上的转向轴9之间。典型地，该转向轴联轴节1通过一对万向接头10，11分别连接到转向主轴7及转向轴9上。
图2为本发明的联轴节1之立视图，联轴节1有部分被移去，以显示联轴节1的细部。该联轴节包括三个主要构件，即外管状轴件20，内轴件24及一个位于外轴件20与内轴件24之间弹簧件22。内轴件24和外轴件20之间可相对滑动。所述弹簧件22最好相对该两轴件之一固定。一下轴30联接到内轴件24上。外轴件20可以轴向延长，使得万向接头11直接接到外轴件20上。也可用一个轴件(图中未示)将外轴件20连到万向接头11上。
在优选的实施例中，下轴30可在内轴24内滑动。这使得轴组件的上下部分可以收缩，这样既简化了汽车组装工作，又在汽车碰撞时不易损坏。下轴30具有双D的形状，以便于内轴件24和下轴30之间传递转矩。
外轴件20，内轴件24及弹簧件22每个均具有类似双B的形状。外轴件20的内周壁和内轴件24的外周壁具有互补的形状，从而可以在外轴件20与内轴件24之间传递转矩。在该优选的实施例中，弹簧件22也具有与外轴件20及内轴件24相类似的形状。图2及3所示的件之形状可描述为一个开有两个齿槽的花键。
在所述的优选实施例中，如图3所示，弹簧件22是由两部分组成，且只在图3还示出位于弹簧件22相对两侧的防振凸起26。在某些场合需消除沿外轴件20的弯曲部分的位于弹簧件22与外轴件20之间的间隙时就要设置抗振凸起26。
弹簧件22的目的在于消除外轴件20和内轴件24之间的旋转间隙。当一个轴件相对于另一轴件转动时，如图5所示，所述弹簧件施加一个与传递的转矩方向相反的力40。取决于轴件20，24及弹簧件22的形状，可以产生任何个数的弹力。对于图2及图3所示的实施例来说，于顺时针转动时产生两个弹力，另两个弹力则于逆时针转动时产生(参见图5)。在本发明优选的实施例中，垂直于弹力40的线42与内轴件的轴线相交。
本发明的一个目的就是当一个轴件相对于另一轴件转动时能限制弹簧件22内的应力。外轴件20，弹簧件22及内轴件24的传递转矩之结构形状应这样设计，即转矩一开始通过弹簧件22从一轴件传递至另一轴件，弹簧应力增加，产生一与传递的转矩方向相反的弹力。当传递的转矩继续增加时，如图4所示，弹簧件22开始被夹紧在外轴件20与内轴件24之间。一旦发生上述状态后，转矩直接从一轴件传递给另一个。达到上述的位置后，弹簧件22的张应力不再随转矩增加而增加。一般来说，弹簧件22被“夹紧”只沿线28发生，而不是在弹簧件22的广大区域发生。尽管图4示出了“夹紧”发生在弹簧件22产生弹力的区域，取决于轴件20，24及弹簧件22，所述“夹紧”也可发生在弹簧件22的其它区域。具有以上结构的弹簧件22一般能承载一些转矩及转向管的正常驱动荷载。但是，在较高的转矩及应力条件下，“夹紧”效应限制或抑住了弹簧件22的最大应力。
取得这种“夹紧”效应的几何形状之一是在外轴件20及内轴件24上设有扁平部分44a，44b。所述扁平部分与一条通过所述轴的轴线的线成一角度，使得弹簧件22被“夹紧”在两扁平部分44a与44b之间。
弹簧件22的另一目的是将两轴之间的轴向滑动荷载变化减至最小。该弹簧件22的进一步目的是要保持扭转率与轴向滑动荷载之间以一预定的关系。
图6示出了在本发明的联轴节1中弹簧荷载与弹簧变形之间的关系，说明上述目的是如何达到的。图6的曲线显示了弹簧工作的三个不同区域。在第一区域，当弹簧最初加载时，弹簧荷载随变形增加而增加。在第二区域，当弹簧变形增大时，弹簧荷载基本保持恒定。之后联轴节1进入第三区域，弹簧荷载再次随弹簧变形或联轴节荷载的增加而增加。所述弹簧荷载一直增加至弹簧件22被“夹紧”在如图4所示的内轴件24与外轴件20之间。
为了便于安装，希望外轴件20与内轴件24之间产生滑动的力较小。该产生滑动的力(FTS)或轴向滑动荷载由下述公式决定：滑动力＝(组装预载荷＋零件制造误差×弹簧刚性系数)×摩擦系数
弹簧刚性系数被定义为：一给定的弹簧变形变化量而引起的弹簧荷载变化量。图6所示的曲线的第二区域具有较低的弹簧刚性系数。在联轴节1内的弹簧件22的初始荷载(预载)应选择为落在上述低弹簧刚性系数的第二区域。如上述方程所表示的那样，由于弹簧刚性系数很小或等于零，作为零件制造公差或误差的结果而使滑动力变化的贡献很有限。通过设置预定的组装弹簧预载而将联轴节1的弹簧刚性系数曲线设计成能提供一在滑动时有给定的系数值。

Claims (18)

1.一种转向轴联轴节包括：
一外管状轴件；
一滑动地插入外管状轴件内的同轴内轴件；
上述外管状轴件有一内周壁及内轴件有一外周壁，内周壁和外周壁具有互补之形状，该互补之形状在两轴件之间传递转矩；以及
一个位于所述的内轴件与外管状轴件之间的偏置件，所述偏置件的作用力与上述被传递之转矩方向相反。
2.根据权利要求1的转向轴联轴节，还包括：
一个当两轴件之间的转矩增加时防止上述偏置件内应力超过预定最大值的装置。
3.根据权利要求1的转向轴联轴节，其中偏置件具有一个与上述内周壁及外周壁互补的形状。
4.根据权利要求1所述的转向轴联轴节，其中一条垂直于上述与被传递的转矩方向相反的力的线与内轴件的轴线相交。
5.根据权利要求1所述的转向轴联轴节，其中所述的偏置件在传递的转矩方向相反的方向上产生若干作用力。
6.根据权利要求1所述的转向轴联轴节，其中上述偏置件是一轴向延伸的弹簧。
7.根据权利要求6所述的转向轴联轴节，其中轴向延伸的弹簧由两部分组成。
8.根据权利要求6所述的转向轴联轴节，其中轴向延伸的弹簧加有一预载荷。
9.根据权利要求8所述的转向轴联轴节，其中轴向延伸的弹簧之
弹簧刚性系数在所述的预载荷下为零。
10.根据权利要求1所述的转向轴联轴节，还包括：
一用于维持两轴件间的转矩与外轴件相对于内轴件的轴向滑动荷载之间以一预定关系之装置。
11.根据权利要求1所述的转向轴联轴节，还包括：
一用来减小外轴件相对于内轴件之轴向滑动荷载的变化的装置。
12.根据权利要求1所述的转向轴联轴节，其中所述的内轴件为管状的；以及
一同轴布置并滑动地插入所述的管状内轴件中的轴件，内管状轴件和实心的轴件的形状能传递所述的实心轴件与内轴件之间的转矩。
13.一种转向轴联轴节包括：
一外管状轴件；
一滑动地插入所述外管状轴件之内的同轴内轴件；
所述外管状轴件有一内周壁及内轴件具有一外周壁，该内周壁和外周壁具有互补之形状，所述互补之形状在两轴件之间传递转矩；
一个位于所述的内轴件与外管状轴件之间的偏置件，该偏置件施加的弹簧力与上述传递之转矩相反。
14.根据权利要求13所述的转向轴联轴节，其中一条垂直于弹簧力的线与内轴件之轴线相交。
15.根据权利要求13所述的转向轴联轴节，其中所述的弹簧件为一轴向延伸的弹簧。
16.根据权利要求15所述的转向轴联轴节，其中上述之轴向延伸的弹簧由两部分组成。
17.根据权利要求13所述的转向轴联轴节，其中弹簧件具有一个与所述内周壁及外周壁互补的形状。
18.一种轴向可延伸的传递转矩的转向轴联轴节包括：
一个管状形第一外构件；
一同轴的第二内构件，该第一构件和第二构件做成能从一构件将转矩传递至另一构件；
一布置在上述第一构件与第二构件之间之轴向延伸的弹簧件，该弹簧件作用力与传递的转矩相反；以及
一防止弹簧件内应力超过一预定最大值的装置。
CN94191966A 1993-05-03 1994-04-29 长度可变的转向轴联轴节 Expired - Fee Related CN1046018C (zh)

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US5533793A 1993-05-03 1993-05-03
US08/055,337 1993-05-03

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CN1122156A true CN1122156A (zh) 1996-05-08
CN1046018C CN1046018C (zh) 1999-10-27

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EP (1) EP0775265B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH08511850A (zh)
CN (1) CN1046018C (zh)
AU (1) AU6669994A (zh)
BR (1) BR9406388A (zh)
CA (1) CA2160997A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69419531T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2133560T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO1994025766A1 (zh)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN105306633A (zh) * 2015-10-23 2016-02-03 温州神一微型轴有限公司 一种手机导轨用微型轴
CN105658979A (zh) * 2013-07-18 2016-06-08 株式会社捷太格特 滑动轴和转向装置
CN109311502A (zh) * 2016-06-17 2019-02-05 蒂森克虏伯普利斯坦股份公司 具有拉出安全装置的可伸缩转向轴
CN112109796A (zh) * 2020-10-12 2020-12-22 坤泰车辆系统（常州）有限公司 自动驾驶车辆转向管柱

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CN1109201C (zh) * 1997-02-26 2003-05-21 丰田自动车株式会社 旋转轴的结合构造
CN101512172B (zh) * 2006-09-13 2012-09-26 株式会社捷太格特 动力传输结构
CN105658979A (zh) * 2013-07-18 2016-06-08 株式会社捷太格特 滑动轴和转向装置
CN105658979B (zh) * 2013-07-18 2018-10-02 株式会社捷太格特 滑动轴和转向装置
CN105306633A (zh) * 2015-10-23 2016-02-03 温州神一微型轴有限公司 一种手机导轨用微型轴
CN109311502A (zh) * 2016-06-17 2019-02-05 蒂森克虏伯普利斯坦股份公司 具有拉出安全装置的可伸缩转向轴
US11092190B2 (en) 2016-06-17 2021-08-17 Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag Telescopic steering shaft with a pull-out safeguard
CN109311502B (zh) * 2016-06-17 2021-08-27 蒂森克虏伯普利斯坦股份公司 具有拉出安全装置的可伸缩转向轴
CN112109796A (zh) * 2020-10-12 2020-12-22 坤泰车辆系统（常州）有限公司 自动驾驶车辆转向管柱

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EP0775265B1 (en) 1999-07-14
WO1994025766A1 (en) 1994-11-10
CA2160997A1 (en) 1994-11-10
DE69419531T2 (de) 2000-01-27
AU6669994A (en) 1994-11-21
ES2133560T3 (es) 1999-09-16
US5507203A (en) 1996-04-16
DE69419531D1 (de) 1999-08-19
CN1046018C (zh) 1999-10-27
JPH08511850A (ja) 1996-12-10
EP0775265A1 (en) 1997-05-28
BR9406388A (pt) 1996-01-16

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