CN112195647A - 一种高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
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- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
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Abstract
本发明属于纤维材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维及其制备方法,具体工艺步骤包括:改性海藻酸盐纤维的制备、改性海藻酸盐纤维的预处理、氧化锌种子层的沉积和氧化锌纳米棒阵列的生长,通过蛭石的纳米片掺杂极大提高了海藻酸盐纤维机械强度;通过在海藻酸盐纤维表面引入基团(碱刻蚀或多巴胺)增强了海藻酸盐纤维与纳米氧化锌间的界面结合力;其制备方法简单,原料易得,成本低,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于纤维材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维及其制备方法,海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维能够用于柔性可穿戴传感器件,应用前景广阔。
背景技术:
近年来不断发展的可穿戴技术受到人们极大关注,可穿戴式传感器件携带方便,质量轻,广泛应用于健康监测、人机交互、能源、光电器件等领域。通常,可穿戴传感设备使用平坦的基板,并涂有金属层、有机半导体传感功能材料等,难以大面积形变。相比刚性基板来说,基于柔性材质的可穿戴传感器受到研究者和广大需求者的新关注。
目前,已有碳纤维、腈纶、锦纶等纤维用于制备纤维状柔性传感器的报道。相比于合成高分子纤维,海藻多糖纤维是采用天然海藻中所提取的海藻酸为原料制取的海洋纤维材料,具有良好的生物相容、降解吸收、抑菌抗菌、本质阻燃、可持续性,是发展柔性可穿戴器件的理想基质材料。
纳米结构氧化锌具有光电/压电/热释电/铁电等刺激响应特性。表面取向性高、排列整齐的六方纤锌矿结构的氧化锌纳米棒光(热)电性能优异。此外,氧化锌易于大规模合成、环境友好等,随着智能可穿戴技术的飞速发展,利用氧化锌各种优异性能与柔性材料结合制作的可穿戴设备,逐渐成为许多研究者重视的热门课题。
目前,将纳米氧化锌与海藻纤维结合的研究已有报道,例如中国专利CN201510317684.2公开了一种可持续抗菌的纳米氧化锌海藻纤维的制备方法,其先以海藻酸钠粉末与纳米氧化锌粉末混合均匀;加入蒸馏水、超声分散均匀,制成海藻酸钠基纳米氧化锌胶体;再在上述胶体中加入足量的纤维级海藻酸钠粉末,制备出纺丝溶液;后经湿法纺丝等步骤制得纳米氧化锌海藻纤维成品,所制备出的纳米氧化锌海藻纤维抗菌效果明显,能有效的抑制细菌的生长,且安全无毒,可广泛用于医疗、军事或保健纺织品等领域;中国专利CN201910490819.3公开了一种负载纳米氧化锌海藻酸盐纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)海藻酸盐纤维预处理;(2)负载锌离子海藻酸盐纤维的制备;(3)配制阳离子型氨基化合物,加入水溶性蛋白,调节溶液pH值为碱性;(4)将步骤(2)中制备的含锌海藻酸盐纤维浸渍到步骤(3)中制备的溶液中,制得负载纳米氧化锌的海藻酸盐纤维;但这些现有技术均是利用氧化锌的抗菌性能,且存在氧化锌仅是分散在海藻纤维表面,附着力差,无取向性,不具备环境刺激响应特性。
目前为止,氧化锌纳米阵列的生长基质主要为刚性基底、金属材料或者平面材料,在绝缘的纤维基质上生长氧化锌纳米阵列还比较少见。由于海藻酸盐纤维存在力学性能差、机械强度低、不耐强酸和强碱、表面附着力差等问题,所以很难在海藻酸盐纤维表面生长氧化锌纳米阵列,至今为止,国内外还未有在海藻酸盐纤维表面生长氧化锌纳米阵列的报道。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点,开发一种高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维及其制备方法,在海藻酸盐纤维表面生长氧化锌纳米棒阵列的同时提高其机械强度,使其能够应用于柔性可穿戴传感。
为达到上述目的,本发明涉及的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,具体工艺步骤包括:
(1)改性海藻酸盐纤维的制备:配置质量百分比为1%-5%的海藻酸钠水溶液,加入海藻酸钠水溶液总重量的1%-8%的膨胀蛭石,经超声剥离、离心分离后,得到蛭石纳米片均匀分散的海藻酸钠水溶液;将上述溶液经脱泡处理后,经过喷丝孔挤出到二价金属离子盐溶液凝固浴中,交联反应1-3小时,形成固态不溶性的海藻酸钙长丝,在60℃条件下烘干30分钟,制得改性海藻酸盐纤维;
(2)改性海藻酸盐纤维的预处理:对海藻酸盐纤维进行碱刻蚀预处理或进行多巴胺黏附预处理;
(3)氧化锌种子层的沉积:配制8mmol/L的醋酸锌无水乙醇溶液,将预处理的海藻酸盐纤维置于上述溶液中浸泡10-50秒,再在100℃下烘干10分钟,重复浸泡、烘干步骤5-10次;
(4)氧化锌纳米棒阵列的生长:分别配置浓度均为50mmol/L的锌盐水溶液和六亚甲基四胺水溶液,搅拌至溶解后,再将锌盐水溶液与六亚甲基四胺水溶液按体积比1:1混合,将六亚甲基四胺水溶液缓慢倒入锌盐水溶液中继续搅拌,直至产生白色絮状沉淀,即为水热前驱体溶液;再将步骤(3)制得的表面长有种子层的海藻酸盐纤维置于水热前驱体溶液中,在85℃下水热反应4-10小时;将水热反应结束后得到的纤维产品依次经去离子水、乙醇、去离子水、乙醇冲洗,然后在80℃鼓风干燥箱中烘干,即得到高强度海藻酸钙/纳米氧化锌复合纤维,纤维表面氧化锌纳米棒取向性好、长径比大、呈现六棱柱形貌,排列整齐致密,不易脱落。
本发明涉及的步骤(2)中,对海藻酸盐纤维进行碱刻蚀预处理的具体步骤为:用体积浓度为5%的NaOH水溶液对海藻酸盐纤维进行刻蚀处理,在纤维表面引入-OH基团,刻蚀时间为5-60秒,然后用去离子水清洗。
进一步的,刻蚀时间为10秒。
本发明涉及的步骤(2)中,对海藻酸盐纤维进行多巴胺预处理的具体步骤为:将0.04克盐酸多巴胺加入200毫升pH值为8.5的三羟甲基氨基丙烷缓冲溶液中,置入海藻酸盐纤维室温浸泡6小时,然后用去离子水冲洗聚多巴胺黏附的海藻酸盐纤维,在100℃下干燥10分钟,得到聚多巴胺黏附的海藻酸盐纤维。
本发明涉及的锌盐是硝酸锌、醋酸锌、硫酸锌、氯化锌中的一种或几种。
本发明与现有技术相比,通过蛭石的纳米片掺杂极大提高了海藻酸盐纤维机械强度;通过在海藻酸盐纤维表面引入基团(碱刻蚀或多巴胺)增强了海藻酸盐纤维与纳米氧化锌间的界面结合力;其制备方法简单,原料易得,成本低,应用前景广阔。
附图说明:
图1为本发明涉及的实施例1的高强度海藻酸钙/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的表面扫描电镜形貌图。
图2为本发明涉及的实施例1的高强度海藻酸钙/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的断裂强力对比图。
图3为本发明涉及的实施例2的高强度海藻酸锌/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的表面扫描电镜形貌图。
具体实施方式:
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1:
本实施例涉及的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,具体工艺步骤包括:
(1)改性海藻酸钙纤维的制备:配置质量百分比为3%的海藻酸钠水溶液,加入海藻酸钠水溶液总重量的3.2%的膨胀蛭石,经超声剥离、离心分离后,得到蛭石纳米片均匀分散的海藻酸钠水溶液;将上述溶液经脱泡处理后,经过喷丝孔挤出到氯化钙凝固浴中,交联反应2小时,形成固态不溶性的海藻酸钙长丝,在60℃条件下烘干20min,制得改性海藻酸钙纤维;
(2)改性海藻酸钙纤维的预处理:用体积浓度为5%的NaOH水溶液对海藻酸钙纤维进行刻蚀处理,在纤维表面引入-OH基团,刻蚀时间为10秒,然后用去离子水清洗;
(3)氧化锌种子层的沉积:配制8mmol/L的醋酸锌无水乙醇溶液,将预处理的海藻酸钙纤维置于上述溶液中浸泡10秒,再在100℃下烘干10分钟,反复10次;
(4)氧化锌纳米棒阵列的生长:分别配置浓度均为50mmol/L的硝酸锌水溶液和六亚甲基四胺水溶液,搅拌至溶解后,再将硝酸锌水溶液与六亚甲基四胺水溶液按体积比1:1混合,将六亚甲基四胺水溶液缓慢倒入硝酸锌水溶液中继续搅拌,直至产生白色絮状沉淀,即为水热前驱体溶液;再将步骤(3)制得的表面长有种子层的海藻酸钙纤维置于水热前驱体溶液中,在85℃下水热反应4小时;将水热反应结束后得到的纤维产品依次经去离子水、乙醇、去离子水、乙醇冲洗,然后在80℃鼓风干燥箱中烘干,即得到高强度海藻酸钙/纳米氧化锌复合纤维,纤维表面氧化锌纳米棒取向性好、长径比大、呈现六棱柱形貌,排列整齐致密,不易脱落。
本实施例利用蛭石超薄片层结构使纤维力学性能得以提升;对海藻多糖纤维进行碱刻蚀处理,在纤维表面引入-OH基团,能够加强纤维与氧化锌间的结合。
实施例2:
本实施例涉及的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,具体工艺步骤包括:
(1)改性海藻酸锌纤维的制备:配置质量百分比为3%的海藻酸钠水溶液,加入海藻酸钠水溶液总重量的5%的膨胀蛭石,经超声剥离、离心分离后,得到蛭石纳米片均匀分散的海藻酸钠水溶液;将上述溶液经脱泡处理后,经过喷丝孔挤出到氯化锌凝固浴中,交联反应2小时,形成固态不溶性的海藻酸锌长丝,在60℃条件下烘干20min,制得改性海藻酸锌纤维;
(2)海藻酸锌纤维的预处理:将0.04克盐酸多巴胺加入200毫升pH值为8.5的三羟甲基氨基丙烷缓冲溶液中,置入海藻酸锌纤维室温浸泡6小时,然后用去离子水冲洗聚多巴胺黏附的海藻酸锌纤维,在100℃下干燥10分钟,得到聚多巴胺(PDA)黏附的海藻酸锌纤维;
(3)氧化锌种子层的沉积:配制8mmol/L的醋酸锌无水乙醇溶液,将预处理的海藻酸锌纤维置于上述溶液中浸泡10秒,再在100℃下烘干10分钟,反复5次;
(4)氧化锌纳米棒阵列的生长:分别配置浓度均为50mmol/L的硝酸锌水溶液和六亚甲基四胺水溶液,搅拌至溶解后,再将硝酸锌水溶液与六亚甲基四胺水溶液按体积比1:1混合,将六亚甲基四胺水溶液缓慢倒入硝酸锌水溶液中继续搅拌,直至产生白色絮状沉淀,即为水热前驱体溶液;再将步骤(3)制得的表面长有种子层的海藻酸锌纤维置于水热前驱体溶液中,在85℃下水热反应6小时;将水热反应结束后得到的纤维产品依次经去离子水、乙醇、去离子水、乙醇冲洗,然后在80℃鼓风干燥箱中烘干,即得到高强度海藻酸锌/纳米氧化锌复合纤维,纤维表面氧化锌纳米棒取向性好、长径比大、呈现六棱柱形貌,排列整齐致密,不易脱落。
本实施例利用聚多巴胺牢固地附着在纤维表面,作为一个多功能的二次反应平台构筑仿贻贝结构的有机-无机杂化材料,能够加强纤维与氧化锌间的结合。
实施例3:
本实施例涉及的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,具体工艺步骤包括:
(1)改性海藻酸钙纤维的制备:配置质量百分比为3%的海藻酸钠水溶液,加入海藻酸钠水溶液总重量的4%的膨胀蛭石,经超声剥离、离心分离后,得到蛭石纳米片均匀分散的海藻酸钠水溶液;将上述溶液经脱泡处理后,经过喷丝孔挤出到氯化钙凝固浴中,交联反应2.5小时,形成固态不溶性的海藻酸钙长丝,在60℃条件下烘干20min,制得改性海藻酸钙纤维;
(2)改性海藻酸钙纤维的预处理:用体积浓度为5%的NaOH水溶液对海藻酸钙纤维进行刻蚀处理,在纤维表面引入-OH基团,刻蚀时间为30秒,然后用去离子水清洗;
(3)氧化锌种子层的沉积:配制8mmol/L的醋酸锌无水乙醇溶液,将预处理的海藻酸钙纤维置于上述溶液中浸泡10秒,再在100℃下烘干10分钟,反复5次;
(4)氧化锌纳米棒阵列的生长:分别配置浓度均为50mmol/L的硝酸锌水溶液和六亚甲基四胺水溶液,搅拌至溶解后,再将硝酸锌水溶液与六亚甲基四胺水溶液按体积比1:1混合,将六亚甲基四胺水溶液缓慢倒入硝酸锌水溶液中继续搅拌,直至产生白色絮状沉淀,即为水热前驱体溶液;再将步骤(3)制得的表面长有种子层的海藻酸钙纤维置于水热前驱体溶液中,在85℃下水热反应5小时;将水热反应结束后得到的纤维产品依次经去离子水、乙醇、去离子水、乙醇冲洗,然后在80℃鼓风干燥箱中烘干,即得到高强度海藻酸钙/纳米氧化锌复合纤维,纤维表面氧化锌纳米棒取向性好、长径比大、呈现六棱柱形貌,排列整齐致密,不易脱落。
实施例4:
本实施例涉及的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,具体工艺步骤包括:
(1)改性海藻酸锌纤维的制备:配置质量百分比为3%的海藻酸钠水溶液,加入海藻酸钠水溶液总重量的6%的膨胀蛭石,经超声剥离、离心分离后,得到蛭石纳米片均匀分散的海藻酸钠水溶液;将上述溶液经脱泡处理后,经过喷丝孔挤出到氯化锌凝固浴中,交联反应2小时,形成固态不溶性的海藻酸锌长丝,在60℃条件下烘干20min,制得改性海藻酸锌纤维;
(2)海藻酸锌纤维的预处理:将0.04克盐酸多巴胺加入200毫升pH值为8.5的三羟甲基氨基丙烷缓冲溶液中,置入海藻酸锌纤维室温浸泡6小时,然后用去离子水冲洗聚多巴胺黏附的海藻酸锌纤维,在100℃下干燥10分钟,得到聚多巴胺(PDA)黏附的海藻酸锌纤维;
(3)氧化锌种子层的沉积:配制8mmol/L的醋酸锌无水乙醇溶液,将预处理的海藻酸锌纤维置于上述溶液中浸泡20秒,再在100℃下烘干10分钟,反复5次;
(4)氧化锌纳米棒阵列的生长:分别配置浓度均为50mmol/L的硝酸锌水溶液和六亚甲基四胺水溶液,搅拌至溶解后,再将硝酸锌水溶液与六亚甲基四胺水溶液按体积比1:1混合,将六亚甲基四胺水溶液缓慢倒入硝酸锌水溶液中继续搅拌,直至产生白色絮状沉淀,即为水热前驱体溶液;再将步骤(3)制得的表面长有种子层的海藻酸锌纤维置于水热前驱体溶液中,在85℃下水热反应5小时;将水热反应结束后得到的纤维产品依次经去离子水、乙醇、去离子水、乙醇冲洗,然后在80℃鼓风干燥箱中烘干,即得到高强度海藻酸锌/纳米氧化锌复合纤维,纤维表面氧化锌纳米棒取向性好、长径比大、呈现六棱柱形貌,排列整齐致密,不易脱落。
Claims (6)
1.一种高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,具体工艺步骤包括:
(1)改性海藻酸盐纤维的制备:配置质量百分比为1%-5%的海藻酸钠水溶液,加入海藻酸钠水溶液总重量的1%-8%的膨胀蛭石,经超声剥离、离心分离后,得到蛭石纳米片均匀分散的海藻酸钠水溶液;将上述溶液经脱泡处理后,经过喷丝孔挤出到二价金属离子盐溶液凝固浴中,交联反应1-3小时,形成固态不溶性的海藻酸钙长丝,在60℃条件下烘干30分钟,制得改性海藻酸盐纤维;
(2)改性海藻酸盐纤维的预处理:对海藻酸盐纤维进行碱刻蚀预处理或进行多巴胺黏附预处理;
(3)氧化锌种子层的沉积:配制8mmol/L的醋酸锌无水乙醇溶液,将预处理的海藻酸盐纤维置于上述溶液中浸泡10-50秒,再在100℃下烘干10分钟,重复浸泡、烘干步骤5-10次;
(4)氧化锌纳米棒阵列的生长:分别配置浓度均为50mmol/L的锌盐水溶液和六亚甲基四胺水溶液,搅拌至溶解后,再将锌盐水溶液与六亚甲基四胺水溶液按体积比1:1混合,将六亚甲基四胺水溶液缓慢倒入锌盐水溶液中继续搅拌,直至产生白色絮状沉淀,即为水热前驱体溶液;再将步骤(3)制得的表面长有种子层的海藻酸盐纤维置于水热前驱体溶液中,在85℃下水热反应4-10小时;将水热反应结束后得到的纤维产品依次经去离子水、乙醇、去离子水、乙醇冲洗,然后在80℃鼓风干燥箱中烘干,即得到高强度海藻酸钙/纳米氧化锌复合纤维,纤维表面氧化锌纳米棒取向性好、长径比大、呈现六棱柱形貌,排列整齐致密,不易脱落。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,对海藻酸盐纤维进行碱刻蚀预处理的具体步骤为:用体积浓度为5%的NaOH水溶液对海藻酸盐纤维进行刻蚀处理,在纤维表面引入-OH基团,刻蚀时间为5-60秒,然后用去离子水清洗。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,对海藻酸盐纤维进行多巴胺预处理的具体步骤为:将0.04克盐酸多巴胺加入200毫升pH值为8.5的三羟甲基氨基丙烷缓冲溶液中,置入海藻酸盐纤维室温浸泡6小时,然后用去离子水冲洗聚多巴胺黏附的海藻酸盐纤维,在100℃下干燥10分钟,得到聚多巴胺黏附的海藻酸盐纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,锌盐是硝酸锌、醋酸锌、硫酸锌、氯化锌中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,刻蚀时间为10秒。
6.一种权利要求1-5所述的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维的制备方法所制得的高强度海藻酸盐/纳米氧化锌复合纤维。
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CN115467047A (zh) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-12-13 | 南通大学 | 一种高效抗菌光催化的连续氧化铝纤维的制备方法 |
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