CN107022098B - 再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,属于抗菌材料制备方法领域。本发明利用纤维素溶解再生、壳聚糖包覆、银纳米线共混、碳纳米管改性及层层自组装方法,制备出抗菌性能、力学性能、阻隔性能、光学性能优异的纳米多层自组装复合膜。本发明纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜,初始热解温度120℃,拉伸强度高达119.117MPa,透光率高达89.82%,氧气透过率为1.4×10‑12cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa);再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜初始热解温度235℃,拉伸强度高达160.944MPa,透光率高达85.82%,氧气透过率为4.36×10‑14cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa)。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗菌材料制备方法领域,具体涉及一种再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法。
背景技术
随着经济与科学飞速发展,生态环境与能源的不断破坏与枯竭,保护内容物、延长货架期、方便运输和储存已经无法满足人们对食品包装的要求。2003年涉及23个国家和地区的SARS病毒;2005年我国的禽流感病毒;2011年我国的H1N1病毒等。大量数据表明,由病原微生物引发的全球性微生物灾害事件频频发生。尤其我国是人口大国,一旦爆发传染病对社会和经济造成的危害无法估计。因此研制具有无毒副作用、长效广谱、低碳环保的抗菌材料并将其运用于食品包装中具有重大意义。
我国对抗菌材料的研究与国外相比起步较晚,但近十年来对抗菌材料的研究逐渐受到广泛的重视,也得到了可人的成果。纤维素和壳聚糖凭借其优良的力学性能、可降解性、抗菌性、可再生资源和易于加工等性能,吸引了国内外研究学者的广泛关注。有通过二者共混方法制备成膜的,但是由于很难找到一种优良的溶剂将纤维素和壳聚糖均匀的混合。为解决壳聚糖与纤维素复合问题,有学者将纤维素氧化从而增大其在水中的溶解度。但是纤维素的氧化改性难度很大。有学者先分别溶解纤维素和壳聚糖制备出溶液,再向纤维素溶液中滴加壳聚糖溶液从而得到二者混合液。但是该过程十分缓慢并且混合的效果并不理想,若壳聚糖比例大,虽抗菌效果好,但静置一段时间或离心混合液就会分层,制备出的薄膜透明度、强度都不理想。有学者先将纤维素溶解于离子液体中在水中再生成膜,再将其浸入壳聚糖溶液中制备出复合膜。该方法制备出的复合膜力学性能和光学性能十分优异,但抗菌性能较差。以上方法制得的纤维素壳聚糖复合膜都有一定的缺陷,
发明内容
本发明的目的是以微晶纤维素(MCC,Microcrystalline cellulose)和壳聚糖(CS,Chitosan)为主要膜成分,采用银纳米线为抗菌材料,丙烯酸改性碳纳米管(MWCNTS/PAA,Multi-walled nanotubes/Polyacrylic acid)和丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管(MWCNTS/PAM,Multi-walled nanotubes/Polyacrylamide)为力学增强材料,提供一种抗菌性能、力学性能、阻隔性能、光学性能优异的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、银纳米线的制备,制备的银纳米线直径为50~80nm,长度为10~30μm;
步骤2、碳纳米管的改性,包括丙烯酸改性碳纳米管或丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管;
步骤3、再生纤维素湿膜的制备:将一定质量的微晶纤维素加热搅拌的条件下溶于离子液体,完全溶解后恒温静置0.5~1小时后,将纤维素离子液体均匀涂布在玻璃板,涂膜厚度500~1000μm,将涂膜后的玻璃板置于去离子水中浸泡3次,每次5~15min,浸泡后得到再生纤维素湿膜;
步骤4、再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合湿膜的制备:按照重量份数称取一定质量的壳聚糖、山梨醇、乙酸、水、步骤1制得的银纳米线,首先在加热搅拌的条件下将壳聚糖、山梨醇完全溶于乙酸水溶液中,之后在超声条件下加入银纳米线,超声时间20~60min,得到均匀分散的壳聚糖/银纳米线混合液;将步骤3制得的再生纤维素湿膜浸泡于涂有壳聚糖/银纳米线混合液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间20~60min后取出,制得纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合湿膜,自然晾干15~30min,得到纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合半干膜;
步骤5、再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线/碳纳米管多层自组装复合膜的制备:取一定质量的步骤2制得的丙烯酸改性碳纳米管、丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管分别溶于去离子水,将步骤4制得的纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合半干膜浸泡于涂有丙烯酸改性碳纳米管水溶液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间20~60min后取出薄膜,自然晾干15~30min后浸泡于涂有丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管水溶液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间20~60min后取出薄膜,自然晾干15~30min后得到的薄膜重复步骤5中浸泡、晾干操作过程1~5次后,得到的薄膜进行自然晾干,得到再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线/碳纳米管多层自组装复合膜。
本发明所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤1中银纳米线的制备包括如下步骤:
a、称取0.68g硝酸银,溶解于60ml乙二醇中,待用;
b、称取聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1.766g和4.6mg氯化钠于120℃磁力搅拌600r/min的条件下溶解于40ml乙二醇中,待用;
c、将步骤b的混合溶液在剧烈搅拌下缓慢滴入步骤a溶解的硝酸银乙二醇溶液中,搅拌5min,然后转移到125ml高压反应釜中,在160℃高温条件下反应7h,取出用甲醇洗涤三次,用丙酮在高速离心机上沉淀离心,得到银纳米线。
本发明所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤2中改性碳纳米管包括如下步骤:
A、称取一定质量的多壁碳纳米管,放置于530℃的空气环境中氧化30min;
B、将氧化后的碳纳米管置于2.6mol/l的硝酸中,在100℃下提纯2h,然后用离心机分离,将沉淀物用去离子水漂洗三次,最后在真空环境下干燥,得到提纯的碳纳米管;
C、称量100mg步骤B提纯的碳纳米管、10g丙烯酸或5g丙烯酰胺、40ml去离子水,将称量好的物质倒入四颈烧瓶中,机械搅拌30min;
D、称量100mg过硫酸铵溶80ml去离子水,利用滴液漏斗将制备的过硫酸铵水溶液滴入所述的四颈烧瓶中,得到混合物待用;
E、将步骤D所述的混合物在氮气保护下,60℃下油浴加热并不断搅拌,反应48h后,将混合物冷却至室温,并用200ml去离子水稀释,超声处理1h后用离心机分离得到碳纳米管;
F、将步骤E得到的碳纳米管用50ml去离子水清洗三次,在真空下干燥,即得到丙烯酸改性碳纳米管或丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管。
本发明所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤3中微晶纤维素与离子液体的质量比为1~10:100。
本发明所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤3中微晶纤维素的粒径为20~100μm。
本发明所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤3中利用油浴加热,加热温度为60~120℃,加热时间3~5h。
本发明所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤4中壳聚糖的重量份数为1~3份,山梨醇的重量份数为2~10份、乙酸的重量份数为1份、水的重量份数为99份、步骤1制得的银纳米线的重量份数为1~3份。
本发明所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤4中利用油浴加热,加热温度为60~120℃,加热时间20~60min。
本发明所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤5中丙烯酸改性碳纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1~5:1000。
本发明所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤5中丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1~5:1000。
本发明步骤3制备的再生纤维素湿膜,将再生纤维素湿膜连同玻璃板放于60℃恒温干燥箱中烘干24h,最终得到无色透明的再生纤维素膜。
本发明步骤4制备的再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合湿膜,将其铺于干净的聚四氟乙烯板上,待复合膜半干状态下四周用胶带粘贴固定以防干燥时四周翘曲,自然条件下晾干,制得纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜。
本发明利用纤维素溶解再生、壳聚糖包覆、银纳米线共混、碳纳米管改性及层层自组装方法,制备出抗菌性能、力学性能、阻隔性能、光学性能优异的可降解包装用材料,即再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜。本发明再生纤维素基膜,初始热解温度在250℃以上,拉伸强度高达94.5MPa,透光率高达91.1%,氧气透过率为1.057×10-11cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa);纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜,初始热解温度120℃,拉伸强度高达119.117MPa,透光率高达89.82%,氧气透过率为1.4×10-12cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa);纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线/碳纳米管层层自组装复合膜,初始热解温度235℃,拉伸强度高达160.944MPa,透光率高达85.82%,氧气透过率为4.36×10-14cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa)。
附图说明
附图1为具体实施方式一制备的改性碳纳米管、纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜、再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的红外光谱对比图谱;
附图2具体实施方式一制备的丙烯酸改性碳纳米管50000倍的SEM照片;
附图3具体实施方式一制备的丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管50000倍的SEM照片;
附图4为具体实施方式一制备的银纳米线的10000倍的SEM照片;
附图5为具体实施方式一制备的改性碳纳米管、纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜、再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的XRD对比图谱;
附图6为具体实施方式一制备的3000倍下纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜断面SEM照片;
附图7为具体实施方式一制备的10000倍下再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜断面SEM照片;
附图8为具体实施方式一制备的2000倍下纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜SEM照片;
附图9为具体实施方式一制备的2000倍下再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜SEM照片;
附图10具体实施方式一制备的为20000倍下再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜SEM照片;
附图11为具体实施方式一制备的再生纤维素膜(a),纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜(b),再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜(c)的抑菌实验培养对比照片。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一:
一种再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、银纳米线的制备,制备的银纳米线直径为70nm,长度为10~30μm;
步骤2、碳纳米管的改性,包括丙烯酸改性碳纳米管或丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管;
步骤3、再生纤维素湿膜的制备:将一定质量的微晶纤维素加热搅拌的条件下溶于离子液体,完全溶解后恒温静置1小时后,将纤维素离子液体均匀涂布在玻璃板,涂膜厚度700μm,将涂膜后的玻璃板置于去离子水中浸泡3次,每次10min,浸泡后得到再生纤维素湿膜;
步骤4、再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合湿膜的制备:按照重量份数称取一定质量的壳聚糖、山梨醇、乙酸、水、步骤1制得的银纳米线,首先在加热搅拌的条件下将壳聚糖、山梨醇完全溶于乙酸水溶液中,之后在超声条件下加入银纳米线,超声时间30min,得到均匀分散的壳聚糖/银纳米线混合液;将步骤3制得的再生纤维素湿膜浸泡于涂有壳聚糖/银纳米线混合液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间30min后取出,制得纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合湿膜,自然晾干30min,得到纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合半干膜;
步骤5、再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线/碳纳米管多层自组装复合膜的制备:取一定质量的步骤2制得的丙烯酸改性碳纳米管、丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管分别溶于去离子水,将步骤4制得的纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合半干膜浸泡于涂有丙烯酸改性碳纳米管水溶液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间60min后取出薄膜,自然晾干30min后浸泡于涂有丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管水溶液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间60min后取出薄膜,自然晾干30min后得到的薄膜重复步骤5中浸泡、晾干操作过程3次后,得到的薄膜进行自然晾干,得到再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线/碳纳米管多层自组装复合膜。
本实施方式所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤1中银纳米线的制备包括如下步骤:
a、称取0.68g硝酸银,溶解于60ml乙二醇中,待用;
b、称取聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1.766g和4.6mg氯化钠于120℃磁力搅拌600r/min的条件下溶解于40ml乙二醇中,待用;
c、将步骤b的混合溶液在剧烈搅拌下缓慢滴入步骤a溶解的硝酸银乙二醇溶液中,搅拌5min,然后转移到125ml高压反应釜中,在160℃高温条件下反应7h,取出用甲醇洗涤三次,用丙酮在高速离心机上沉淀离心,得到银纳米线。
本实施方式所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤2中改性碳纳米管包括如下步骤:
A、称取一定质量的多壁碳纳米管,放置于530℃的空气环境中氧化30min;
B、将氧化后的碳纳米管置于2.6mol/l的硝酸中,在100℃下提纯2h,然后用离心机分离,将沉淀物用去离子水漂洗三次,最后在真空环境下干燥,得到提纯的碳纳米管;
C、称量100mg步骤B提纯的碳纳米管、10g丙烯酸或5g丙烯酰胺、40ml去离子水,将称量好的物质倒入四颈烧瓶中,机械搅拌30min;
D、称量100mg过硫酸铵溶80ml去离子水,利用滴液漏斗将制备的过硫酸铵水溶液滴入所述的四颈烧瓶中,得到混合物待用;
E、将步骤D所述的混合物在氮气保护下,60℃下油浴加热并不断搅拌,反应48h后,将混合物冷却至室温,并用200ml去离子水稀释,超声处理1h后用离心机分离得到碳纳米管;
F、将步骤E得到的碳纳米管用50ml去离子水清洗三次,在真空下干燥,即得到丙烯酸改性碳纳米管或丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管。
本实施方式所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤3中微晶纤维素与离子液体的质量比为4:100。
本实施方式所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤3中微晶纤维素的粒径为20~100μm。
本实施方式所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤3中利用油浴加热,加热温度为100℃,加热时间3h。
本实施方式所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤4中壳聚糖的重量份数为1份,山梨醇的重量份数为2份、乙酸的重量份数为1份、水的重量份数为99份、步骤1制得的银纳米线的重量份数为1份。
本实施方式所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤4中利用油浴加热,加热温度为60℃,加热时间20~60min。
本实施方式所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤5中丙烯酸改性碳纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1:1000。
本实施方式所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,步骤5中丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1:100。
本实施方式步骤步骤3制备的再生纤维素湿膜,将再生纤维素湿膜连同玻璃板放于60℃恒温干燥箱中烘干24h,能够得到再生纤维素膜。
本实施方式步骤4制备的再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合湿膜,将其铺于干净的聚四氟乙烯板上,待复合膜半干状态下四周用胶带粘贴固定以防干燥时四周翘曲,自然条件下晾干,能够得到纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜。
将本实施方式制备的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜(MCC/CS/Ag/MWCNTS)与再生纤维素膜(MCC)、纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜(MCC/CS/Ag)进行一系列的性能对比,对比情况如下所述:
附图1为具体实施方式一制备的改性碳纳米管、纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜、再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的红外光谱对比图谱,从附图1中能够看出谱线MCC/CS/Ag/MWCNTs中,可以明显发现O-H特征伸缩振动峰(3425cm-1)、C-H特征伸缩振动峰(2900cm-1),C-O吸收震动和O-H的弯曲振动峰(1120cm-1)。同时也可以找到壳聚糖酰胺Ⅰ基和酰胺Ⅱ基的特征吸收峰(1665cm-1和1593cm-1)。说明在层层自组装过程中,纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜作为基膜材料,结构与成分均未受到破坏。谱线MCC/CS/Ag/MWCNTs中也可以明显发现C=O震动伸缩峰(1720cm-1)、不对称C-H震动伸缩峰(2925cm-1)、N-H引起的震动伸缩峰(3450cm-1和3240cm-1),说明基膜上成功自组装上了由丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺接枝的碳纳米管。
本实施方式制备的碳纳米管为丙烯酸改性碳纳米管或丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管,本实施方式制备的丙烯酸改性碳纳米管50000倍的SEM照片如附图2所示,本实施方式制备的丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管50000倍的SEM照片如附图3所示,从附图2和附图3中能够看出改性的碳纳米管呈杂乱、卷曲,像棉纤维一样的纤丝结构,并且表面非常的粗糙。这是由于表面接枝了丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺长分子链后整体结构变长,至于其粗糙的表面是由于化学加工产生的。这样的结构更有助于与纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线薄膜的复合。由图中可知,改性碳纳米管直径约为30nm,长约为1-3μm。
本实施方式制备的银纳米线的10000倍的SEM照片如附图4所示,10000倍下银纳米线为均匀的银纳米线结构,直径约为75nm,长度为10-30μm,产物中线的含量非常高,几乎无银纳米颗粒。
附图5为本实施方式制备的改性碳纳米管、纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜、再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的XRD对比图谱,纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜的晶体结构在21°处出现一个较宽的壳聚糖和纤维素共同作用的衍射峰以及38°处银纳米线的衍射峰。再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的晶体结构与纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜相比基本相似,但是在22°、26°和43.5°处出现了碳纳米管的衍射峰,说明改性后的碳纳米管成功自组装于纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合基膜上。
附图6为本实施方式3000倍下纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜断面SEM照片,附图7为本实施方式10000倍下再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜断面SEM照片,附图6中能够看出纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜中壳聚糖与纤维素之间没有空隙,其膜厚约为2.875μm,因为壳聚糖与纤维素的基本骨架均为脱水葡萄糖,结构相似,并且二者之间发生氢键作用,因此具有很好的相容性。附图7中再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜包覆层与基膜之间均紧密结合没有空隙,且自组装复合膜的包覆层厚度为1.603μm,比纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜的包覆层厚度低,可能是因为薄膜浸入改性碳纳米管溶液自组装时,壳聚糖-银纳米线包覆层发生部分脱落。
附图8为本实施方式2000倍下纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜SEM照片,附图9为本实施方式2000倍下再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜SEM照片,附图10为20000倍下再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜SEM照片,从附图10中能够看出直径约30nm,长约1~3μm的线棒状结构和不规则突起结构,线棒状结构为改性碳纳米管,不规则突起应为壳聚糖。
从附图8和附图9对比得出,附图8中直径约70nm,长约10~30μm的长线结构为银纳米线。从表面电镜图可以明显发现,附图9中再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的表面更光滑致密。
本实施方式制备的再生纤维素膜,纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜,再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的薄膜透光率及雾度测试如表1所示:从表1能够看出碳纳米管的加入,使得薄膜的透光率相比于再生纤维素膜略微降低,雾度相比于再生纤维素膜略微降低,雾度相比于纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜有较大提高。
表1透光率及雾度
本实施方式制备的再生纤维素膜,纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜,再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的氧气透过率测试如表2所示:选用模糊模式进行测试,当压差大于400MPa时结束测试,测得平均氧气透过率,虽然纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜的氧气透过率较再生纤维素膜降低了10倍,但是其氧气阻隔性随仍达不到包装材料对氧气透过率的要求,再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的阻隔性显著提高与高密度聚乙烯薄膜的阻隔性能相近,其阻隔性能已能满足包装需求。
表2氧气透过率
本实施方式制备的再生纤维素膜,纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜,再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的力学性能测试如表3所示:以纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜为基膜,自组装碳纳米管后,薄膜的力学性能显著提高,拉伸强度高达160.944MPa,提高了35.11%,断裂伸长率高达9.05%,提高了16.99%,弹性模量高达17.784GPa,提高了14.32%。说明碳纳米管的加入,显著提高了复合膜的力学性能。
表3力学性能比较
附图11为本实施方式制备的再生纤维素膜(a),纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜(b),再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜(c)的抑菌实验培养对比照片,从附图11中能够看出由培养结果可以看出再生纤维素膜不具有抑菌性,没有产生抑菌圈;纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜具有优异的抑菌效果,其抑菌圈直径高达14mm;再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜也具有优异的抑菌性,抑菌圈直径仅次于纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合膜,为13mm。其原因可能因为在自组装过程中,由于要将基膜浸泡于碳纳米管水溶液中,部分壳聚糖和银纳米线扩散至溶液中,导致抑菌效果略有降低。
具体实施方式二:
本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:步骤3中微晶纤维素与离子液体的质量比为1:100。其它与具体实施方式一相同。本实施方式制备的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的拉伸强度为127.405MPa,透光率83.11%,雾度11.54%,氧气透过率6.52×10-14。
具体实施方式三:
本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是:步骤4中壳聚糖的重量份数为3份,山梨醇的重量份数为10份、乙酸的重量份数为1份、水的重量份数为99份、步骤1制得的银纳米线的重量份数为3份。其它与具体实施方式一或二相同。本实施方式制备的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的拉伸强度为136.424MPa,透光率82.54%,雾度11.54%,氧气透过率7.33×10-14。
具体实施方式四:
本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是:步骤5中丙烯酸改性碳纳米管与去离子水的质量比为5:1000。其它与具体实施方式一至三之一相同。本实施方式制备的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的拉伸强度为122.913MPa,透光率81.54%,雾度13.66%,氧气透过率5.29×10-14。
具体实施方式五:
本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是:步骤5中丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管与去离子水的质量比为5:1000。其它与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。本实施方式制备的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的拉伸强度为118.328MPa,透光率82.54%,雾度11.54%,氧气透过率7.33×10-14。
具体实施方式六:
本实施方式与具体实施方式一至五之一不同的是:步骤3中完全溶解后恒温静置0.5小时后,将纤维素离子液体均匀涂布在玻璃板,涂膜厚度500μm,将涂膜后的玻璃板置于去离子水中浸泡3次,每次5min。其它与具体实施方式一至五之一相同。本实施方式制备的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的拉伸强度为115.938MPa,透光率86.77%,雾度13.88%,氧气透过率8.37×10-14。
具体实施方式七:
本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同的是:将步骤4制得的纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合半干膜浸泡于涂有丙烯酸改性碳纳米管水溶液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间60min后取出薄膜,自然晾干30min后浸泡于涂有丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管水溶液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间60min后取出薄膜,自然晾干30min后得到的薄膜重复步骤5中浸泡、晾干操作过程5次后,得到的薄膜进行自然晾干。其它与具体实施方式一至六之一相同。本实施方式制备的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的拉伸强度为195.0707MPa,透光率84.54%,雾度10.66%,氧气透过率5.49×10-14。
Claims (10)
1.一种再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤1、银纳米线的制备,制备的银纳米线直径为50~80nm,长度为10~30μm;
步骤2、碳纳米管的改性,包括丙烯酸改性碳纳米管或丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管;
步骤3、再生纤维素湿膜的制备:将一定质量的微晶纤维素加热搅拌的条件下溶于离子液体,完全溶解后恒温静置0.5~1小时后,将纤维素离子液体均匀涂布在玻璃板,涂膜厚度500~1000μm,将涂膜后的玻璃板置于去离子水中浸泡3次,每次5~15min,浸泡后得到再生纤维素湿膜;
步骤4、再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合半干膜的制备:按照重量份数称取一定质量的壳聚糖、山梨醇、乙酸、水、步骤1制得的银纳米线,首先在加热搅拌的条件下将壳聚糖、山梨醇完全溶于乙酸水溶液中,之后在超声条件下加入银纳米线,超声时间20~60min,得到均匀分散的壳聚糖/银纳米线混合液;将步骤3制得的再生纤维素湿膜浸泡于涂有壳聚糖/银纳米线混合液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间20~60min后取出,制得再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合湿膜,将制得的再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合湿膜自然晾干15~30min,得到再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合半干膜;
步骤5、再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线/碳纳米管多层自组装复合膜的制备:取一定质量的步骤2制得的丙烯酸改性碳纳米管、丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管分别溶于去离子水,将步骤4制得的再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线复合半干膜浸泡于涂有丙烯酸改性碳纳米管水溶液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间20~60min后取出薄膜,自然晾干15~30min后浸泡于涂有丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管水溶液的两玻璃板之间,浸泡时间20~60min后取出薄膜,自然晾干15~30min后得到的薄膜重复步骤5中浸泡、晾干操作过程1~5次后,得到的薄膜进行自然晾干,得到再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线/碳纳米管多层自组装复合膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1中银纳米线的制备包括如下步骤:
a、称取0.68g硝酸银,溶解于60mL乙二醇中,待用;
b、称取聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1.766g和4.6mg氯化钠于120℃磁力搅拌600r/min的条件下溶解于40mL乙二醇中,待用;
c、将步骤b的混合溶液在剧烈搅拌下缓慢滴入步骤a溶解的硝酸银乙二醇溶液中,搅拌5min,然后转移到125mL高压反应釜中,在160℃高温条件下反应7h,取出用甲醇洗涤三次,用丙酮在高速离心机上沉淀离心,得到银纳米线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2中改性碳纳米管包括如下步骤:
A、称取一定质量的多壁碳纳米管,放置于530℃的空气环境中氧化30min;
B、将氧化后的碳纳米管置于2.6mol/L的硝酸中,在100℃下提纯2h,然后用离心机分离,将沉淀物用去离子水漂洗三次,最后在真空环境下干燥,得到提纯的碳纳米管;
C、称量100mg步骤B提纯的碳纳米管、10g丙烯酸或5g丙烯酰胺、40mL去离子水,将称量好的物质倒入四颈烧瓶中,机械搅拌30min;
D、称量100mg过硫酸铵溶80mL去离子水,利用滴液漏斗将制备的过硫酸铵水溶液滴入所述的四颈烧瓶中,得到混合物待用;
E、将步骤D所述的混合物在氮气保护下,60℃下油浴加热并不断搅拌,反应48h后,将混合物冷却至室温,并用200mL去离子水稀释,超声处理1h后用离心机分离得到碳纳米管;
F、将步骤E得到的碳纳米管用50mL去离子水清洗三次,在真空下干燥,即得到丙烯酸改性碳纳米管或丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管。
4.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3中微晶纤维素与离子液体的质量比为1~10:100。
5.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3中微晶纤维素的粒径为20~100μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3中利用油浴加热,加热温度为60~120℃,加热时间3~5h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4中壳聚糖的重量份数为1~3份,山梨醇的重量份数为2~10份、乙酸的重量份数为1份、水的重量份数为99份、步骤1制得的银纳米线的重量份数为1~3份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4中利用油浴加热,加热温度为60~120℃,加热时间20~60min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5中丙烯酸改性碳纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1~5:1000。
10.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素基纳米多层自组装复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5中丙烯酰胺改性碳纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1~5:1000。
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CN105056284A (zh) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖/氧化再生纤维素复合止血材料的制备方法 |
CN105461953A (zh) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-04-06 | 东北林业大学 | 基于自组装技术的纳米抗菌复合膜的制备方法 |
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CN105056284A (zh) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖/氧化再生纤维素复合止血材料的制备方法 |
CN105461953A (zh) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-04-06 | 东北林业大学 | 基于自组装技术的纳米抗菌复合膜的制备方法 |
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