CN1121906A - 通过热挤压制造荧光陶瓷的方法 - Google Patents

通过热挤压制造荧光陶瓷的方法 Download PDF

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CN1121906A
CN1121906A CN95108931A CN95108931A CN1121906A CN 1121906 A CN1121906 A CN 1121906A CN 95108931 A CN95108931 A CN 95108931A CN 95108931 A CN95108931 A CN 95108931A CN 1121906 A CN1121906 A CN 1121906A
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H·伯丁格
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    • C09K11/77Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
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Abstract

本发明提出用陶瓷的挤压模来制造高密度的透明的荧光陶瓷。模具上涂有MoS2隔层,并将荧光原材料在高温下单轴挤压成荧光陶瓷。

Description

通过热挤压制造荧光陶瓷的方法
陶瓷的荧光物质可用来探测高能辐射,例如可用它把X射线转变成可见光线,并用通常的方法对其进行检测和分析。
用稀土氧硫化物之类的化合物制备的荧光材料可用于高灵敏度的射线探测仪,例如用于层析X射线计算机摄影仪。用这类化合物适当制备的荧光粉可通过单轴热挤压加工成高密度的荧光陶瓷,这种陶瓷在光学上为半透明体到透明体。这种方法例如在德国专利DE-A 42 24 931中提出。通过适当的添加荧光陶瓷可达到高的光输出而余辉则足够的小。
热挤压过程采用可由氧化铝、石墨或碳化硅组成的陶瓷挤压模。但在要求的1100~1500℃高挤压温度的情况下,在待挤压的荧光粉和模具材料之间发生不希望出现的反应。由于形成的化学键合在荧光陶瓷和模具之间产生高的粘合,这样,在冷却时,由于荧光陶瓷和模具材料的不同膨胀系数而引起荧光陶瓷裂纹。此外,荧光陶瓷不可能脱模。
为了避免这些缺点,可在模具材料和待挤压的荧光粉之间放钼薄膜或钨薄膜作为隔层。在上述高温下,稀土氧硫化物不与钼或钨化合,并只在表面产生反应。这样,烧结的稀土氧硫化物陶瓷易于脱模,所以陶瓷保持完好无损。
但是用这种金属薄膜作为隔层仍有一些附带的缺点:金属薄膜不易加工,所以不能精确的按挤压模下料。此外,金属薄膜只能用一次,所以,这种加工方法由于金属薄膜的价格高而对成本不利。其次,在热挤压时,金属薄膜产生折叠而可导致荧光陶瓷和模具材料的损坏。在金属薄膜的边上搭接区可能使荧光陶瓷产生裂纹。通过使用较厚和较精确下料的厚约0.2~0.3mm的金属薄膜虽然可以减少折叠和荧光陶瓷损坏的危险,但却增加了金属薄膜装入挤压模的困难和这种昂贵金属的用量。
本发明的任务是提出一种改进的热挤压方法来生产光学纯的荧光陶瓷,这种方法简单、成本低并可减少荧光陶瓷在热挤压过程中和脱摸过程中损坏的危险。
上述任务的技术解决方案在于,首先在陶瓷挤压模中形成含MoS2的隔层,然后将荧光原材料装入挤压模中,最后将荧光原材料在超过其烧结温度时单轴挤压成高密度的透明荧光陶瓷。
本发明的其他实施形式体现在从属权利要求中。
通过在陶瓷挤压模中生成含硫钼化物的隔层简单地解决了脱模的工艺问题。因而在冷却和脱模时毫不损坏陶瓷。
但令人意外惊奇的是,用本发明方法可获得光学纯的陶瓷,这种陶瓷与按迄今为至的方法制造的荧光陶瓷比较,并没有减少荧光强度,也没有增加余辉。这说明用这种方法没有把任何杂质带入荧光陶瓷中,尽管这种陶瓷具有极高的烧结活化性和高反应性。尤其令人惊奇的成就是,硫钼化物是一种黑色的粉末,但它却没有象预料的那样,把不希望的夹杂物带入荧光陶瓷中而使通常为透明的陶瓷体变暗。不然,热必使荧光陶瓷的光学性质变坏并难于把它用在高分辨率的射线探测仪。
此外,热挤压过程一般在硫钼化物的分解温度大约1200~1300℃进行。同样,本来担心这种情况也会造成硫钼化物渗入和夹杂在荧光陶瓷中,但用本发明的方法却没有这种令人担心的缺点。只在荧光陶瓷的表面观察到了粘附有易于清除的隔层残余物,而在体积内即在荧光陶瓷的内部则根本没有观察到或检验出杂质。
可用简便的方式将硫钼化物粉涂抹在挤压模上形成隔层。
另一种可能性,则是把含粉状硫钼化物的喷射液喷射到挤压模而形成隔层。但这种喷射液含有有机成分,需要将喷射后的挤压模进行加热,以便除掉喷射液的有机成分。用这种方式也可形成牢固附着的和足够厚的隔层。
本发明的另一实施形式是对制造荧光陶瓷用的荧光粉进行预压。预压可在形成隔层之间或在另一个没有涂含硫钼化物隔层的压制模具中进行。通过预压成型的荧光陶瓷毛坯已被压实到这样的程度,即在荧光陶瓷表面上粘附的隔层残余物尚待进一步减少。
本发明方法特别适用于制造由稀土氧硫化物物系构成的荧光陶瓷。这种荧光物质具有的一般成分为(M1-xLnx)2O2S。其中:M代表周期表中γ、La和Gd族的至少一种元素;Ln代表Eu、Pr、Tb、Yb、Dy、Sm、和Ho族的至少一种元素;(2×10-1)≥x≥(1×10-6)。如用上述DE-A 42 24 931公开的方法制造这种荧光粉,则它具有足够的烧结活性并可挤压成高密度的荧光陶瓷。这种粉具有很高的至少为10m2/g的表面积(用布鲁瑙厄-埃梅特-泰勒吸气法测定)。热挤压过程本身在真空中或在惰性至还原气氛中进行。挤压力为0.1~10kN/cm2(1~100MPa),温度调节在1100~1300℃。
下面结合实施例和附图来详细说明本发明。
附图表示实施本发明方法适用装置的横断面示意图。
陶瓷模具例如用Al2O3制作并由例如空心圆柱体结构的模具1、第一隔板2和第二隔板4组成。
至少隔板2和隔板4面向待挤压件3的表面和空心圆柱体1的内壁用市售的MoS2喷射液喷涂。然后溶剂蒸发并在进入空气的情况下,在大约500℃烧去喷射液的有机粘结剂,于是形成隔层6。
然后在空心圆柱体1中装入第一块隔板2,在其上装入待挤压的原材料(荧光原材料),例如由作为荧光材料添加的一种Ga2OS2构成的预压制毛坯3,再在其上面加第二隔板4,最后放适当横截面的冲头5。
这时模具完全作好热挤压的装配,并在真空下大约在最大挤压力50MPa和最高温度1250℃下挤压12小时左右,然后挤压件在不受损伤的情况下不成问题地得以脱模。
但本发明的方法不限于用于稀土氧硫化物物系,而是适用于通过热挤压过程制成高纯度陶瓷的所有陶瓷热挤压法,例如荧光陶瓷,其中,极小的杂质就可导致荧光性能恶化。只要待挤压的陶瓷粉或别的原材料与硫钼化物不产生化学反应,则可用本发明的方法。本发明方法不适用于必须在高于1300℃和/或在含氧气氛中进行的热挤压过程,因为MoS2在氧气下在600~800℃就分解,并可随后产生SO2

Claims (6)

1.通过单轴热挤压制造荧光陶瓷的方法,其中,首先在陶瓷挤压模中形成含MoS2的隔层,然后将荧光原材料装入挤压模中,最后将荧光原材料在超过其烧结温度时单轴挤压成高密度的透明荧光陶瓷。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过把MoS2粉涂抹在挤压模上形成隔层。
3.按权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过把含有MoS2粉和有机成分的喷射液喷射到挤压模上形成隔层,然后通过加热除去喷射液的有机成分。
4.按权利要求1~3任一项所述的方法,其中,将含有要求成分的荧光粉首先在没有隔层的挤压模中预挤压成毛坯,然后,这种预挤压的毛坯作为荧光原材料使用。
5.按权利要求1~4任一项所述的方法,其中,荧光陶瓷用稀土氧硫化物物系制成。
6.按权利要求5所述的方法,其中,用一般成分为(M1-xLnx)2O2S的荧光粉,式中:M代表周期表中Y、La和Gd族的至少一种元素,Ln代表Eu、Pr、Tb、Yb、Dy、Sm和Ho族的至少一种元素,(2×10-1)≥x≥(1×10-6),并且荧光粉的比表面积(用布鲁瑙厄-埃梅特-泰勒吸气法测定)至少为10m2/g,并且热挤压在真空中或在隋性至还原气氛中在挤压力为0.1~10kN/cm2(1~100Mpa)和温度为1100~1300℃的情况下进行。
CN95108931A 1994-07-21 1995-07-21 通过热挤压制造荧光陶瓷的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1065220C (zh)

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CN1065220C (zh) 2001-05-02
US5676891A (en) 1997-10-14
DE4425922A1 (de) 1996-01-25

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