CN112187972B - 电子模块及其制造方法,以及电子设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本公开涉及从电子模块有效地排热。本发明公开了一种电子模块,该电子模块包括操作子单元,该操作子单元具有上表面、下表面和侧表面,并且包括一个或多个电子部件,该一个或多个电子部件与操作子单元的下表面相邻并且在该模块工作时产生热量。散热器设置在操作子单元的下表面附近。包括连续的导热材料的片材的散热片被折叠以缠绕在操作子单元周围,使得该片材的下侧插置在操作子单元的下表面和散热器之间,并且该片材的侧面围绕操作子单元的侧表面中的至少一个侧表面延伸。
Description
技术领域
本发明整体涉及电子模块的设计和制造,并且具体地涉及用于增强从此类模块的热耗散的方法和部件。
背景技术
移动电子设备诸如智能电话密集地封装有电子模块。所有这些模块均产生热量,并且一些模块(诸如带有集成照明源的相机模块)可在小体积中产生大量热量。需要仔细的热设计以便确保设备内的温度不超过设计的操作极限。
为此,通常将高功率电子模块安装在散热器上,该散热器包括具有高热导率和高热质量的材料,其从模块的部件中吸收热量并将热量有效地传递到流体介质(诸如空气)。当电子模块内的热源较小并且具有高热通量密度时,可使用散热片来增加热源和散热器之间的热传递速率。散热片包括具有高热导率的材料片或材料块,其吸收来自热源的小区域中的热量并将热量散布在较大区域上,该较大区域的至少一部分与散热器接触。
发明内容
下文所述的本发明的实施方案提供了具有改进的热耗散的电子模块,以及用于制造此类模块的设备和方法。
因此,根据本发明的一个实施方案,提供了一种电子模块,该电子模块包括操作子单元,该操作子单元具有上表面、下表面和侧表面,并且包括一个或多个电子部件,该一个或多个电子部件与操作子单元的下表面相邻并且在该模块工作时产生热量。散热器设置在操作子单元的下表面附近。包括连续的导热材料的片材的散热片被折叠以缠绕在操作子单元周围,使得该片材的下侧插置在操作子单元的下表面和散热器之间,并且该片材的侧面围绕操作子单元的侧表面中的至少一个侧表面延伸。
在公开的实施方案中,导热材料包括石墨。附加地或另选地,导热材料包括柔性箔。
在一个实施方案中,该一个或多个电子部件包括光源。
在一些实施方案中,导热材料的片材被折叠,使得该片材的上侧覆盖操作子单元的上表面。在公开的实施方案中,导热材料的片材被折叠成缠绕在操作子单元周围的U形。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,还提供了一种电子设备,该电子设备包括背板和如上所述的模块,该模块安装在设备中,其中散热器与背板热接触,使得在操作子单元中产生的热量的第一部分通过散热片和散热器传导到背板。覆盖件装配在背板上方并且包含该模块,使得在操作子单元中产生的热量的第二部分通过该覆盖件从散热片的上侧耗散。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,还提供了一种用于制造电子模块的方法。该方法包括提供操作子单元,该操作子单元具有上表面和下表面,并且包括一个或多个电子部件,该一个或多个电子部件与该操作子单元的下表面相邻并且在模块工作时产生热量。将包括连续的导热材料的片材的散热片缠绕在操作子单元周围,使得该片材的下侧覆盖操作子单元的下表面,并且该片材的上侧覆盖操作子单元的上表面。将该片材的下侧固定到散热器。
在一些实施方案中,缠绕散热片包括折叠导热材料的片材,使得该片材的上侧覆盖操作子单元的上表面。在一个实施方案中,导热材料的片材被折叠成缠绕在操作子单元周围的U形。
结合附图,从下文中对本发明的实施方案的详细描述将更全面地理解本发明,在附图中:
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方案的移动电子设备的示意性绘画视图;
图2A和图2B分别是根据本发明的一个实施方案的结合到图1的设备中的电子模块的上部和下部示意性绘画视图;
图3是沿图1中标记有III-III的线截取的图2A/B的电子模块的示意性剖面图;
图4是根据本发明的一个实施方案的散热片的示意性绘画视图;
图5A是沿图1中标记有V-V的线截取的图2A/B的电子模块的示意性剖面图;并且
图5B示意性地示出了图5A的剖视图中的热通路。
具体实施方式
移动设备诸如智能电话包含相对于其小体积产生大量热的电子部件。作为此类部件的示例,设备中的相机模块可包括高功率光源,诸如发光二极管(LED)或激光二极管。必须有效地耗散该热量以确保正确的设备操作,并且避免由于过热而可能发生的设备寿命缩短。当热量通过其从发热模块耗散的热通路被中断时,例如由于机械故障,严重的过热可能非常突然地发生。
本文所述的本发明的实施方案通过提供支持冗余热通路的模块设计来解决这些问题。具体地,在所公开的实施方案中,将一种新型散热片缠绕在电子模块周围,以便从模块的多个不同表面排出热量。因此,散热片形成多条热通路,例如,其中一条热通路可通过将热量传导至散热器来操作,而另一条通路通过对流和/或传导穿过其中安装有模块的电子设备的另一部分来操作。以这种方式形成多条热通路提供更有效的热耗散,使得模块的正常工作温度可降低,并且还在其中一条热通路损坏的情况下提供针对快速过热的故障保护。
在所公开的实施方案中,电子模块包括操作子单元,该操作子单元包括在模块工作时产生热量的一个或多个电子部件。假设这些部件与操作子单元的下表面相邻,该操作子单元的下表面定位在散热器附近。包括连续的导热材料的片材的散热片缠绕在操作子单元周围,使得该片材的下侧插置在操作子单元的下表面和散热器之间,同时该片材的侧面围绕操作子单元的侧表面中的至少一个侧表面延伸。在一些实施方案中,散热片片材可能被折叠成U形,使得该片材的上侧覆盖操作子单元的上表面。
为了方便起见,在本说明书和权利要求书中随意使用术语“上部”和“下部”来标识要从其移除热量的电子模块的相对侧。通常,此类模块将以任何取向操作,这意味着在使用中,“下”侧可面朝上或侧面。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,散热片包括石墨片材,该石墨片材为良好的导热体并且具有通过片材中的折叠部很好地传导热量的附加优点。附加地或另选地,散热片还可包括柔性箔。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方案的移动电子设备20的示意性绘画视图。设备20包括壳体22,该壳体22包含诸如通信电路、显示器和电池 (附图中未示出)等部件,这些部件由背板(在图3和图5中示出)覆盖。电子模块26安装在设备20中,并且在图示的示例中连接到辅助电路板28。覆盖件24装配在壳体22的背板上方并且包含模块26。
图2A和图2B分别是根据本发明的一个实施方案的电子模块26的上部和下部示意性绘画视图。(同样,为便于描述,术语“上部”和“下部”是随意使用的。)在该示例中,模块26是光电模块,诸如具有内置照明源的相机。为此,窗口30穿过模块26的上表面打开。该窗口被散热片 32的上侧围绕,这将在下文中更详细地描述。散热片的下侧由散热器34覆盖,该散热器包括诸如铜之类的金属或合适的陶瓷材料的块体。连接器36 用于将模块26中的电子部件连接到辅助电路板28。
图3是沿图1中标记有III-III的线截取的电子模块26的示意性剖面图。模块26包括操作子单元38,该操作子单元包括在模块工作时产生热量的一个或多个电子部件44。例如,操作子单元38可以是成像子单元,其包括位于外壳内的一个或多个光源、光学器件和图像传感器。(本实施方案的原理适用于其中电子部件产生热量的基本上任何此类子单元。)部件44 在邻近操作子单元的下表面的位置处安装在柔性印刷电路46(其向外延伸到连接器36)上。操作子单元38的内部细节与对本发明的理解无关,并且为了简单起见被省略。
散热片32被折叠以缠绕在操作子单元38周围(如在图5A中可以更清楚地看到)。散热片的下侧位于部件44下方,插置在操作子单元38的下表面和散热器34之间。在图示的示例中,散热片32通过例如包含合适的导热凝胶或环氧树脂的导热垫48连接到散热器34,以便确保散热片和散热器之间的良好热接触。散热器34与设备20的背板40热接触,而背板40通过合适的粘合剂42固定到壳体22。背板40包括例如铝片或具有良好热导率的另一种材料。柔性印刷电路50(也在图5中更清楚地看到)将模块 26连接到壳体22中的部件(但这些部件和连接超出本说明书的范围)。
托架52例如通过合适的粘合剂54的薄层固定到操作子单元38的上表面。散热片32的上侧被翻折并固定到托架52的上表面。然后将覆盖件24 装配在托架52上方,其中窗口30通过覆盖件24中的对应开口暴露。
图4是根据本发明的一个实施方案的散热片32的示意性绘画视图。如前所述,散热片32包括连续的导热材料的片材,其被折叠以限定由侧面64 连接的下侧60和上侧62。因此,在图示的实施方案中,散热片32被折叠成U形,在上侧62中具有开口以容纳窗口30。另选地,散热片可被折叠成不同的形状,例如仅围绕模块26的一个或多个侧表面延伸而不覆盖上表面,或者形成完全围绕模块26的上表面和下表面以及两个(或更多个)侧表面延伸的套筒。散热片的所有此类折叠形状均被视为在本发明的范围内。
如前所述,散热片32有利地包括连续的薄石墨片材,其厚度通常介于 10μm和100μm之间,例如25μm厚。(石墨不是各向同性的,并且具有非常高的面内热导率,通常为约1000W.m-1.K-1,但具有低得多的面间热导率,通常为约10W.m-1.K-1。)另选地或除此之外,散热片32可包括金属箔,诸如铜箔或铝箔,其可层合到石墨片材上或以其他方式与石墨片材结合成一体。散热片片材可背衬有导热粘合剂,该导热粘合剂将散热片粘结到模块26。
图5A和图5B是沿图1中标记有V-V的线截取的电子模块26的示意性剖面图。(除了图5B所示的箭头68和70示出热流之外,这两个视图是相同的。)在图5A中,可以更清楚地看到散热片32的侧面64围绕操作子单元38的侧表面延伸。由于散热片32的下侧60与散热器34之间的热接触,以及散热器34与背板40之间的热接触,在操作子单元38中产生的大部分热量通过散热片和散热器传导至背板,如图5B中的箭头68所示。剩余热量通过散热片32的侧面64传导至上侧62。该剩余热量的至少一部分通过设备20的覆盖件24从上侧62耗散,如箭头70所示。因此,箭头68 和70示出了由散热片32提供的用于从模块26移除过量热量的冗余热通路。
应当理解,上文所描述的实施方案以示例的方式引用,并且本发明不限于上文已特别示出和描述的内容。相反,本发明的范围包括上文所述的各种特征,以及本领域的技术人员在阅读以上描述之后会想到的在现有技术中没有公开的其变型形式和修改形式的组合和子组合。
Claims (13)
1.一种电子模块,包括:
操作子单元,所述操作子单元具有上表面、下表面和侧表面,并且包括一个或多个电子部件,所述一个或多个电子部件与所述操作子单元的所述下表面相邻并且在所述模块工作时产生热量;
其中,所述操作子单元包括光电模块,所述光电模块具有穿过所述上表面的窗口;
散热器,所述散热器设置在所述操作子单元的所述下表面附近;和
散热片,所述散热片包括连续的导热材料的片材,所述散热片被折叠以缠绕在所述操作子单元周围,使得所述片材的下侧插置在所述操作子单元的所述下表面和所述散热器之间,并且所述片材的侧面围绕所述操作子单元的所述侧表面中的至少一个侧表面延伸,以及所述片材的上侧覆盖所述操作子单元的所述上表面并具有所述窗口通过其被暴露的开口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模块,其中所述导热材料包括石墨。
3.根据权利要求1所述的模块,其中所述导热材料包括柔性箔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的模块,其中所述一个或多个电子部件包括光源。
5.根据权利要求1所述的模块,其中所述导热材料的所述片材被折叠成缠绕在所述操作子单元周围的U形。
6.一种电子设备,包括:
背板;
根据权利要求1所述的模块,所述模块安装在所述设备中,其中所述散热器与所述背板热接触,使得在所述操作子单元中产生的所述热量的第一部分通过所述散热片和所述散热器传导到所述背板;和
覆盖件,所述覆盖件装配在所述背板上方并且包含所述模块,使得在所述操作子单元中产生的所述热量的第二部分通过所述覆盖件从所述散热片的所述上侧耗散。
7.一种用于制造电子模块的方法,所述方法包括:
提供操作子单元,所述操作子单元具有上表面和下表面,并且包括一个或多个电子部件,所述一个或多个电子部件与所述操作子单元的所述下表面相邻并且在所述模块工作时产生热量;
其中,所述操作子单元包括光电模块,所述光电模块具有穿过所述上表面的窗口;
将包括连续的导热材料的片材的散热片缠绕在所述操作子单元周围,使得所述片材的下侧覆盖所述操作子单元的所述下表面,并且所述片材的上侧覆盖所述操作子单元的所述上表面并具有所述窗口通过其被暴露的开口;以及
将所述片材的所述下侧固定到散热器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述导热材料包括石墨。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述导热材料包括柔性箔。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述一个或多个电子部件包括光源。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中缠绕所述散热片包括折叠所述导热材料的所述片材,使得所述片材的侧面围绕所述操作子单元的侧表面中的至少一个侧表面延伸,并且所述片材的上侧覆盖所述操作子单元的所述上表面。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述导热材料的所述片材被折叠成缠绕在所述操作子单元周围的U形。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,并且包括:
将所述模块安装在设备中,其中所述散热器与所述设备的背板热接触,使得在所述操作子单元中产生的所述热量的第一部分通过所述散热片和所述散热器传导到所述背板;以及
将覆盖件装配在所述背板上方并包含所述模块,使得在所述操作子单元中产生的所述热量的第二部分通过所述覆盖件从所述散热片的所述上侧耗散。
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