CN112176733A - 一种单面扩散导湿速干纺织品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种单面扩散导湿速干纺织品。该纺织品由表面和肌面组成,将肌面朝下覆盖到直径小于1cm的水性墨汁液滴上,3分钟后测得在肌面上直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的总面积为2mm²~71mm²,以直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的中心点为据点,进行任意4等分分割,4等分的黑色区域面积满足如下关系式,(最大黑色区域面积‑最小黑色区域面积)/最大黑色区域面积的值≤0.6。本发明的纺织品具有优越的吸水扩散性和速干性,可用于生产内衣、运动服、衬衫等产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸水速干纺织品,具体涉及一种具有单面扩散导湿速干纺织品。
背景技术
随着生活水平的提高,人们对穿着舒适性的要求不断提高,对服装面料的吸湿排汗速干性能也提出了更高的要求。
如何使得衣服在穿着时能够把人体流出的汗从衣服的一面快速地传导到衣服的外侧,不让水分残留在肌肤上,保持与人体接触的面始终保持干爽,同时使衣服的外侧面能够快速吸收且蒸发汗液,利用蒸发潜热降低面料表面温度并带给人体舒适感,也就是使面料具备单面扩散导湿速干的性能,是目前急需解决的问题。为了解决这一问题,人们进行了很多相关的研究,但总是不尽如人意。
如专利文献CN103122545A中公开了一种复合组织功能性针织面料,该面料至少由表里两层针织物所形成,表层为疏水树脂处理过的聚酯纤维,里层中含有吸水速干纱线,所得面料具有表层疏水里层亲水的效果,但是,由于里层的吸水速干纱线采用的是棉或粘胶等纤维,亲水性很好,但导湿功能较弱,汗水容易滞留在里层,里层会出现濡湿感、穿着不舒适的问题。而且在织造之前必须对纱线进行前处理,织造工艺复杂不易推广。
又如,专利文献CN101962885A中公开了一种制备具有单向导湿功能的制品的方法,具体而言,将织物先进行亲水化预处理,然后再进行喷淋加工使其具备拒水效果,得到具有单向导湿功能的制品。但是亲水化预处理需要用到特殊的设备进行等离子体辐照或者高能射线辐照,不利于普通工厂进行推广生产。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有单面扩散导湿速干的纺织品,即提供一种汗液可以从肌面导出到表面,肌面始终保持干燥,减少闷热感和黏着感的纺织品。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术解决方案如下:
本发明的单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,包括表面和肌面,将肌面朝下覆盖到直径小于1cm的水性墨汁液滴上,3分钟后测得在肌面上直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的总面积为2mm²~71mm²,以直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的中心点为据点进行任意4等分分割,4等分的黑色区域面积满足如下关系式,(最大黑色区域面积-最小黑色区域面积)/最大黑色区域面积的值≤0.6。
本发明的单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,能够快速吸收身体的汗液,并且迅速扩散到织物表面,保持肌肤面干爽舒适,而且加工简单,生产性强。
附图说明
图1是本发明的单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,墨汁滴在肌面上后的肌面写真图。
图2是本发明的单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,墨汁滴在肌面上后的表面写真图。
具体实施方式
本发明的单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,包括表面和肌面,将肌面朝下覆盖到直径小于1cm的水性墨汁液滴上,3分钟后测得在肌面上直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的总面积为2mm²~71mm²,以直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的中心点为据点进行任意4等分分割,4等分的黑色区域面积满足如下关系式,(最大黑色区域面积-最小黑色区域面积)/最大黑色区域面积的值≤0.6。
肌面存在吸水点是本发明导湿的关键,与人体部分接触,通过纺织品上的吸水点迅速吸收汗液,并通过纤维间的间隙,形成汗液蒸发的循环空间,即便大量出汗也能迅速且及时将水分扩散到面料的表面,保持衣服内的干爽感。其中,肌面上黑色区域为面料上吸水部分,直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的总面积为2~71mm²。如果吸水面积小于2mm²,肌面相当于全防水,发汗时汗液无法排出,闷热感强;如果吸水面积大于71mm²,肌面上防水点与防水点间距离过大,亲水部分的保水量过高,纱线过于膨润,原有的编织孔隙过小,持续发汗的话容易产生闷热感。考虑到肌面的亲水性、疏水性能够更好地保持间隔又连续的状态,达到既吸汗又不保留汗水,肌肤面保持优异干爽性的效果,优选直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的总面积为20~50mm²。
考虑到吸水点在纺织品表面上的分布差异不能过大,否则会导致有的地方大量保水,有的地方全防水,闷热感依然存在。为了确保肌面的干爽性,以直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的中心点为据点,进行任意4等分分割, 4等分的黑色区域面积满足如下关系式,(最大黑色区域面积-最小黑色区域面积)/最大黑色区域面积的值≤0.6。
作为优选,本发明的单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,肌面上所述黑色部分以外的地方覆盖有防水树脂膜,其覆盖率为60%~99%。防水树脂膜的覆盖率可通过控制孔径的大小以及防水剂粘度等来实现,如果其覆盖率超过99%的话,纺织品有全面防水的趋势,肌面可能就失去了吸水的功能;如果其覆盖率低于60%,则有可能导致肌面保水性过高,肌面濡湿感过强,干爽感有降低的趋势。
本发明的纺织品,防水树脂膜的成分没有特别的限定,优选为碳6氟系(C6)、碳4氟系(C4)、有机硅类、丙烯酸酯类、聚氨酯类和石蜡类中的一种或者几种。可以根据市场需求,更优选价格相对较低的含氟素防水剂;也可以根据环境要求,更优选丙烯酸酯类、聚氨酯类或者石蜡类的不含氟素的防水剂。
考虑到水分由肌面向表面导出的效果显著,实现表、肌面扩散面积的差异化,优选表面的扩散面积大于肌面的扩散面积。表里扩散面积差越大,单面扩散导湿速干性越好。如果表面扩散面积小于或者等于肌面扩散面积的话,则肌面的吸水性能优于表面,当大量吸水时,肌面可能会保有大量水分,濡湿感有变强的趋势。
作为优选,本发明的纺织品,表面的滴水扩散时间小于肌面的滴水扩散时间。表面与肌面之间具有亲疏水梯度差,实现了水分从肌面到表面的移动。但并不是差值越大越好,肌面吸水时间过长的话,肌面的吸汗能力丧失,容易产生闷热感。作为优选,表面吸水扩散时间在10秒以下。表里滴水扩散时间差在-3秒以内视为效果相当。
形成本发明的纺织品的纤维原料没有特别限定。可以由亲水性纤维和疏水性纤维中的一种或两种组成。
这里的疏水纤维可以是聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维和聚氨酯纤维等中的一种或更多种。纤维断面形状也没有特别限定,可以是圆形或异形。其中异形断面可以是十字形、Y字形、星型、C型、X型、橘瓣型、中空型等等。
本发明中在进行组织设计时,可以将普通圆形断面的疏水纤维使用在纺织品的表面层,非中空的异形断面疏水纤维使用在纺织品的肌面层。通过肌面层纤维表面的细微沟槽所产生的毛细现象,提高水分的吸收、扩散、传导等作用,从而起到把人体表面的汗液快速吸收,扩散到衣服的外表侧。肌面层也可以选用中空断面疏水纤维。中空纤维的芯部成孔道状态贯通,也有利于水分迅速传输、蒸发。另外,除了利用断面形状,还可以考虑利用表里层纤维的纤度差来产生毛细现象。比如说,表面采用常规纤度的普通疏水性纤维,肌面采用超细疏水性纤维。这里的常规纤度的普通疏水性纤维是指纤度为20~75旦尼尔(D)的疏水性纤维,超细疏水性纤维是指纤度为0.5~5D的疏水性纤维。
本发明中,当纺织品全部由疏水性纤维形成时,可对纺织品表面进行亲水加工,肌面进行不连续防水加工。当纺织品表面由亲水性纤维形成、肌面由疏水性纤维形成时,可仅对肌面进行不连续防水加工。当纺织品全部由亲水性纤维形成时,也可仅对肌面进行不连续防水加工。
其中,亲水加工具体为,可以采用普通树脂机进行亲水加工,也可以采用单面树脂机进行浸轧加工。其中,单面树脂机的上轧辊为实心结构,下轧辊为空心结构,内部可以注入树脂液,下轧辊表面分布众多纳米孔,运转时树脂液通过纳米孔渗出。亲水加工所用树脂没有特别限定,可选用聚醚有机硅系类吸水剂,其用量可根据需要进行调节,优选为20g/l~60g/l。干燥条件:80℃~160℃*45s~180s。
不连续防水加工具体为,可以利用涂覆加工法,也可以利用静电喷淋加工法。其中,防水加工液的组成如下所示:
防水剂20g/l~100g/l
渗透剂0.5g/l~10g/l
架桥剂2g/l~20g/l
增稠剂0g/l~50g/l。
其中,防水剂可以是含氟防水剂,也可以是非氟防水剂;渗透剂为非离子表面活性剂或者阴离子表面活性剂或者两者复合型表面活性剂;架桥剂为聚氨酯树脂、异氰酸酯树脂、三聚氰胺树脂中的一种或几种,增稠剂为淀粉类、纤维素类物质中的一种或几种。
涂覆加工法:调好液后,利用平网印花机,通过网状棍子或者平网状设备对织物里面进行涂覆,选用孔径为500um~1000um,孔间距为500um~1000um,形成不连续的防水点,防水点的大小为直径400um~1500um。防水点的形状没有特别限定。
孔径选择500um~1000um,孔间距选择500um~1000um,可以得到防水点直径分布为400um~1500um的防水区域。孔间距离过小时,即使有空隙水也无法吸入,孔间距离过大会导致防水点间形成大面积的吸水保水点,不利于水分扩散。
静电喷淋法:
采用静电喷淋的加工方式,利用静电场作用将大水珠碎成小水珠,通入喷淋管子,设定传送速度为20~40m/min进行不连续防水加工,得到的纺织品表面上的液滴直径分布在400~1000um,液滴间距离为400~1000um。喷淋处理后进入干燥箱进行干燥处理,干燥温度100~190℃。实际生产中可根据织物厚度,组织,调整喷淋的高度,喷淋口的直径来调整成品的防水点的大小;以及干燥温度和干燥时间。
本发明的单面扩散导湿速干织物适合作成运动服、内衣、衬衫以及工作服等。
下面结合实施例及比较例对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明中所涉及的各项指标的测定、评价方法的如下所示:
(1)表、里扩散面积
将黑色水性墨水(日本pilot制)滴在塑料模板上,墨水的量为0.1ml,滴下的墨滴为直径在1cm以内。将试验片(10cm*10cm)表面向上,肌面向下迅速放置于墨水上,3分钟后将试验片拿开。肌面的扩散区域用数码显微镜(基恩士VHX2000)进行拍照,拍摄倍率设定为20倍,以扩散痕迹为轨迹进行扫描,自动读出其面积。表面的扩散区域采用面积仪进行测试直接读出面积。按照同样的方法,在试验片上再测任意2处墨点的扩散面积,取表3处、里3处的平均值分别作为本发明的表、里扩散面积。按照如下公式计算出表里扩散面积差,表里扩散面积差=表面扩散面积-里面扩散面积。
(2)直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的总面积
将黑色水性墨水(日本pilot制)滴在塑料模板上,墨水的量为0.1ml,滴下的墨滴为直径在1cm以内。将试验片(10cm*10cm)表面向上,肌面向下迅速放置于墨水上,3分钟后将试验片拿开。在肌面墨水扩散部分的黑色区域取1.5cm的圆,再用数码显微镜(基恩士VHX2000)进行拍照观察,拍摄倍率设定为20倍,扫描出黑色区域中墨迹点的总面积。按照同样的方法,在试验片上再测任意2处黑色区域中墨迹点的面积,取平均值作为直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的总面积。
(3)滴水扩散时间
根据JIS L1097-2010 滴下法。另外,表里滴水扩散时间差=表面滴水扩散时间-肌面滴水扩散时间。
(4)防水树脂的覆盖率
在10cm*10cm试验片上选取1cm*1cm的区域A采用SEM-EDX进行观察。分析特定元素(例如F(氟)素)的分布面积占区域A总面积的比率,该比率即为本发明防水树脂的覆盖率。
实施例1
使用圆编机,选择纤度为140D、捻度为1022T/M的复合纱,以及75D-48f-十字断面聚酯DTY以及42D-5f聚氨酯纤维,平针组织进行编织,得到针织物,其中复合纱由腈纶短纤维(AC)和阳离子可染聚酯短纤维(CDP)复合而成。对编织得到的基布先进行双面亲水加工,亲水剂使用量40g/L,然后通过静电喷淋法对其肌面进行不连续防水加工得到本发明的纺织品。其中,防水加工树脂液组成如下所示:
C6防水树脂A 30g/L
渗透剂B 10g/L
架桥剂C 2g/L
所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
实施例2
使用雕刻滚筒法对基布进行不连续防水加工,其余同实施例1,得到本发明的纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
实施例3
基布未进行双面亲水加工,其余同实施例1,得到本发明的纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
实施例4
所用基布为由50D-24f-PET纱线、50支的粘胶纱线编织得到的平针织物,其余同实施例1,得到本发明的纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
实施例5
对肌面进行单面连续防水加工,防水剂用量80g/L,其余同实施例1,得到本发明的纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
实施例6
防水剂为有机硅类,其余同实施例1,得到本发明的纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
实施例7
防水剂为丙烯酸酯类,其余同实施例1,得到本发明的纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
实施例8
基布为PET和棉的混纺机织物,其余同实施例1,得到本发明的纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
比较例1
不进行防水加工,其余同实施例1,得到纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
比较例2
不进行双面亲水加工,且肌面为连续防水加工,其余同实施例1,得到纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
比较例3
将静电喷淋法换为普通的喷淋法,其余同实施例1,得到纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
比较例4
未进行亲水加工以及防水加工,其余同实施例8,得到纺织品。所得纺织品的各性能参数见表1。
表1
* A:最大黑色区域面积;a: 最小黑色区域面积。
由表1可知,
(1) 由实施例1与实施例2可知,同等条件下,肌面防水树脂膜占有率80%的纺织品和肌面防水树脂膜占有率50%的纺织品相比,表里滴水扩散面积差前者优于后者,表里滴水扩散时间差两者相当。
(2) 由实施例1与实施例5可知,同等条件下,采用单面不连续防水加工树脂膜占有率80%的纺织品和单面不连续防水加工树脂膜占有率99.5%的纺织品相比,前者的表里滴水扩散面积差及表里滴水扩散时间差均远优于后者。
(3) 由实施例1与实施例6可知,同等条件下,使用碳6防水剂的纺织品和使用有机硅类防水剂的纺织品相比,前者的表里滴水扩散面积差优于后者,表里滴水扩散时间差两者相当。
(4) 由实施例1与实施例7可知,同等条件下,使用碳6防水剂的纺织品和使用丙烯酸酯类防水剂的纺织品相比,前者表里滴水扩散面积差优于后者,表里滴水扩散时间差两者相当。
(5) 由实施例1与比较例1可知,采用单面不连续防水的纺织品和没有防水加工的纺织品相比,前者的表里滴水扩散面积差及表里滴水扩散时间差均远远优于后者。
(6) 由实施例3与比较例2可知,同等条件下,采用单面不连续防水的纺织品和全面防水的纺织品相比,前者的表里滴水扩散面积差,及表里滴水扩散时间差均远优于后者。
(7) 由实施例1与比较例3可知,同等条件下,采用单面不连续防水的纺织品和普通喷淋法的防水加工的纺织品相比,前者的表里滴水扩散面积差及表里滴水扩散时间差均远远优于后者。
Claims (6)
1.一种单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,包括表面和肌面,其特征是:将所述肌面朝下覆盖到直径小于1cm的水性墨汁液滴上,3分钟后测得在所述肌面上直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的总面积为2mm²~71mm²,以所述直径1.5cm范围内黑色区域的中心点为据点进行任意4等分分割, 4等分的黑色区域面积满足如下关系式,(最大黑色区域面积-最小黑色区域面积)/最大黑色区域面积的值≤0.6。
2.根据权利要求1所述单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,其特征是:肌面上所述黑色部分以外的地方覆盖有防水树脂膜,其覆盖率为60%~99%。
3.根据权利要求2所述单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,其特征是:所述防水树脂膜的成分为碳6氟系、碳4氟系、有机硅类、丙烯酸酯类、聚氨酯类和石蜡类中的一种或者几种。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,其特征是:所述纺织品由亲水性纤维和疏水性纤维中的一种或两种组成。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,其特征是:所述表面的扩散面积大于所述肌面的扩散面积。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述单面扩散导湿速干纺织品,其特征是:所述表面的滴水扩散时间小于所述肌面的滴水扩散时间。
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