CN112175607A - 有机室温磷光材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
有机室温磷光材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种纯有机室温磷光材料及其制备方法和应用。该有机室温磷光材料包含苯基咪唑衍生物,佐剂,以溶剂法、研磨法或熔融法制备得室温磷光材料。本发明提出的室温磷光材料制备方法简单高效,材料易得。室温磷光量子产率最高达74.2%。空气中室温磷光寿命可达430ms。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种纯有机室温磷光材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
磷光发光材料因为其相比于荧光更长的发光寿命和更高的能量利用效率,在信息加密防伪,光电器件和生物成像应用中表现突出。其中不含重金属元素的纯有机室温磷光材料成本更低,毒性小和制备方便原料易得而深受各界欢迎。
磷光的发射源自于三线态激子辐射跃迁回基态的过程。而三线态激子由分子受光激发产生的单线态激发态的系间窜越产生。在纯有机材料中,因为系间窜越速率比无机材料低而较难获得大量的三线态激子。同时过高的室温环境温度促使分子振动造成三线态能量损失严重。因此开发能够在室温下有效发射磷光的纯有机材料一直具有极大挑战。虽然近几年来开发了众多策略实现了高效的室温磷光发射,但是设计一种制备工艺简单,发光效率高,稳定性高的纯有机室温磷光体系仍具有极大的发展潜力。
通过形成特殊的晶体结构,单分子磷光体系可以获得有效的室温磷光。但是无论是晶体的培养还是在实际应用中保持稳定的晶体结构都具有一定困难。因此越来越多不依赖于特定晶体结构的多组分磷光体系被开发出来,如共聚,主客体包结,基质掺杂等。然而在实际操作中,这些多组分材料的制备过程略复杂,这极大制约了纯有机室温磷光材料的发展应用。同时,纯有机室温磷光领域的研究较少,室温磷光候选材料种类较少。因此,亟需开发一种简单混合多种有机小分子化合物获得高效室温磷光的方法,以及大量筛选候选磷光分子的手段。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种高效简便的纯有机室温磷光及其制备过程,以改进现有室温磷光材料开发技术上的缺点。
为了实现本发明的发明目的,本发明提供一种纯有机室温磷光材料,包含苯基咪唑衍生物,如式(I)所示的结构:
还包含佐剂,所述佐剂为式(II-1)~(II-7)所示的化合物中的一种或几种混合:
其中,n为1、2、3或4;R表示碳原子数为1-12的烷基;R’表示-Cl、-Br或N,N-二甲氨基。
在一优选实施例中,根据佐剂的不同选择,本发明制备的室温磷光材料具备可调节的磷光发射波长,磷光波长范围465-565nm。
在一优选实施例中,根据佐剂的不同选择,本发明制备的室温磷光材料具备荧光和磷光双发射。合适比例的荧光和磷光组合获得明亮的白光发光,从而可用于照明发光器件等领域。
在一优选实施例中,本发明所制得的材料具有长寿命室温磷光特性,磷光寿命2-430ms。
在一优选实施例中,本发明提供一种有机室温磷光材料,所述有机室温磷光材料包含上述具有式(I)所示结构的苯基咪唑衍生物,以及上述式(II-1)~(II-7)所示化合物中的一种或几种混合而成的佐剂;其中,所述有机室温磷光材料中,所述苯基咪唑衍生物的摩尔百分比含量为90.00mol%~99.99mol%。
在一优选实施例中,所述有机室温磷光材料以以下任意一种制备方法制成:
(1)溶剂法:将所述苯基咪唑衍生物与所述佐剂完全溶解于有机溶剂中,得到透明混合溶液;完全蒸发所述有机溶剂并充分干燥后,获得所述有机室温磷光材料;
(2)研磨法:将所述苯基咪唑衍生物与所述佐剂充分混合后,充分研磨以获得所述有机室温磷光材料;
(3)熔融法:在保护气体环境下,将所述苯基咪唑衍生物与所述佐剂充分混合后,加热至熔点以上以完全熔融所述苯基咪唑衍生物与所述佐剂,经搅拌均匀后冷却至室温,获得所述有机室温磷光材料。
在一优选实施例中,所述的有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯中的一种或者多种混合。
在一优选实施例中,所述保护气体为氮气或者氩气。
本发明描述所用均为纯有机小分子化合物,来源广,合成简便,原料易得。而且佐剂材料含量少,经济节约,有助于成本的降低。
本发明描述所制得的固态室温磷光材料不依赖固体的晶体特征,无需培养特定的晶体或者共晶结构。多种方法制得的材料发光性质稳定。可以有效避免氧气对磷光的淬灭,可在空气中使用而无需惰性气体保护或者真空环境。并且,所制备的材料在其熔点以下的高温环境仍然具备一定的磷光发射性能。本发明制备的室温磷光材料表现出良好的耐热、耐氧和耐湿性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地阐述本发明专利的具体实施例的特点,下面将对实施例的附图进行简要介绍。显而易见地,下面描述的附图仅为本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域的普通研究或从业人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他类似的图片。
图1为实施例1制备的高量子产率室温磷光材料的磷光光谱;
图2为实施例2以研磨法制备室温磷光材料的过程;
图3为实施例2制备的黄色室温磷光材料的寿命曲线;
图4为实施例3制备的黄色室温磷光材料的激发光谱(虚线)和磷光光谱(实线);
图5为实施例3制备的黄色室温磷光材料在不同混合比例下的发光强度(实心圆点)和寿命(空心方点)变化;
图6为实施例4制备的黄色室温磷光材料在关灯后的长余辉发光;
图7为实施例5制备的白光发射室温磷光材料的稳态发光光谱;
图8为实施例5制备的白光发射室温磷光材料的CIE色坐标。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。显然,所描述的实施例仅为本发明的一部分应用,而并非全部。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明的特性而并非用于限制本发明的范围。本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
本实施例1提供了一种高量产双组分室温磷光材料及其制备方法和应用等。
本实施例提供的室温磷光材料包含1-(4-溴苯基)咪唑,以4-(4-溴苯基)-1H-咪唑作为佐剂,二者皆直接购买自试剂公司。以溶剂法制备室温磷光材料的具体步骤为:
称取100mg 4-(4-溴苯基)-1H-咪唑和900mg 1-(4-溴苯基)咪唑,加热溶解于盛有20mL甲醇溶液的50mL圆底烧瓶中。使用旋转蒸发仪除去有机溶剂,在真空干燥箱烘干后得到无色透明结晶状固体。该固体在254nm光照激发下产生明亮的青色磷光。其发光光谱如图1所示。发光寿命为8ms,磷光量产高达74.2%。
实施例2
本实施例2提供了一种无重原子的长寿命双组分室温磷光材料及其制备方法和应用等。
本实施例提供的室温磷光材料包含对二咪唑基苯,以2-咪唑基-6-二甲氨基喹啉作为佐剂,溶剂法制备室温磷光材料的具体步骤为:
对二咪唑基苯的合成方法为:
对二溴苯(2.4g,10mmol),咪唑(2.86g,42mmol),碳酸钾(4.4g,32mmol)和五水硫酸铜(50mg,0.2mmol)置于密闭圆底烧瓶中,180℃加热反应24小时。反应结束后冷却至室温,反应液加水稀释,过滤收集沉淀物硅胶过柱纯化。得产物二咪唑基苯(DIB)1.9g,为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.88(s,2H,ArH),7.52(s,4H,ArH),7.31(s,2H,ArH),7.24(s,2H,ArH);HRMS(ESI+):m/z calcd for C12H10N4+H+:211.0984;found:211.0973.
佐剂的合成方法为:
(1)对二甲氨基苯胺(2.0g,14.7mmol)和三乙胺(2.5mL,18.7mmol)溶解于无水甲苯溶剂中。反应液加热至100℃后,向其中滴加3-乙氧基丙烯酰氯(1.96g,14.6mmol)的甲苯(10mL)溶液。反应液加热至回流1小时。冷却至室温,旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。剩余残渣使用乙酸乙酯(100mL)溶解。过滤除去不溶物。收集滤液旋干溶剂,氯仿重结晶得到淡黄色晶体固体Q1。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.59(d,J=12.0Hz,1H,=CH–),7.41–7.32(br m,2H,ArH),6.95(br s,1H,CONH),6.69(d,J=8.9Hz,2H,ArH),5.30(d,J=12.0Hz,1H=CH–),3.90(brm,2H,–CH2–),2.91(s,6H,NCH3),1.32(t,J=7.0Hz,3H,CCH3).
(2)冰浴下将Q1(1.17g,5mmol)分批次加入到浓硫酸(8mL)中。待固体完全溶解后,加热到50℃反应12小时。冷却至室温,将反应液倒入冰水中,用5M氢氧化钠溶液调节pH到12-13,析出沉淀。过滤收集沉淀,硅胶过柱得产物Q2,为黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=12.54(brs,1H,ArOH),7.73(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,ArH),7.36(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,ArH),7.08(dd,J=9.0,2.8Hz,1H,ArH),6.78(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,ArH),6.69(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,ArH),2.96(s,6H,NCH3).
(3)将Q2(339mg,1.8mmol)加入到三氯氧磷(5mL)中加热回流反应3小时。冷却至室温后,反应液倒入冰水中。使用10%碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8-9,析出沉淀。减压过滤收集固体,硅胶过柱得黄色固体粉末Q3。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.89(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.86(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,ArH),7.35(dd,J=9.4,2.9Hz,1H,ArH),7.24(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,ArH),6.78(d,J=2.9Hz,1H,ArH),3.07(s,6H,NCH3).
(4)将Q3(207mg,1mmol),咪唑(272mg,4mmol),碳酸钾(207mg,1.5mmol)和催化量无水硫酸铜(5mg)加入到密闭反应管中,180℃加热反应14小时。冷却至室温,反应液中水稀释后过滤。取沉淀过柱得产物DMQI。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.40(s,1H,ArH),8.04(d,J=8.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.86(d,J=9.3Hz,1H,ArH),7.76(s,1H,ArH),7.37(dd,J=9.3Hz,2.8Hz,2H,ArH),7.35(d,J=8.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.21(s,1H,ArH),6.79(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,ArH),3.07(s,6H,NCH3);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ=148.7,144.5,140.5,137.5,135.1,130.4,129.3,128.6,120.4,116.5,112.16,105.0,40.8;HRMS(ESI+):m/z calcd for C14H14N4+H+:239.1297;found:239.1297.
本实施例提供的室温磷光材料,通过研磨法制备长寿命室温磷光材料的方法为:
称取12mg DMQI和1040mg DIB于一玛瑙研钵中,充分研磨5分钟后,即可在紫外光照下产生明亮的黄色长余辉发光(图2)。发光寿命为430ms(图3)。
实施例3
本实施例3提供了一种使用痕量佐剂的长寿命双组分室温磷光材料及其制备方法和应用等。
本实施例提供的室温磷光材料包含1-(4-溴苯基)咪唑,以6-咪唑基-N,N-二甲基异喹啉-1-胺作为佐剂,溶剂法制备室温磷光材料的具体步骤为:
佐剂的合成方法为:
(1)咪唑(1.36g,20mmol),6-溴异喹啉酮(1.12g,5mmol),碳酸钾(1.04g,7.5mmol)和12mg五水硫酸铜在密闭反应管中200℃加热反应6小时。反应完全后冷却至室温,使用二氯甲烷和甲醇(10:1,v/v)萃取。合并有机相,旋干得粗品。乙酸乙酯打浆得产物IQ2,为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=11.31(br s,1H,NH),8.39(t,J=1.1Hz,1H,ArH),8.22(d,J=8.7Hz,1H,ArH),7.93(d,J=2.3Hz,1H,ArH),7.85(s,1H,ArH),7.74(dd,J=8.7,2.3Hz,1H,ArH),7.20(d,J=7.1Hz,1H,ArH),7.12(t,J=1.1Hz,1H,ArH),6.51(d,J=7.1Hz,1H,ArH);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ=161.3,139.6,139.4,135.8,135.2,130.5,128.9,124.2,118.4,117.9,116.1,104.4.
(2)取IQ2(422mg,2mmol)加入到三氯氧磷(5mL)中加热回流反应3小时。冷却至室温后,反应液倒入冰水中。使用10%碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8-9。二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相干燥旋干。乙酸乙酯打浆得白色固体IQ3。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.48(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,ArH),8.34(d,J=5.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.05(t,J=1.1Hz,1H,ArH),7.83(d,J=2.2Hz,1H,ArH),7.75(dd,J=9.0,2.2Hz,1H,ArH),7.64(dd,J=5.7,0.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.45(t,J=1.4Hz,1H,ArH),7.29(t,J=1.1Hz,1H,ArH);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ=151.8,143.1,139.1,138.6,135.7,131.5,129.4,125.6,122.3,120.6,118.0,117.2.
(3)取IQ3(115mg,0.5mmol)和氢氧化钾(70mg,1.25mmol)溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(0.271mL,3.5mmol)中。封闭反应管氩气环境下100℃加热反应8小时。冷却至室温,反应液加入10mL蒸馏水,乙酸乙酯萃取3次。合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂。硅胶过柱得产物淡黄色固体DMIQI。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.22(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,ArH),8.14(d,J=5.8Hz,1H,ArH),8.00(t,J=1.1Hz,1H,ArH),7.67(d,J=2.3Hz,1H,ArH),7.50(dd,J=9.0,2.3Hz,1H,ArH),7.41(t,J=1.4Hz,1H,ArH),7.25(s,1H,ArH),7.16(d,J=5.8Hz,1H,ArH),3.13(s,6H,NCH3);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ=161.9,142.2,139.4,137.7,135.7,131.0,128.9,119.8,119.1,118.1,117.5,114.1,43.2;HRMS(EI+):m/z(%):238.1215(62)[M]+,237.1140(51)[M-H]+,223.0980(34)[M-CH3]+,209.0951(100)[M-NCH3]+,195.0791(30)[M-NC2H5]+,194.0718(23)[M-NC2H6]+.
本实施例提供的室温磷光材料,通过溶剂法制备长寿命室温磷光材料的方法为:
分别称取DMQI和1-(4-溴苯基)咪唑(0.0238mg+223mg,0.238mg+223mg,1.19mg+222mg,2.38mg+221mg,4.77mg+219mg,11.9mg+212mg)以0.01mol%,0.1mol%,0.5mol%,1mol%,2mol%,5mol%比例溶解于乙酸乙酯溶液中,旋干溶液制得具有绿色长余辉发光的室温磷光材料(图4)。不同比例的磷光寿命无明显差异,而磷光强度在0.5mol%比例最强。摩尔含量小于0.01mol%依然能够获得明显室温磷光(图5)。
实施例4
本实施例4提供了一种蓝绿色长寿命双组分室温磷光材料及其制备方法和应用等。
本实施例提供的室温磷光材料包含1-(4-溴苯基)咪唑,以对二甲氨基苯甲醛作为佐剂,熔融法制备室温磷光材料的具体步骤为:
对二甲氨基苯甲醛购买自试剂公司,称取7.42mg对二甲氨基苯甲醛和221mg 1-(4-溴苯基)咪唑于充满氩气的密闭反应瓶中,加热至120℃使其融化并搅拌均匀,冷却至室温后制得具有蓝绿色长余辉的室温磷光材料(图6)。
实施例5
本实施例5提供了一种白光发射的荧光和磷光双发射的室温磷光材料及其制备方法和应用等。
本实施例提供的室温磷光材料包含1-(4-溴苯基)咪唑,以DMQI作为佐剂,溶剂法制备白光室温磷光材料的具体步骤为:
称取11.9mg DMQI和1105mg 1-(4-溴苯基)咪唑溶解于甲醇溶液中,旋干溶剂制得白光发射的荧光和磷光双发射的室温磷光材料。
该材料具有荧光和磷光双发射的特征(图7)。CIE色坐标为(0.30,0.33)(图8)。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
2.如权利要求1所述的有机室温磷光材料,其特征在于,所述有机室温磷光材料中,所述苯基咪唑衍生物的摩尔百分比含量为90.00mol%~99.99mol%。
4.如权利要求3所述的有机室温磷光材料,其特征在于,所述有机室温磷光材料中,所述佐剂的摩尔百分比含量为0.01mol%~10.00mol%。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的有机室温磷光材料,其特征在于,所述有机室温磷光材料的磷光发射波长范围为465~565nm。
6.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的有机室温磷光材料,其特征在于,所述有机室温磷光材料的磷光寿命2-430ms。
7.如权利要求1所述的有机室温磷光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为将苯基咪唑衍生物与佐剂完全溶解于有机溶剂后,蒸发所述有机溶剂以获得所述有机室温磷光材料;其中,
以所述苯基咪唑衍生物与佐剂的总摩尔计算,所述苯基咪唑衍生物的摩尔百分比含量为90.00mol%~99.99mol%;并且,
所述有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯中的一种或者几种混合。
8.如权利要求1所述的有机室温磷光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为将苯基咪唑衍生物与佐剂充分混合后,充分研磨或熔融,以获得所述有机室温磷光材料;其中,以所述苯基咪唑衍生物与佐剂的总摩尔计算,所述苯基咪唑衍生物的摩尔百分比含量为90.00mol%~99.99mol%。
9.如权利要求1所述的有机室温磷光材料在发光器件或防伪材料中的应用。
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