CN112166726B - Saline-alkali soil improvement method based on irrigation - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improvement method based on irrigation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112166726B CN112166726B CN202010902530.0A CN202010902530A CN112166726B CN 112166726 B CN112166726 B CN 112166726B CN 202010902530 A CN202010902530 A CN 202010902530A CN 112166726 B CN112166726 B CN 112166726B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving saline-alkali soil based on irrigation, which comprises a new soil module, a new soil module and a new soil module, wherein crops are planted on the new soil module; the modular arrangement is adopted, and irrigation is carried out through a water channel; the saline-alkali soil module is positioned below the new soil module and is stored in a modularized mode, and irrigation water descends to irrigate the saline-alkali soil after passing through the new soil module; the saline-alkali soil treatment device is positioned below the saline-alkali soil module and is used for receiving the irrigation water passing through the saline-alkali soil module; the saline-alkali soil treatment device lifts the saline-alkali soil module to expose the saline-alkali soil module on the water level surface of the site; the loosening device is positioned on the saline-alkali soil treatment device and is used for loosening the saline-alkali soil module; the cleaning device is used for conveying irrigation water stored in the saline-alkali treatment device; and the output device is used for storing the irrigation water flowing out of the saline-alkali treatment device. The invention has reasonable design, compact structure and convenient use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a saline-alkali land improving method based on irrigation, which is particularly suitable for intelligent farmlands and realizes improvement of saline-alkali land through irrigation.
Background
The improvement of saline-alkali soil, the prevention and treatment of secondary salinization, and the maintenance and improvement of the land productivity are important contents for maintaining the land productivity in arid regions and the sustainable development of agriculture. As soil salinization directly influences the soil structure, water and gas guiding, water and fertilizer supplying capacity, and plant emergence and growth processes, the researchers of various countries in the world carry out deep research on the saline-alkali soil improvement method.
Saline-alkali soil is soil which is 'diseased' due to excessive salt content or strong alkalinity. The grading indexes of the saline-alkali soil are as follows: mild salinization, wherein the salt content of the soil is 0.1-0.2%; moderate salinized soil, the salt content of the soil is 0.2-0.4%: the salt content of the heavily salinized soil is 0.4-0.6% (the salt content is calculated by a soil plough layer of 30 cm in most of China). The other index for measuring the saline-alkali soil is pH value which is generally neutral at 7.5, slightly acidic at less than 7.0 and slightly alkaline at more than 7.5.
At present, the soil improvement method mainly comprises water conservancy improvement, chemical improvement, biological improvement and physical improvement. The modes, the effects and the purposes of various improving methods are different, but good water, salt, fertilizer and gas environments are created for the growth of crops, and the continuous utilization of the land is maintained.
The fertilizer is an optimal polymer which absorbs salt and reduces alkali and contains a sodium ion adsorbent, humic acid, fulvic acid and rare earth. The moderate saline-alkali soil is matched with a large amount of applied wheat bran and special fertilizer, and the effect is better.
Saline-alkali soil generally has the characteristics of low temperature, thin soil and poor structure. The organic fertilizer is decomposed and converted by microorganisms to form humus, so that the buffering capacity of the soil is improved, the humus can react with sodium carbonate to form sodium humate, and the alkalinity of the soil is reduced. The sodium humate can also stimulate the growth of crops and enhance the salt resistance. The humus can promote the formation of granular structure, thereby increasing the porosity, enhancing the water permeability, facilitating the leaching of salt and inhibiting the salt return. In the decomposition process of the organic matters, a large amount of organic acids are generated, so that on one hand, the alkalinity of soil can be neutralized, on the other hand, the nutrient decomposition can be accelerated, the slow-acting nutrient conversion is promoted, and the phosphorus effectiveness is improved. Therefore, the increased application of organic fertilizer is an important measure for improving saline-alkali soil and improving soil fertility.
The saline-alkali soil mainly has two types, one type is low-level terrain, cool groove shape and beach depression shape which are distributed on the coastal lands of rivers and lakes, and has secondary property; the second saline-alkali soil belongs to soil formed by salt around ancient and recent salt lakes and stratum and severe salt accumulation, and has native properties. The saline-alkali soil formation is a result of combined action of natural and artificial factors, and researches show that the soil matrix, texture, terrain, new structure movement, hydrological conditions, artificial activities and the like are important factors influencing the saline-alkali soil formation.
In the process of utilizing the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil can be divided into light saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and heavy saline-alkali soil. The light saline-alkali soil has the emergence rate of 70-80% and the salt content of less than three per thousand; the heavy saline-alkali soil has salt content more than six thousandths, and the emergence rate is lower than 50%; the middle part of the saline-alkali soil is the moderate saline-alkali soil (the pH value is 7.1-8.5 for the mild saline-alkali soil, 8.5-9.5 for the moderate saline-alkali soil and more than 9.5 for the severe saline-alkali soil).
In the prior art, the saline-alkali soil improvement method generally comprises the following steps: 1. And (5) washing salt. The salt washing is that water is poured into the saline-alkali soil to dissolve the salt in the soil, the soluble salt and alkali in the surface soil layer are drained into the deep soil or washed out through infiltration, and the soluble salt and alkali are laterally infiltrated into a drainage ditch to be removed. 2. And (5) leveling the land. The land leveling can ensure that water can uniformly infiltrate downwards, improve the effects of rain and salt leaching and irrigation salt washing, and prevent soil spot salinization. Deep ploughing and deep turning. The distribution condition of salinity in soil is that the topsoil is many, and the lower floor is few, and through ploughing, can buckle the salinity in the top soil below the plough layer, the soil that the lower floor contains less salt is ploughed to the surface. The plowing can loosen the plough layer, cut off the soil capillary, weaken the water evaporation of the soil and effectively control the salt return of the soil. The plowing time of the saline-alkali soil is preferably spring and autumn. Spring and autumn are seasons with heavy salt return. The autumn ploughing is particularly beneficial to killing pest eggs, removing weeds, deeply burying root stubbles, enhancing organic matter decomposition and release of slow-acting nutrients, so that the method is worthy of advocating. 3. Harrowing the land at proper time. The harrowing can loosen the surface soil, cut off the capillary water of the soil to convey salt to the surface, and play a role in preventing salt return. Harrowing should be timely, should be done in shallow spring, first-lying, early autumn, dry and wet. 4. And organic fertilizer is additionally applied, and chemical fertilizer is reasonably applied. Saline-alkali soil generally has the characteristics of low temperature, thin soil and poor structure. The organic fertilizer is decomposed and converted by microorganisms to form humus, so that the buffering capacity of the soil can be improved, and the organic fertilizer can react with sodium carbonate to form sodium humate and reduce the alkalinity of the soil. The sodium humate can also stimulate the growth of crops and enhance the salt resistance. The humus can promote the formation of granular structure, thereby increasing the porosity, enhancing the water permeability, facilitating the leaching of salt and inhibiting the salt return. In the decomposition process of the organic matters, a large amount of organic acids are generated, so that on one hand, the alkalinity of soil can be neutralized, on the other hand, the nutrient decomposition can be accelerated, the slow-acting nutrient conversion is promoted, and the phosphorus effectiveness is improved. Therefore, the increased application of organic fertilizer is an important measure for improving saline-alkali soil and improving soil fertility. In addition, the effect of the fertilizer on improving the saline-alkali soil is also paid attention by people, the fertilizer adds nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into the soil, the growth of crops is promoted, and the salt tolerance of the crops is improved. The application of the fertilizer can change the salt composition of soil and inhibit the adverse effect of salt on plants. The inorganic fertilizer can increase the crop yield, increase the yield of the straw, enlarge the organic fertilizer source and promote the organic fertilizer by the inorganic fertilizer. Of course, when applying fertilizer to saline-alkali soil, it is preferable to avoid applying alkaline fertilizer such as ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate, lime nitrogen, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, etc., and neutral and acidic fertilizer are preferable. The potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is a subacid fertilizer, is suitable for being applied to saline-alkali soil, and has a good effect of improving the saline-alkali soil.
However, the improvement of the saline-alkali soil in the prior art needs to cost a great deal of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and the improvement effect is not satisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for improving saline-alkali soil based on irrigation.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for improving saline-alkali soil based on irrigation comprises
A fresh soil module on which crops are planted; adopting modularized placement, and irrigating through a ditch;
the saline-alkali soil module is positioned below the new soil module and is stored in a modularized manner, and irrigation water descends to irrigate the saline-alkali soil after passing through the new soil module;
the saline-alkali soil treatment device is positioned below the saline-alkali soil module and is used for receiving the irrigation water passing through the saline-alkali soil module; the saline-alkali soil treatment device lifts the saline-alkali soil module to expose the saline-alkali soil module on the water level surface of the site;
the loosening device is positioned on the saline-alkali soil treatment device and is used for loosening the saline-alkali soil module;
the cleaning device is used for conveying irrigation water stored in the saline-alkali treatment device;
and the output device is used for storing the irrigation water flowing out of the saline-alkali treatment device.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the new soil module comprises a plurality of new soil net cages which are prefabricated and store new soil for planting crops;
The outer side wall bottom of the new soil net cage is provided with a new soil outer side inclined plane, the bottom of the new soil net cage is provided with a new soil lower insertion cone, a new soil hanging lug part is arranged on the new soil net cage, and a new soil film support with a film covering the new soil is arranged on the new soil net cage;
the film on the new soil film support is provided with an opening for exposing growing crops, and the edge of the opening is provided with a new soil opening involutory clamping sleeve;
the periphery of the new soil net cage is provided with a new soil water covered channel, the edges of two sides of the new soil net cage are provided with new soil male sloping plates, and the new soil male sloping plates are connected with new soil male L-shaped frames;
the new soil mother L frames are arranged at the edges of the other two sides of the new soil net cage, and the new soil mother L frames are connected with new soil mother inclined planes;
a dead space is arranged at the dead space right angle of the fresh soil net cage, and a fresh soil water inlet channel is arranged at the dead space; the irrigation water enters the neutral position through the new soil water inlet channel;
the neutral position, the new soil male inclined plate and the new soil female L are erected above the new soil water passing underdrain;
and the irrigation water in the new soil water underdrain enters the new soil net box.
The saline-alkali soil module comprises a saline-alkali soil net cage for storing saline-alkali soil to be improved; saline-alkali soil seepage holes and saline-alkali soil loosening holes are distributed on the saline-alkali soil net cage;
The saline-alkali soil net cage receives irrigation water flowing out of the new soil water underdrain and/or the new soil net cage;
saline-alkali soil seepage holes for allowing irrigation water to fall through the saline-alkali soil net cage;
saline-alkali soil loosening hole for the irrigation water of whereabouts through saline-alkali soil box with a net for insert the ejector pin in order to loosen the soil to saline-alkali soil.
The saline-alkali treatment device comprises a bottom support frame with an n-shaped or square-shaped section; a through hole is arranged on the bottom support frame, and irrigation water falls from the saline-alkali soil net cage; a bottom guide channel is vertically arranged on the bottom support frame; a bottom lifting guide rod is arranged in the bottom guide channel, and a bottom limiting step is arranged on the bottom lifting guide rod;
the bottom limiting steps are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the bottom guide channel;
a bottom upper jacking step is arranged on the bottom lifting guide rod, and a bottom upper plug is arranged at the upper end of the bottom upper jacking step; the upper plug at the bottom is used for rising to a saline-alkali soil loosening hole to loosen the saline-alkali soil;
the bottom of the saline-alkali soil net cage is provided with a top step, and the lower surface of the saline-alkali soil net cage is intermittently lifted;
a process sink groove is formed in the bottom guide channel to accommodate the top step at the bottom; the lower end of the bottom lifting guide rod is provided with a bottom lower top cambered surface;
the bottom lower top cambered surface is used for contacting with the driving piece.
The loosening device comprises a plurality of loosening driving rollers arranged in the bottom supporting frame and a loosening eccentric cam arranged on the loosening driving rollers and is used for jacking the upper part, the bottom part and the lower part to push the cambered surface;
the loosening driving rollers are in transmission connection through a cleaning linkage belt;
the cleaning device comprises a cleaning linkage belt A which is arranged in the bottom supporting frame and is in synchronous transmission connection with the loosening device; the cleaning linkage belt A is connected with a cleaning driving shaft; the cleaning driving shaft is connected with the cleaning conveying belt; cleaning circulating stirring scrapers are distributed on the cleaning conveyor belt and used for outputting and storing irrigation water in a centralized manner.
The output device comprises an output feeding guide plate which is used for inputting irrigation water fed by stirring the scraping plate in a cleaning and circulating manner; an output storage heating pool of the current water level surface is arranged at the output end of the output feeding guide plate;
an output auger is arranged in the output storage heating pool, an output artificial solar/heat collector is arranged above the output storage heating pool, and an evaporation channel is arranged above the output storage heating pool; the output artificial solar/heat collector is used for irradiating the output storage heating pool.
A device for improving saline-alkali soil based on irrigation comprises a water absorption device arranged above a new soil module;
The water absorption device comprises a water absorption frame, a water absorption central shaft vertically arranged on the water absorption frame, a water absorption lower support arranged at the lower part of the water absorption central shaft, a water absorption swing rod with the lower end hinged on the water absorption lower support, a water absorption lower driving arm with the root part arranged on the water absorption central shaft, a water absorption sliding sleeve sliding on the water absorption swing rod and hinged on the end part of the water absorption lower driving arm, a water absorption sliding sleeve moving on the water absorption central shaft, a water absorption lower mast arranged between the water absorption sliding sleeve and the upper end part of the water absorption lower swing rod, a water absorption upper lifting seat in key connection with the upper part of the water absorption central shaft and connected with the water absorption sliding sleeve through a water absorption connecting frame, a water absorption upper driving arm and a water absorption upper mast with the root parts respectively hinged on the water absorption upper lifting seat, a water absorption fiber arranged between the water absorption lower mast and the water absorption upper mast, and a water absorption upper swing rod with the root part hinged on the water absorption upper lifting seat and the lower end part arranged on the water absorption upper mast, A water-absorbing upper sliding sleeve which is sleeved on the water-absorbing upper swing rod and is hinged with the end part of the water-absorbing upper driving arm, and a water-absorbing lower rotating gear which rotates on the water-absorbing central shaft and is connected with the water-absorbing lower support.
A method for improving saline-alkali soil based on irrigation, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of;
S1, firstly, measuring the water line of the saline-alkali soil area to be improved and demarcating the area; then, excavating the region by using an excavator to take out saline-alkali soil, screening the saline-alkali soil, and putting the saline-alkali soil into a saline-alkali soil net cage for later use; secondly, subpackaging the new soil into a new soil net cage for later use; thirdly, raising the bottom surface pad of the excavation region above the local water level line;
s2, firstly, arranging a saline-alkali treatment device, a loosening device and an output device in an excavation area; then, sequentially arranging a saline-alkali soil module and a new soil module above the saline-alkali treatment device, wherein a new soil male sloping plate, a new soil male L frame, an adjacent new soil female sloping surface and an adjacent new soil female L frame are in staggered lap joint, and a new soil lower insertion cone is inserted into saline-alkali soil of the saline-alkali soil module; secondly, covering a new soil film support on the new soil net cage, opening the film according to the growth position of crops, and closing the new soil opening by a closing clamping sleeve to engage the film opening;
s3, firstly, irrigation water enters a neutral position through a new soil water inlet channel and enters a new soil net cage through a new soil water passing underdrain; then, the irrigation water falls and flows out
S4, firstly, the irrigation water of S2 falls into a saline-alkali soil net box to absorb saline and alkali in the saline-alkali soil to form saline-alkali water; then, saline-alkali water flows out of the saline-alkali soil seepage holes and the saline-alkali soil loosening holes to the bottom support frame;
S5, firstly, driving a loosening eccentric cam by a loosening driving roller, and enabling the bottom of the upper top to be a lower top cambered surface; then, in the travel range limited by the bottom limiting step, the bottom lifting guide rod is lifted in the bottom guide channel, the plug on the bottom is lifted in the saline-alkali soil loosening hole to loosen the saline-alkali soil, and the top step on the bottom intermittently pushes the lower surface of the saline-alkali soil net cage to vibrate the saline-alkali soil net cage integrally;
s6, at the same time of S5, firstly, the cleaning linkage belt A drives the cleaning conveyor belt to rotate through the cleaning driving shaft; then cleaning and conveying to drive a cleaning circulation stirring scraper to rotate, and outputting and intensively storing irrigation water in an output storage heating pool;
s7, firstly, heating the output storage heating pool and/or outputting artificial solar energy/heat collector to irradiate the output storage heating pool, so as to evaporate water in the output storage heating pool, and make the solution become saturated solution and precipitate; then, the output auger outputs the precipitate.
A method for improving saline-alkali soil based on irrigation comprises the steps that when air humidity is larger than a set threshold value, firstly, a water absorption lower sliding sleeve drives a water absorption mast to swing outwards in a horizontal state through a water absorption lower sliding sleeve and a water absorption lower swing rod, and meanwhile, a water absorption upper lifting seat slides on a water absorption central shaft; then, the water absorption upper driving arm swings through the water absorption upper sliding sleeve and the water absorption upper swing rod to enable the water absorption upper mast to swing outwards in a horizontal state, so that the water absorption fibers are unfolded to absorb water in the air;
When the air humidity is lower than a set threshold value, firstly, the water absorption lower sliding sleeve drives the water absorption mast to swing and gather together through the water absorption lower sliding sleeve and the water absorption lower swing rod, and meanwhile, the water absorption upper lifting seat slides on the water absorption central shaft; then, the water absorption upper driving arm swings and gathers through the water absorption upper sliding sleeve and the water absorption upper swing rod, and the water absorption lower rotating gear drives the water absorption lower mast to rotate, so that a plurality of water absorption fibers are wound on the water absorption connecting frame and are squeezed by winding; the extruded water falls into the new soil water inlet channel.
The invention has the advantages of reasonable design, low cost, firmness, durability, safety, reliability, simple operation, time and labor saving, capital saving, compact structure and convenient use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the use structure of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the new soil module structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the saline-alkali earth module of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the saline-alkali treatment device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the use structure of the loosening device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the cleaning apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a new soil module; 2. a saline alkali soil module; 3. a saline-alkali treatment device; 4. a loosening device; 5. a cleaning device; 6. an output device; 7. a new soil net cage; 8. a new soil outer side inclined plane; 9. inserting a cone under the new soil; 10. hanging ear parts with new soil; 11. a new soil film support; 12. the new soil is opened and the clamping sleeve is closed; 13. carrying out water passage on new soil; 14. a new soil male sloping plate; 15. l-shaped new earthwork corps; 16. l-shaped new soil mother frames; 17. a new soil mother slope; 18. a new soil right angle; 19. a new soil water inlet channel; 20. saline-alkali soil net cages; 21. saline-alkali soil seepage holes; 22. saline-alkali soil loosening holes; 23. a bottom support frame; 24. a bottom guide channel; 25. a bottom lifting guide rod; 26. the bottom is provided with a top step; 27. a plug is arranged at the bottom; 28. a bottom limiting step; 29. a bottom lower top cambered surface; 30. loosening the driving roller; 31. loosening the eccentric cam; 32. cleaning the linkage belt; 33. cleaning the linkage belt A; 34. cleaning and circularly stirring the scraper; 35. outputting and feeding the material into a guide plate; 36. outputting a storage heating pool; 37. an output auger; 38. outputting artificial solar/heat collector; 39. an evaporation channel; 40. a water absorbing device; 41. a water-absorbing central shaft; 42. a water-absorbing lower support; 43. an underwater swing rod is sucked; 44. a water-absorbing lower driving arm; 45. an underwater suction sliding sleeve; 46. a water-absorbing lower mast; 47. an underwater suction sliding sleeve; 48. a water absorption connecting frame; 49. an upper water suction lifting seat; 50. a water-absorbing upper swing rod; 51. a water-absorbing upper driving arm; 52. a water-absorbing upper sliding sleeve; 53. a water-absorbing upper mast; 54. a water-absorbing fiber; 55. the gear is rotated under the suction water.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIGS. 1-6, the device for improving saline-alkali soil based on irrigation of the embodiment comprises
A fresh soil module 1 on which crops are planted; the modular arrangement is adopted, and irrigation is carried out through a water channel;
the saline-alkali soil module 2 is positioned below the new soil module 1 and is stored in a modularized mode, and irrigation water descends to irrigate saline-alkali soil after passing through the new soil module 1;
the saline-alkali soil treatment device 3 is positioned below the saline-alkali soil module 2 and is used for receiving the irrigation water passing through the saline-alkali soil module 2; the saline-alkali soil treatment device 3 lifts the saline-alkali soil module 2 to expose the saline-alkali soil module on the water level surface of the site;
the loosening device 4 is positioned on the saline-alkali soil treatment device 3 and is used for loosening the saline-alkali soil module 2;
the cleaning device 5 is used for conveying irrigation water stored in the saline-alkali treatment device 3;
and the output device 6 is used for storing the irrigation water flowing out of the saline-alkali treatment device 3.
The new soil module 1 comprises a plurality of new soil net cages 7 in which new soil for planting crops is prefabricated;
a new soil outer side inclined plane 8 is arranged at the bottom of the outer side wall of the new soil net cage 7, a new soil lower insertion cone 9 is arranged at the bottom of the new soil net cage 7, a new soil hanging lug part 10 is arranged on the new soil net cage 7, and a new soil film bracket 11 with a film covering the new soil is arranged on the new soil net cage 7;
The film on the new soil film bracket 11 is provided with an opening for exposing growing crops, and the edge of the opening is provided with a new soil opening involutory clamping sleeve 12;
a new soil water passage underdrain 13 is arranged around the new soil net cage 7, new soil swash plates 14 are arranged at the edges of two sides of the new soil net cage 7, and a new soil male L frame 15 is connected to the new soil swash plates 14;
the new soil mother L-shaped frame 16 is arranged on the edges of the other two sides of the new soil net cage 7, and a new soil mother inclined plane 17 is connected to the new soil mother L-shaped frame 16;
a dead space is arranged at a dead space right angle 18 of the fresh soil net cage 7, and a fresh soil water inlet channel 19 is arranged at the dead space; irrigation water enters the neutral position through the new soil water inlet channel 19;
the neutral position, the new soil male sloping plate 14 and the new soil female L frame 16 are arranged above the new soil water covered channel 13;
the irrigation water in the new soil water underdrain 13 enters the new soil net cage 7.
The saline-alkali soil module 2 comprises a saline-alkali soil net cage 20 for storing saline-alkali soil to be improved; saline-alkali soil seepage holes 21 and saline-alkali soil loosening holes 22 are distributed on the saline-alkali soil net cage 20;
the saline-alkali soil net cage 20 receives irrigation water flowing out of the new soil water underdrain 13 and/or the new soil net cage 7;
saline-alkali soil seepage holes 21 for allowing irrigation water to fall through the saline-alkali soil net cage 20;
saline-alkali soil loosening holes 22 are used for the irrigation water of the falling saline-alkali soil net cage 20 and used for inserting the ejector rods to loosen the soil of the saline-alkali soil.
The saline-alkali treatment device 3 comprises a bottom support frame 23 with an n-shaped or square-shaped section; a through hole is arranged on the bottom support frame 23, and irrigation water falls from the saline-alkali soil net cage 20; a bottom guide channel 24 is vertically arranged on the bottom support frame 23; a bottom lifting guide rod 25 is arranged in the bottom guide channel 24, and a bottom limiting step 28 is arranged on the bottom lifting guide rod 25;
the bottom limiting steps 28 are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the bottom guide channel 24;
a bottom upper top step 26 is arranged on the bottom lifting guide rod 25, and a bottom upper plug 27 is arranged at the upper end of the bottom upper top step 26; the upper bottom plug 27 is used for rising to the saline-alkali soil loosening hole 22 to loosen saline-alkali soil;
the bottom is provided with a top step 26 which intermittently pushes the lower surface of the saline-alkali soil net cage 20;
a process sink is provided in the bottom guide channel 24 to accommodate the bottom upper top step 26; the lower end of the bottom lifting guide rod 25 is provided with a bottom lower top cambered surface 29;
the bottom lower top cambered surface 29 is used for contacting with the driving piece.
The loosening device 4 comprises a plurality of loosening driving rollers 30 arranged in the bottom supporting frame 23 and a loosening eccentric cam 31 arranged on the loosening driving rollers 30 and used for pushing up the bottom part and pushing down the arc surface 29;
a plurality of loosening driving rollers 30 are in transmission connection through a cleaning linkage belt 32;
The cleaning device 5 comprises a cleaning linkage belt A33 which is arranged in the bottom support frame 23 and is synchronously connected with the loosening device 4 in a transmission way; the cleaning linkage belt A33 is connected with a cleaning driving shaft; the cleaning driving shaft is connected with the cleaning conveying belt; cleaning circulation stirring scrapers 34 are distributed on the cleaning conveyor belt and used for outputting and intensively storing irrigation water.
The output device 6 comprises an output feeding guide plate 35 for inputting irrigation water fed by the cleaning circulation stirring scraper 34; an output storage heating pool 36 of the ground water level surface is arranged at the output end of the output feeding guide plate 35;
an output auger 37 is arranged in the output storage heating pool 36, an output artificial solar/heat collector 38 is arranged above the output storage heating pool 36, and an evaporation channel 39 is arranged above the output storage heating pool 36; an output artificial solar/thermal collector 38 is used to illuminate the output storage heating reservoir 36.
The device for improving the saline-alkali soil based on irrigation comprises a water absorption device 40 arranged above a new soil module 1;
the water absorption device 40 comprises a water absorption frame, a water absorption central shaft 41 vertically arranged on the water absorption frame, a water absorption lower support 42 arranged at the lower part of the water absorption central shaft 41, a water absorption swing rod 43 with the lower end hinged on the water absorption lower support 42, a water absorption lower driving arm 44 with the root part arranged on the water absorption central shaft 41, a water absorption sliding sleeve 45 sliding on the water absorption swing rod 43 and hinged on the end part of the water absorption lower driving arm 44, a water absorption sliding sleeve 47 moving on the water absorption central shaft 41, a water absorption lower mast 46 arranged between the water absorption lower sliding sleeve 47 and the upper end part of the water absorption lower swing rod 43, a water absorption upper lifting seat 49 in key connection and lifting above the water absorption central shaft 41 and connected with the water absorption sliding sleeve 47 through a water absorption connecting frame 48, a water absorption upper driving arm 51 and a water absorption upper mast 53 with the root parts hinged on the water absorption upper lifting seat 49 respectively, and a water absorption fiber 54 arranged between the water absorption upper mast 46 and the water absorption upper mast 53, An upper water absorption swing rod 50 with the upper root part hinged on the water absorption lifting seat 49 and the lower end part arranged on the water absorption upper mast 53, a water absorption upper sliding sleeve 52 sleeved on the water absorption swing rod 50 and hinged with the end part of the water absorption upper driving arm 51 and a water absorption lower rotating gear 55 rotating on the water absorption central shaft 41 and connected with the water absorption lower support 42.
The saline-alkali land improving method based on irrigation of the embodiment is assisted by an apparatus for improving saline-alkali land based on irrigation, and comprises the following steps;
s1, firstly, measuring the water level line of the saline-alkali soil area to be improved and demarcating the area; then, excavating the region by using an excavator to take out saline-alkali soil, screening the saline-alkali soil, and putting the screened saline-alkali soil into the saline-alkali soil net cage 20 for later use; secondly, the fresh soil is subpackaged into a fresh soil net cage 7 for standby; thirdly, raising the bottom surface of the excavation region above the local water level line;
s2, firstly, arranging a saline-alkali treatment device 3, a loosening device 4 and an output device 6 in an excavation area; then, sequentially arranging a saline-alkali soil module 2 and a new soil module 1 above the saline-alkali soil treatment device 3, wherein a new soil male sloping plate 14, a new soil male L-shaped frame 15, an adjacent new soil female sloping surface 17 and an adjacent new soil female L-shaped frame 16 are in staggered lap joint, and a new soil lower insertion cone 9 is inserted into saline-alkali soil of the saline-alkali soil module 2; secondly, covering a new soil film bracket 11 on the new soil net cage 7, opening the film according to the growth position of the crops, and closing the new soil opening closing sleeve 12 to close the film opening;
s3, firstly, irrigation water enters the neutral position through the new soil water inlet channel 19 and enters the new soil net cage 7 through the new soil water passing underdrain 13; then, the irrigation water falls and flows out
S4, firstly, the irrigation water of the S2 falls into the saline-alkali soil net cage 20 to absorb saline and alkali in the saline-alkali soil to form saline-alkali water; then, the saline-alkali water flows out of the saline-alkali soil seepage holes 21 and the saline-alkali soil loosening holes 22 to the bottom support frame 23;
s5, firstly, driving the loosening eccentric cam 31 by the loosening driving roller 30, and pushing the upper top bottom part and the lower top cambered surface 29; then, in the stroke range limited by the bottom limiting step 28, the bottom lifting guide rod 25 is lifted in the bottom guide channel 24, the plug 27 on the bottom is lifted in the saline-alkali soil loosening hole 22 to loosen the saline-alkali soil, and the top step 26 on the bottom intermittently pushes up the lower surface of the saline-alkali soil net cage 20 to vibrate the saline-alkali soil net cage 20 integrally;
s6, at the same time of S5, firstly, the cleaning linked belt A33 drives the cleaning conveyor belt to rotate through the cleaning driving shaft; then, cleaning transmission drives a cleaning circulation stirring scraper 34 to rotate, and irrigation water is output and stored in an output storage heating pool 36 in a centralized manner;
s7, firstly, heating the output storage heating pool 36 and/or irradiating the output storage heating pool 36 by the output artificial solar/heat collector 38 to evaporate the water in the output storage heating pool 36 so as to enable the solution to become saturated solution and precipitate; then, the output auger 37 outputs the precipitate.
In the method for improving saline-alkali soil based on irrigation of the embodiment, when the air humidity is greater than the set threshold, firstly, the water absorption sliding sleeve 47 drives the water absorption mast 46 to swing out of the horizontal state through the water absorption sliding sleeve 45 and the water absorption lower swing rod 43, and meanwhile, the water absorption upper lifting seat 49 slides on the water absorption central shaft 41; then, the water absorption upper driving arm 51 swings through the water absorption upper sliding sleeve 52 and the water absorption upper swing rod 50, so that the water absorption upper mast 53 swings outwards in a horizontal state, and the water absorption fiber 54 is unfolded to absorb water in the air;
when the air humidity is lower than the set threshold, firstly, the water absorption sliding sleeve 47 drives the water absorption lower mast 46 to swing and gather together through the water absorption sliding sleeve 45 and the water absorption lower swing rod 43, and meanwhile, the water absorption upper lifting seat 49 slides on the water absorption central shaft 41; then, the water absorption upper driving arm 51 swings and gathers through the water absorption upper sliding sleeve 52 and the water absorption upper swing rod 50, and the water absorption lower rotating gear 55 drives the water absorption lower mast 46 to rotate, so that a plurality of water absorption fibers 54 are wound on the water absorption connecting frame 48, and water squeezing is carried out through winding; the squeeze water falls into the fresh soil intake channel 19.
The invention is particularly suitable for areas with high humidity, such as basins, seasides and rivers, for example, areas such as Peru in south America and the like. The new soil module 1 realizes planting improvement, the saline alkali soil module 2 realizes scouring through irrigation water, the whole part is broken into parts through the modules so as to be quickly replaced, an acid-base detector, a humidity detector and the like are arranged in the new soil module, the soil is too high by the saline alkali soil treatment device 3, the loosening device 4 realizes loosening soil for saline alkali soil, the cleaning device 5 concentrates saline alkali, the output device 6 realizes crystal precipitation output, the outer inclined plane 8 of the new soil generates neutral space so as to store water, of course, ox horn belt can be used for replacing belt, the new soil insert cone 9 realizes quick fixation, the new soil hanger part 10 is convenient to hoist, the new soil thin film bracket 11 realizes support and avoids damage, the opening of the new soil is prevented from being torn by closing the clamp sleeve 12, the replacement can be reminded according to a circuit, the new soil water channel 13 avoids water evaporation, the new soil common inclined plate 14 and the new soil common L bracket 15, the new soil mother L frame 16, the new soil mother inclined plane 17 avoids the gap between sundries, stones and soil, the disassembly and the assembly are inconvenient, the right angle 18 of the new soil is utilized to realize the water passing of a new soil water inlet channel 19, the saline-alkali soil net cage 20 is modularly stored, saline-alkali soil seepage holes 21 flow out step by step, the bottom lifting guide rod 25 realizes the guide, the top step 26 on the bottom does not contact with meshes at the descending end point, the plug 27 on the bottom adopts the arc manufacturability good, the bottom lower top arc surface 29 is convenient to guide, the loosening driving roller 30 realizes the driving, the lifting driving is realized through the loosening eccentric cam 31, the cleaning linkage belt 32 realizes the transmission, the cleaning linkage belt A33 realizes the synchronization, the cleaning circulation stirs the scraper 34 to quickly concentrate the water, the output is sent into the guide plate 35 to shield sundries from being mixed, the output storage heating pool 36 realizes the heating drying, the output auger 37 realizes the output, the artificial solar energy/heat collector 38 is in the meaning of the same or the meaning of the same, the evaporation channel 39 increases the evaporation area, and when raining, the water absorption device 40 realizes the fiber opening water absorption through connection by passing through a cover plate or an automatic upper cover, and then gathers and squeezes water for irrigation.
The present invention has been described in sufficient detail for clarity of disclosure and is not exhaustive of the prior art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; it is obvious as a person skilled in the art to combine several aspects of the invention. And such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A saline-alkali soil improvement method based on irrigation is characterized in that: an apparatus for improving saline-alkali soil by means of irrigation, the method comprising;
s1, firstly, measuring the water level line of the saline-alkali soil area to be improved and demarcating the area; then, excavating the region by an excavator to take out saline-alkali soil, screening the saline-alkali soil, and putting the saline-alkali soil into a saline-alkali soil net cage (20) for later use; secondly, the new soil is subpackaged into a new soil net box (7) for standby; thirdly, raising the bottom surface of the excavation region above the local water level line;
S2, firstly, arranging a saline-alkali treatment device (3), a loosening device (4) and an output device (6) in an excavated area; then, saline-alkali soil modules (2) and new soil modules (1) are sequentially arranged above the saline-alkali soil treatment device (3), wherein a new soil male sloping plate (14) and a new soil male L frame (15) are in staggered lap joint with an adjacent new soil female sloping surface (17) and a new soil female L frame (16), and a new soil lower insertion cone (9) is inserted into saline-alkali soil of the saline-alkali soil modules (2); secondly, a new soil film bracket (11) is covered on the new soil net box (7), an opening is formed in the film according to the growth position of the crops, and the new soil opening involution clamping sleeve (12) is involuted to occlude the film opening;
s3, firstly, irrigation water enters a neutral position through a new soil water inlet channel (19) and enters a new soil net cage (7) through a new soil water passing underdrain (13); then, the irrigation water falls and flows out
S4, firstly, the irrigation water of S2 falls into the saline-alkali soil net cage (20) to absorb saline alkali in the saline-alkali soil to form saline-alkali water; then, saline-alkali water flows out of the saline-alkali soil seepage holes (21) and the saline-alkali soil loosening holes (22) to the bottom support frame (23);
s5, firstly, the loosening driving roller (30) drives the loosening eccentric cam (31), and the upper top bottom part and the lower top arc surface (29) are pressed; then, in the travel range limited by the bottom limiting step (28), the bottom lifting guide rod (25) lifts in the bottom guide channel (24), the bottom upper plug (27) lifts in the saline-alkali soil loosening hole (22) to loosen the saline-alkali soil, and the bottom upper top step (26) intermittently pushes the lower surface of the saline-alkali soil net cage (20) to vibrate the saline-alkali soil net cage (20) integrally;
S6, at the same time of S5, firstly, the cleaning linkage belt A (33) drives the cleaning conveyor belt to rotate through the cleaning driving shaft; then, cleaning and conveying drive cleaning circulation stirring scrapers (34) to rotate, and irrigation water is output and stored in an output storage heating pool (36) in a centralized manner;
s7, firstly, heating the output storage heating pool (36) and/or outputting artificial solar energy/heat collector (38) to irradiate the output storage heating pool (36), so as to evaporate the water in the output storage heating pool (36) and make the solution become saturated solution and precipitate; then, an output auger (37) outputs the precipitate.
2. The method for modifying a saline-alkali soil based on irrigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the air humidity is larger than a set threshold value, firstly, the water absorption lower sliding sleeve (47) drives the water absorption lower mast (46) to swing outwards in a horizontal state through the water absorption lower sliding sleeve (45) and the water absorption lower swing rod (43), and meanwhile, the water absorption upper lifting seat (49) slides on the water absorption central shaft (41); then, the water absorption upper driving arm (51) swings through the water absorption upper sliding sleeve (52) and the water absorption upper swing rod (50) to enable the water absorption upper mast (53) to swing outwards in a horizontal state, so that the water absorption fiber (54) is unfolded to absorb water in the air; when the air humidity is smaller than a set threshold value, firstly, the water absorption lower mast (46) is driven by the water absorption lower sliding sleeve (45) and the water absorption lower swing rod (43) to swing and gather together by the water absorption lower sliding sleeve (47), and meanwhile, the water absorption upper lifting seat (49) slides on the water absorption central shaft (41); then, the water absorption upper driving arm (51) swings and gathers together through the water absorption upper sliding sleeve (52) and the water absorption upper swing rod (50), and the water absorption rotary gear (55) drives the water absorption mast (46) to rotate, so that a plurality of water absorption fibers (54) are wound on the water absorption connecting frame (48), and water is squeezed through winding; the squeezed water falls into a new soil water inlet channel (19).
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