CN112162100A - 检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用 - Google Patents
检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医学技术领域，具体涉及一种检测TNF‑α(肿瘤坏死因子α)的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用。本发明通过构建COPD大鼠模型，明确COPD大鼠模型中TNF‑α水平的变化趋势，通过比较肝素雾化吸入和对照组，明确了肝素雾化吸入后TNF‑α水平的变化，证实TNF‑α水平可作为COPD的诊断/治疗指标，给COPD的检测提供了新的途径，为抗COPD药物的研发提供了指标参考。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学技术领域，具体涉及一种检测TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子α)的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用。
背景技术
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Clironic obstructive pulmonary disease，简称COPD) 是呼吸系统的常见病，其发病率及死亡率逐年增高。目前对该病的发病机制尚未十分清楚，但普遍认为炎症细胞及其细胞因子在发病过程中起重要作用。肝素是一种具有多种生物活性和药理作用的物质，除了显著的抗凝血、抗血栓作用外，还具有多种非抗凝特性，包括抗炎、降低气道阻力、免疫调节、抑制细胞增殖等。
已有研究采用放射免疫法测定COPD大鼠模型血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6) 和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的浓度，结果显示，肝素的雾化吸入和降低COPD大鼠血清中IL-6、IL-8水平，对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗研究具有重要作用。
但是，炎症过程引起的物质变化不只IL-6、IL-8水平，不同因素引起的验证可能导致体内不同生命物质含量发生变化。当IL-6、IL-8水平变化不明显时，需要开发新的COPD相关检测指标。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用。
本发明的目的是提供一种检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用。
优选的，上述检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用，将检测TNF-α的物质用于制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型诊断或治疗试剂。
优选的，上述检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用，慢性阻塞性肺疾病动物模型的血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-8、TNF- α含量均升高。
优选的，上述检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用，所述诊断或治疗试剂能与TNF-α结合，并降低机体炎症反应。
优选的，上述检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用，慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型的血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-8、TNF-α含量均升高。
优选的，上述检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用，所述诊断或治疗试剂能与TNF-α结合，并降低机体炎症反应。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用，具有以下有益效果：
本发明通过构建COPD大鼠模型，明确COPD大鼠模型中TNF-α水平的变化趋势。通过比较肝素雾化吸入和对照组，明确了肝素雾化吸入后TNF-α水平的变化。证实TNF-α水平可作为COPD的诊断/治疗指标。给COPD的检测提供了新的途径，为抗COPD药物的研发提供了指标参考。
附图说明
图1为本发明不同实验组肺组织的光镜图(×400)；
图2为本发明不同实验组肺组织的电镜图(×10000)；
图1～2中，A～D分别是对照组、COPD大鼠模型组、肝素高剂量组、肝素低剂量组。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案能予以实施，下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明通过构建COPD大鼠模型，明确COPD大鼠模型中TNF-α水平的变化趋势。通过比较肝素雾化吸入和对照组，明确了肝素雾化吸入后TNF-α水平的变化。证实TNF-α水平可作为COPD的诊断/治疗指标。因此，本发明提供了一种检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用。
实验例1COPD大鼠模型及对照组和肝素干预组的构建
1、主要试剂：大前门牌长过滤嘴香烟(上海卷烟厂，烤烟型，焦油量：15 mg/支，烟气烟碱量：1.1mg/支)。脂多糖(冻干粉，美国Sigma公司，批号： L2880，规格：每瓶10mg)。
2、动物：健康SD大鼠，鼠龄12周，体重260-300g，雌雄不限，由辽宁医学院实验动物中心提供，合格证号：SCXK(辽)2008-0007。
3、方法：
将大鼠随机均分为4组，每组10只。
对照组：正常环境下饲养。第1天、14天用生理盐水200μL注入气道中。第8天起雾化吸入生理盐水4mL，每日下午1次，每次20min，共3周。
COPD大鼠模型组：于第1天、14天气管内注射脂多糖200μg/200μL，其余每天上午在自制吸烟染毒箱(长70cm×宽50cm×高50cm，右上方带有1.5 cm×1.5cm通气孔)内熏香烟2次；每次14支，其中每吸烟1h，停lh后再继续吸烟1h；从第8天起按照对照组的量雾化吸入生理盐水，共3周。
肝素高、低剂量组：与COPD大鼠模型的过程基本相同，区别在于，从第8 天起雾化分别再吸入肝素12500u/4mL(高剂量)和6250u/4mL(低剂量)。每日下午1次，每次20min，共3周。
实验例2收集标本和观察指标
1、方法：
末次给药后将各组大鼠麻醉，解剖分离下腔静脉，抽取静脉血5mL，于4℃、 4000r/min离心10min，分离血清。采用放射免疫法，按试剂盒操作步骤检测IL-8、TNF-α水平。另取静脉血1mL进行白细胞计数。取静脉血1滴，统计中性粒细胞数及其所占白细胞数总数的比例。
处死大鼠，暴露出气管和双肺，结扎右主支气管，在隆突上用套管针穿刺至左肺，以5mL生理盐水分2次灌洗左肺，每次反复回抽3次。灌洗液用纱布过滤，回收率80％～90％。将收集到的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)离心，收集下部2mL左右液体，混匀，检测BALF中IL-8、TNF-α水平和白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数及其所占白细胞总数比例。
松开结扎的右主支气管，将毛细玻璃管固定于右主支气管内，向右肺内注入体积分数10％中性福尔马林溶液，固定24h，同时将隆突上2～3mm处的气管置于10％中性福尔马林溶液中固定24h。取中叶肺组织1mm大小，置于体积分数4％戊二醛中，制作成病理标本切片及透射电镜超薄场片，进行病理形态观察。
2、结果分析
(1)白细胞及分类计数
各组大鼠血清和BALF中白细胞及分类计数见表1～2。表1～2中与对照组相比，*P<0.05,**P<0.01；与COPD大鼠模型组相比，aP<0.05，bP<0.01。
与对照组比较，模型组和肝素低、高剂量组血清和BALF中白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数及其所占白细胞总数比例均明显增加(P<0.05)。与COPD大鼠模型组比较，肝素高剂量组血清和BALF中白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数及其所占白细胞总数比例均明显减少(P<0.05)，肝素低剂量组上述指标均无明显差异。
表1各组大鼠血清中白细胞及分类计数
表2各组大鼠BALF中白细胞及分类计数
(2)IL-8和TNF-α含量水平检测
血清和BALF中IL-8和TNF-α含量水平如表3～4所示。表3、4中，与对照组相比，*P<0.05,**P<0.01；与COPD大鼠模型组相比，aP<0.05，bP<0.01。
与对照组比较，COPD大鼠模型组和肝素低剂量组血清和BALF中IL-8、 TNF-α含量水平均明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)，肝素高剂量组上述指标均无明显差异(P>0.05)。与COPD大鼠模型组比较，肝素高剂量组血清和BALF 中IL-8及TNF-α含量水平均明显降低(P<0.05)，肝素低剂量组上述指标均无明显差异(P>0.05)。
表3各组大鼠血清中IL-8、TNF-α含量水平
表4各组大鼠BALF中IL-8、TNF-α含量水平
(3)光镜观察结果，参见图1：
正常对照组：大鼠正常气管及各级支气管上皮纤毛丰富、排列整齐，在纤毛细胞间夹杂有少数杯状细胞，肺泡结构完整，优势泡间隔无破坏。
COPD大鼠模型组：大鼠气管及各级支气管可见不同程度的炎症细胞(淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞)浸润，黏膜上皮可见纤毛倒伏、粘连或脱落，纤毛细胞可见变性、坏死或脱落，杯状细胞明显增多、胞体增大；周边肺组织普遍存在小叶中央型肺气肿，表现为肺泡结构紊乱、肺泡壁变薄断裂、肺泡腔扩大、部分融合为肺大泡。
肝素高剂量组：与COPD大鼠模型组比较，大鼠肺组织炎症细胞浸润减少，支气管黏膜上皮纤毛脱落及肺泡壁变薄，断裂等损伤现象有所改善；但与对照组比较，仍具有慢性支气管炎、肺气肿的病理特点。肝素低剂量组：与COPD 大鼠模型组组比较，上述改变无明显差异。
(4)电镜观察结果，参见图2：
对照组：气管、支气管黏膜上皮细胞纤毛排列整齐、无脱落，肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞胞浆内有大量的板层体和线粒体，板层体胞核结构清晰；微绒毛排列整齐，结构完整。
COPD大鼠模型组：Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞增生，板层小体排空，线粒体肿胀，空泡变性，内质网扩张，核固缩，表面纤毛减少脱落。
肝素高剂量组：与COPD大鼠模型组比较，Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞线粒体肿胀、板层小体排空等损伤有所改善；但与对照组比较，支气管和肺泡上皮细胞超微结构仍有病理改变。肝素低剂量组：与COPD大鼠模型组比较，上述改变无明显差异。
上述研究结果显示：吸烟和反复下呼吸道感染是COPD发生发展的主要原因。烟草中含焦油、尼古丁、氢氤酸等化学物质，可损伤气道上皮细胞，使纤毛运动减退、巨噬细胞功能降低、气道净化能力下降，容易继发感染。内毒素是革兰阴性菌细胞壁外膜的主要致病成分，它可刺激多形核白细胞(PMN)释放中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)，破坏肺泡内皮细胞、上皮细胞和基底膜的完整性。本发明实验例的COPD大鼠模型组大鼠的气管、支气管及肺组织有明显的慢性支气管炎、肺气肿的特征性病理改变，证明本实验COPD大鼠造模是成功的。
COPD大鼠模型组血清及BALF中白细胞计数及IL-8、TNF-α水平明显高于对照组，提示上述2种细胞因子与COPD气道炎症及其病理改变密切相关；肝素高剂量组血清及BALF中白细胞计数及IL-8、TNF-α水平均低于模型组，表明该药具有一定的抑制COPD气道炎症的作用；肺组织病理组织学观察也表明，该药能阻滞模型大鼠气道炎症及其结构改变。
IL-8和TNF-α作为炎症促进因子，在COPD气道炎症反应中起重要作用 IL-8是选择性中性粒细胞趋化因子凹，能够趋化激活中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞等炎症细胞。使激活的中性粒细胞合成释放IL-8、TNF-α等细胞因子和炎症介质，进一步加重COPD气道炎症反应，加重肺组织与气道结构的病理损害，形成符合COPD病理特点的形态变化。在COPD气道炎症中，TNF-α可促进炎症细胞黏附、游走和浸润，迅速引起肺损伤；能诱导血管内皮细胞表达黏附分子，并能诱导气道上皮细胞和中性粒细胞生成IL-8。
肝素主要通过与选择素和白细胞黏附分子的竞争结合抑制白细胞沿血管内皮滚动，抑制PMN细胞的趋化和聚集，从而抑制炎症的初始过程；与多种细胞因子包括TNF-α、IL-8等紧密结合，抑制硫酸乙酰肝素对这些因子的捕获，降低这些因子的生物活性，进一步抑制内皮细胞与白细胞的强黏附过程；抑制补体激活级联放大系统的早期步骤，限制炎症细胞的活化及组织破坏修复，发挥减轻炎症的作用。
需要说明的是，本发明中涉及数值范围时，应理解为每个数值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间任何一个数值均可选用，由于采用的步骤方法与实施例相同，为了防止赘述，本发明描述了优选的实施例。尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (4)
1.一种检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用，其特征在于，将检测TNF-α的物质用于制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病动物模型诊断或治疗试剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用，其特征在于，慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型的血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-8、TNF-α含量均升高。
4.根据权利要求1所述的检测TNF-α的物质在制备慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断或治疗试剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述诊断或治疗试剂能与TNF-α结合，并降低机体炎症反应。
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