CN112143126A - Pvc地板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

Pvc地板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112143126A
CN112143126A CN202010889222.9A CN202010889222A CN112143126A CN 112143126 A CN112143126 A CN 112143126A CN 202010889222 A CN202010889222 A CN 202010889222A CN 112143126 A CN112143126 A CN 112143126A
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pvc floor
core layer
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pvc
floor according
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郭俊凡
顾丽丽
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Shandong Xindidan Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于PVC型材技术领域，具体的涉及一种PVC地板及其制备方法。包括芯层和皮层，芯层原料由聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅰ、尼龙短纤维、发泡剂、发泡调节剂、赤泥、热稳定剂、增塑剂、偶联剂和润滑剂组成；皮层原料由聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅱ、填料、黄金尾矿、抗冲改性剂、抗氧化剂、偶联剂、热稳定剂和润滑剂组成。本发明所述的PVC地板，采用赤泥和黄金尾矿等作为原料，在大大降低生产成本的同时，减少了固废处理压力，为尾矿的再利用提供了新的途径，制备的地板富有弹性、耐磨性好、安全环保、尺寸变化率低、使用寿命长；所述的制备方法，不需要格外对生产设备进行改进，制备工艺简单，易于实施，制备的地板的性能优异。

Description

PVC地板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于PVC型材技术领域，具体的涉及一种PVC地板及其制备方法。
背景技术
PVC地板是当今世界上非常流行的一种新型轻体地面装饰材料，也称为“轻体地材”，是一种在欧美及亚洲的日韩广受欢迎的产品，风靡国外，从80年代初开始进入中国市场，至今在国内的大中城市已经得到普遍的认可，使用非常广泛，比如家庭、医院、学校、办公楼、工厂、公共场所、超市、商业、体育场馆等各种场所。
“PVC地板”是指采用聚氯乙烯材料生产的地板，具体就是以聚氯乙烯及其共聚树脂为主要原料，加入填充料、增塑剂、稳定剂、着色剂等辅料，在片(块)状或一定长度卷材基材上，经涂敷工艺或经压延、挤出或挤压工艺生产而成。PVC地板也是一种环保和完全可再回收利用的材料，在我国保护森林“以塑代木”的大背景下有着十分重要的意义。
PVC共挤发泡板材，是采用两台挤出机对着一副模具共同挤出，一台挤出不发泡的PVC熔体作为板材的面料，另一台挤出机则挤出PVC发泡料作为芯层，经模具挤出后，形成上下表面为不发泡的硬PVC面，芯层为发泡的PVC夹层，这种板材表面硬度及光洁度好，但是存在整体结构稳定性不足，在使用过程中，容易因热胀冷缩引起地板尺寸变化，抗污性差，表面划痕严重的情况。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种PVC地板，该PVC地板硬度高、抗冲击强度高及尺寸变化率小；本发明同时提供了其制备方法。
本发明所述的PVC地板，包括芯层和皮层，芯层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure BDA0002656430810000011
Figure BDA0002656430810000021
皮层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure BDA0002656430810000022
其中：
芯层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅰ为SG-8型，SG-8型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为700-750。
尼龙短纤维为PA-6，所述的PA-6短纤维长径比为200-220。
发泡剂为环己烷、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼或偶氮二异丁腈中的一种或几种。
发泡调节剂为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯或者丙烯酸丁酯中的一种或几种。
赤泥的化学组成为SiO2 12-15％、Al2O3 30-33％、Fe2O3 7-9％、CaO 20-23％、MgO0.5-2％、TiO2 2-4％、K2O 1-1.5％、Na2O 3-5.5％以及烧失量15-18％。
增塑剂为聚2-甲基丁二酸丁二醇酯、三-(辛氧基羰基乙基)异氰脲酸酯或甘油三醋酸酯中的至少两种，优选聚2-甲基丁二酸丁二醇酯与甘油三醋酸酯的混合物。
皮层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅱ为SG-5型，SG-5型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为1000-1100。
皮层中所述的填料为膨胀珍珠岩粉，所述的膨胀珍珠岩粉的粒度为50-60目，膨胀珍珠岩粉的化学组成为SiO2 70-75％、Fe2O3 2.5-3％、CaO 2-3％、KO2 4-5％、Al2O3 10-14％、NaO2 2.5-5％、MgO 0.5-0.8％以及烧失量2-3％。
黄金尾矿以质量分数计，化学组成为SiO2 65-68.5％、Al2O3 15-18％、K2O 4-7％、Na2O 2-3.5％、CaO 1-3％、MgO 0.2-0.8％、Fe2O3 1-2.6％、TiO2 0.1-0.5％以及微量的二氧化锆、氧化锌和氧化钡。
抗冲改性剂为乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和氯化聚乙烯的混合物。
抗氧化剂为2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷与亚磷酸酯的混合物。
芯层与皮层中的热稳定剂成分相同，所述的热稳定剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钡或硬脂酸锌中的一种或几种，优选硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸镁的混合物。
芯层与皮层中的偶联剂成分相同，所述的偶联剂为γ-缩水甘油基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酸或聚醚硅油中的一种或几种。
芯层与皮层中的润滑剂成分相同，所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸、聚乙烯蜡或费托蜡中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的PVC地板的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
(1)将芯层原料于高速混合机中，加热到130-135℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(2)将皮层原料于高速混合机中，加热到135-140℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(2)得到的待用料分别上料至双螺杆挤出机中进行塑化加工，加工完毕后进入合流芯，经分配器分流至共挤模具，熔融物料离模发泡膨胀后经定型冷却及后处理即得到PVC地板。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明所述的PVC地板，采用赤泥和黄金尾矿等作为原料，在大大降低生产成本的同时，减少了固废处理压力，为尾矿的再利用提供了新的途径，制备的地板富有弹性、耐磨性好、安全环保、尺寸变化率低、使用寿命长。
(2)本发明所述的PVC地板的制备方法，不需要格外对生产设备进行改进，制备工艺简单，易于实施，制备的地板的性能优异。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
本实施例1所述的PVC地板，包括芯层和皮层，芯层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure BDA0002656430810000031
Figure BDA0002656430810000041
皮层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure BDA0002656430810000042
其中：
芯层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅰ为SG-8型，SG-8型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为700-750。
尼龙短纤维为PA-6，所述的PA-6短纤维长径比为200。
发泡剂为4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼。
发泡调节剂为甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
赤泥的化学组成为SiO2 13％、Al2O3 31％、Fe2O3 8％、CaO 23％、MgO 0.5％、TiO23％、K2O 1.5％、Na2O 4.5％以及烧失量15.5％。
增塑剂为三-(辛氧基羰基乙基)异氰脲酸酯与聚2-甲基丁二酸丁二醇酯的混合物。
皮层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅱ为SG-5型，SG-5型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为1000-1100。
皮层中所述的填料为膨胀珍珠岩粉，所述的膨胀珍珠岩粉的粒度为60目，膨胀珍珠岩粉的化学组成为SiO2 74％、Fe2O3 2.5％、CaO 2.5％、KO2 4％、Al2O3 10％、NaO23.5％、MgO 0.8％以及烧失量2.7％。
黄金尾矿以质量分数计，化学组成为SiO2 67.5％、Al2O3 17.5％、K2O 6％、Na2O2.5％、CaO 1％、MgO 0.6％、Fe2O3 1.8％、TiO2 0.3％以及微量的二氧化锆、氧化锌和氧化钡。
抗冲改性剂为乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和氯化聚乙烯的混合物。
抗氧化剂为2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷与亚磷酸酯的混合物。
芯层与皮层中的热稳定剂成分相同，所述的热稳定剂为硬脂酸钙与硬脂酸镁的混合物。
芯层与皮层中的偶联剂成分相同，所述的偶联剂为聚醚硅油。
芯层与皮层中的润滑剂成分相同，所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸。
本实施例1所述的PVC地板的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
(1)将芯层原料于高速混合机中，加热到130℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(2)将皮层原料于高速混合机中，加热到135℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(2)得到的待用料分别上料至双螺杆挤出机中进行塑化加工，加工完毕后进入合流芯，经分配器分流至共挤模具，熔融物料离模发泡膨胀后经定型冷却及后处理即得到PVC地板。
实施例2
本实施例2所述的PVC地板，包括芯层和皮层，芯层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure BDA0002656430810000051
皮层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure BDA0002656430810000052
其中：
芯层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅰ为SG-8型，SG-8型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为700-750。
尼龙短纤维为PA-6，所述的PA-6短纤维长径比为220。
发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈。
发泡调节剂为丙烯酸甲酯。
赤泥的化学组成为SiO2 13％、Al2O3 31％、Fe2O3 8％、CaO 23％、MgO 0.5％、TiO23％、K2O 1.5％、Na2O 4.5％以及烧失量15.5％。
增塑剂为聚2-甲基丁二酸丁二醇酯与甘油三醋酸酯的混合物。
皮层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅱ为SG-5型，SG-5型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为1000-1100。
皮层中所述的填料为膨胀珍珠岩粉，所述的膨胀珍珠岩粉的粒度为60目，膨胀珍珠岩粉的化学组成为SiO2 74％、Fe2O3 2.5％、CaO 2.5％、KO2 4％、Al2O3 10％、NaO23.5％、MgO 0.8％以及烧失量2.7％。
黄金尾矿以质量分数计，化学组成为SiO2 67.5％、Al2O3 17.5％、K2O 6％、Na2O2.5％、CaO 1％、MgO 0.6％、Fe2O3 1.8％、TiO2 0.3％以及微量的二氧化锆、氧化锌和氧化钡。
抗冲改性剂为乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和氯化聚乙烯的混合物。
抗氧化剂为2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷与亚磷酸酯的混合物。
芯层与皮层中的热稳定剂成分相同，所述的热稳定剂为硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸镁的混合物。
芯层与皮层中的偶联剂成分相同，所述的偶联剂为γ-缩水甘油基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
芯层与皮层中的润滑剂成分相同，所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸与聚乙烯蜡的混合物。
本实施例2所述的PVC地板的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
(1)将芯层原料于高速混合机中，加热到130℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(2)将皮层原料于高速混合机中，加热到135℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(2)得到的待用料分别上料至双螺杆挤出机中进行塑化加工，加工完毕后进入合流芯，经分配器分流至共挤模具，熔融物料离模发泡膨胀后经定型冷却及后处理即得到PVC地板。
实施例3
本实施例3所述的PVC地板，包括芯层和皮层，芯层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure BDA0002656430810000061
Figure BDA0002656430810000071
皮层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure BDA0002656430810000072
其中：
芯层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅰ为SG-8型，SG-8型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为700-750。
尼龙短纤维为PA-6，所述的PA-6短纤维长径比为210。
发泡剂为4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼与偶氮二异丁腈的混合物。
发泡调节剂为丙烯酸丁酯。
赤泥的化学组成为SiO2 13％、Al2O3 31％、Fe2O3 8％、CaO 23％、MgO 0.5％、TiO23％、K2O 1.5％、Na2O 4.5％以及烧失量15.5％。
增塑剂为聚2-甲基丁二酸丁二醇酯与甘油三醋酸酯的混合物。
皮层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅱ为SG-5型，SG-5型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为1000-1100。
皮层中所述的填料为膨胀珍珠岩粉，所述的膨胀珍珠岩粉的粒度为60目，膨胀珍珠岩粉的化学组成为SiO2 74％、Fe2O3 2.5％、CaO 2.5％、KO2 4％、Al2O3 10％、NaO23.5％、MgO 0.8％以及烧失量2.7％。
黄金尾矿以质量分数计，化学组成为SiO2 67.5％、Al2O3 17.5％、K2O 6％、Na2O2.5％、CaO 1％、MgO 0.6％、Fe2O3 1.8％、TiO2 0.3％以及微量的二氧化锆、氧化锌和氧化钡。
抗冲改性剂为乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和氯化聚乙烯的混合物。
抗氧化剂为2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷与亚磷酸酯的混合物。
芯层与皮层中的热稳定剂成分相同，所述的热稳定剂为硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸镁的混合物。
芯层与皮层中的偶联剂成分相同，所述的偶联剂为γ-缩水甘油基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与聚醚硅油的混合物。
芯层与皮层中的润滑剂成分相同，所述的润滑剂为费托蜡。
本实施例3所述的PVC地板的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
(1)将芯层原料于高速混合机中，加热到135℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(2)将皮层原料于高速混合机中，加热到140℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(2)得到的待用料分别上料至双螺杆挤出机中进行塑化加工，加工完毕后进入合流芯，经分配器分流至共挤模具，熔融物料离模发泡膨胀后经定型冷却及后处理即得到PVC地板。
对比例1
本对比例1所述的PVC地板的原料及成分与实施例2相同，唯一的不同点在于，对比例1所述的芯层中不加入赤泥。
对比例2
本对比例2所述的PVC地板的原料及成分与实施例2相同，唯一的不同点在于，对比例2所述的皮层中不加入黄金尾矿。
对比例3
本对比例3所述的PVC地板的原料及成分与实施例2相同，唯一的不同点在于，对比例3所述的皮层中增塑剂为聚2-甲基丁二酸丁二醇酯。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的PVC地板进行性能测试，结果如表1所示：
Figure BDA0002656430810000081
Figure BDA0002656430810000091

Claims (10)

1.一种PVC地板，包括芯层和皮层，其特征在于：芯层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure FDA0002656430800000011
皮层以重量份数计，由如下重量份数的原料组成：
Figure FDA0002656430800000012
2.根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板，其特征在于：芯层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅰ为SG-8型，SG-8型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为700-750；尼龙短纤维为PA-6，所述的PA-6短纤维长径比为200-220。
3.根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板，其特征在于：发泡剂为环己烷、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼或偶氮二异丁腈中的一种或几种；发泡调节剂为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯或者丙烯酸丁酯中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板，其特征在于：赤泥的化学组成为SiO2 12-15％、Al2O330-33％、Fe2O3 7-9％、CaO 20-23％、MgO 0.5-2％、TiO2 2-4％、K2O 1-1.5％、Na2O 3-5.5％以及烧失量15-18％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板，其特征在于：增塑剂为聚2-甲基丁二酸丁二醇酯、三-(辛氧基羰基乙基)异氰脲酸酯或甘油三醋酸酯中的至少两种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板，其特征在于：皮层中所述的聚氯乙烯树脂Ⅱ为SG-5型，SG-5型PVC树脂粉的平均聚合度为1000-1100。
7.根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板，其特征在于：皮层中所述的填料为膨胀珍珠岩粉，所述的膨胀珍珠岩粉的粒度为50-60目，膨胀珍珠岩粉的化学组成为SiO2 70-75％、Fe2O32.5-3％、CaO 2-3％、KO2 4-5％、Al2O3 10-14％、NaO2 2.5-5％、MgO 0.5-0.8％以及烧失量2-3％；所述的黄金尾矿以质量分数计，化学组成为SiO2 65-68.5％、Al2O3 15-18％、K2O 4-7％、Na2O 2-3.5％、CaO 1-3％、MgO 0.2-0.8％、Fe2O3 1-2.6％、TiO2 0.1-0.5％以及微量的二氧化锆、氧化锌和氧化钡。
8.根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板，其特征在于：抗冲改性剂为乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和氯化聚乙烯的混合物；抗氧化剂为2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷与亚磷酸酯的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板，其特征在于：芯层与皮层中的热稳定剂、偶联剂和润滑剂成分均相同，所述的热稳定剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钡或硬脂酸锌中的一种或几种；偶联剂为γ-缩水甘油基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酸或聚醚硅油中的一种或几种；润滑剂为硬脂酸、聚乙烯蜡或费托蜡中的一种或几种。
10.一种权利要求1所述的PVC地板的制备方法，其特征在于：由以下步骤组成：
(1)将芯层原料于高速混合机中，加热到130-135℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(2)将皮层原料于高速混合机中，加热到135-140℃进行混合，搅拌状态下于冷混机中冷却到30℃以下待用；
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(2)得到的待用料分别上料至双螺杆挤出机中进行塑化加工，加工完毕后进入合流芯，经分配器分流至共挤模具，熔融物料离模发泡膨胀后经定型冷却及后处理即得到PVC地板。
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