CN112142592B - 一种合成乙酸酯类香料的方法 - Google Patents
一种合成乙酸酯类香料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112142592B CN112142592B CN202010978234.9A CN202010978234A CN112142592B CN 112142592 B CN112142592 B CN 112142592B CN 202010978234 A CN202010978234 A CN 202010978234A CN 112142592 B CN112142592 B CN 112142592B
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- Prior art keywords
- acetate
- reaction
- acid catalyst
- phosphate
- esterification
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- -1 enol acetate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropenyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=C)OC(C)=O HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical group CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(=O)OCC UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- HDFFVHSMHLDSLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M dibenzyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COP(=O)([O-])OCC1=CC=CC=C1 HDFFVHSMHLDSLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylphosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(=O)OC KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical group [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000066 reactive distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVCLXNHIJBDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-en-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCC(=C)OC(C)=O BVCLXNHIJBDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Geraniol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- UWKAYLJWKGQEPM-LBPRGKRZSA-N linalyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC[C@](C)(C=C)OC(C)=O UWKAYLJWKGQEPM-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000001490 (3R)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol Substances 0.000 description 15
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N (R)-linalool Natural products CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 15
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229930007744 linalool Natural products 0.000 description 15
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UWKAYLJWKGQEPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool acetate Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)(C=C)OC(C)=O UWKAYLJWKGQEPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N Geraniol Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000005792 Geraniol Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940113087 geraniol Drugs 0.000 description 11
- QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N citronellol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCC=C(C)C QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HIGQPQRQIQDZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N geranil acetate Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCOC(C)=O HIGQPQRQIQDZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HIGQPQRQIQDZMP-DHZHZOJOSA-N geranyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\COC(C)=O HIGQPQRQIQDZMP-DHZHZOJOSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-JXMROGBWSA-N Nerol Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 6
- QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N (R)-(+)-citronellol Natural products OCC[C@H](C)CCC=C(C)C QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JGQFVRIQXUFPAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-citronellol Natural products OCCC(C)CCCC(C)=C JGQFVRIQXUFPAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000000484 citronellol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JOZKFWLRHCDGJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N citronellol acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCC(C)CCC=C(C)C JOZKFWLRHCDGJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVDTXNVYSHVCGW-ONEGZZNKSA-N isopentenol Chemical compound CC(C)\C=C\O QVDTXNVYSHVCGW-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000171 lavandula angustifolia l. flower oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHXUANMFYXWVNG-ADEWGFFLSA-N (-)-Menthyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1OC(C)=O XHXUANMFYXWVNG-ADEWGFFLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOZKFWLRHCDGJA-LLVKDONJSA-N Citronellyl acetate Natural products CC(=O)OCC[C@H](C)CCC=C(C)C JOZKFWLRHCDGJA-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000179970 Monarda didyma Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010672 Monarda didyma Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1 ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HIGQPQRQIQDZMP-FLIBITNWSA-N neryl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/COC(C)=O HIGQPQRQIQDZMP-FLIBITNWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HZXJVDYQRYYYOR-UHFFFAOYSA-K scandium(iii) trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Sc+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HZXJVDYQRYYYOR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001605 (5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl) acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFLHIIWVXFIJGU-ARJAWSKDSA-N (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol Chemical compound CC\C=C/CCO UFLHIIWVXFIJGU-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XHXUANMFYXWVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-menthyl acetate Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1OC(C)=O XHXUANMFYXWVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000178870 Lavandula angustifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010663 Lavandula angustifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002911 Salvia sclarea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000182022 Salvia sclarea Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004808 allyl alcohols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DUEPRVBVGDRKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbofuran Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(C)(C)C2 DUEPRVBVGDRKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010632 citronella oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001926 citrus aurantium l. subsp. bergamia wright et arn. oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- DTWUJRAJPPEQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl hydrogen phosphate;phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 DTWUJRAJPPEQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002085 enols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010648 geranium oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019717 geranium oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylethylene Natural products OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001102 lavandula vera Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018219 lavender Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010666 rose oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019719 rose oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/03—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/16—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen, i.e. acids, anhydrides and their derivates with N, S, B or halogens without carriers or on carriers based on C, Si, Al or Zr; also salts of Si, Al and Zr
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0215—Sulfur-containing compounds
- B01J31/0225—Sulfur-containing compounds comprising sulfonic acid groups or the corresponding salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种醇酯化合成乙酸酯的方法,该方法包括:以烯醇乙酸酯为酯化试剂,在酸性催化剂的作用下,高选择性、高收率的酯化伯醇、仲醇或叔醇底物,得到相应的乙酸酯产物。本发明主要优点在于合成方法新颖,以烯醇乙酸酯为酯化试剂,反应副产物为小分子的乙醛或丙酮等,这些小分子化合物不显酸性而且沸点低,因而不会引发醇底物发生重排副反应;小分子副产还可以非常方便的从反应液中移出,促进酯化反应进行完全,反应稳定性好,收率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于精细化工和香精香料领域,具体涉及一种乙酸酯类化合物的合成方法。
背景技术
乙酸酯类化合物是一类非常常见的香料,广泛的用于香精香料行业,如乙酸芳樟酯,别称乙酸沉香酯、乙酸里那酯,天然存在于香柠檬、薰衣草以及香紫苏等植物的精油中;乙酸芳樟酯香气芬芳优雅,近似天然香柠檬,在调香中用途极广,可用于配置古龙水、人造香柠檬油、薰衣草油等多种名贵香料和香精,具有较高的经济价值。乙酸香叶酯,天然存在于香茅油、香叶油、薰衣草油中,具有玫瑰油和薰衣草油混合后的香气,稀释后呈现苹果香味,广泛的用于配制食用和日用香精。乙酸薄荷酯具有柔和的薄荷香,清凉、清新,是国标允许使用一款食用香料,用于配制薄荷、水果等香精。其他类似的香料还有乙酸橙花酯、乙酸香茅酯、梨醇酯等。
酯化是有机合成中最常用的反应之一,早在1967年人们就发现了4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)可以有效催化酯化反应进行,所用酯化试剂为酸酐或酰氯。对比简单的吡啶,DMAP催化下的反应速率约增加3~4个数量级;DMAP以其优良的催化效果,在酯化反应中得到了广泛的应用。用酸酐或酰氯进行醇的酯化反应,副产当量的酸或氯化氢,为了促进酯化反应彻底进行,需要加入碱中和副产酸或氯化氢,因而产生了较多的废盐。这些废盐难于处理,不但额外增加了酯化反应的成本,而且可能造成环境污染。
由于芳樟醇、香叶醇、橙花醇等底物分子结构中含有烯丙基醇、双键等官能团,化学性质活泼,对酸敏感,在酸性条件下易发生脱水、异构、重排等副反应;薄荷醇空间位阻较大,酯化条件较为苛刻,也易发生脱水、重排等副反应。目前,在已知文献报道中,乙酸芳樟酯合成方法主要是芳樟醇和乙酸酐在催化剂作用下发生酯化反应,得到乙酸芳樟酯产品,所用催化剂可以是质子酸、路易斯酸或一些碱性催化剂。
采用酸作为催化剂,在不中和副产乙酸的条件下,乙酸芳樟酯的收率一般不高。例如,Chakraborti等人利用氧化硅负载的高氯酸作催化剂,在室温下乙酸酯化芳樟醇,反应在1小时进行完全,乙酸芳樟酯的收率仅有80%(Chem.Commun 2003,1896.)。也有一些文献采用磷酸或固体超强酸催化乙酸酐酯化芳樟醇,反应时间从6小时到20小时不等,收率也仅有50%左右(林产化学与工业,2005,25,43)。
在碱性催化剂作用下,芳樟醇和乙酸酐反应一般都能得到较好的选择性和收率,脱水、异构、重排等副产物很少,但是反应都是在当量甚至过量的碱存在下进行。例如,文献(Tetrahedron Lett.,1983,24,5709)利用300mol%吡啶作为催化剂,以95%的收率得到乙酸芳樟酯;专利CN1566069使用改性的三聚氰胺作为催化剂,在80℃下反应6小时,以75%的转化率、99%的选择性得到乙酸芳樟酯;专利CN102557933以碳酸钾作为催化剂,在85℃下反应25小时,以98%的收率得到乙酸芳樟酯;专利CN102942476以DMAP为催化剂,80℃下反应12小时,以94%的收率得到乙酸芳樟酯。
目前,虽然碱催化芳樟醇和乙酸酐反应一般能得到较好的收率,但是也存在一些明显的缺点,如碱催化剂(甲基改性三聚氰胺、DMAP)的用量比较大,而且难于回收;此外,碱催化的酯化反应,要想反应进行完全,反应体系中还需加入当量的碱,用来中和副产物乙酸,因而会产大量的废乙酸盐,不但额外增加生产成本,还有可能污染环境。因此,迫切需要开发新的酯化方法,更加环保、绿色、高效的合成乙酸酯类香料合成方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种乙酸酯类化合物的合成方法,以烯醇乙酸酯为酯化试剂酯化醇,酯化反应选择性高,收率高。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种乙酸酯类化合物的合成方法,以烯醇乙酸酯为酯化试剂,在酸催化剂的催化下与醇底物反应,以反应精馏的方式进行,得到相应的乙酸酯化合物。
优选的,所述烯醇乙酸酯的结构式为:
其中,R1可以是但不限于氢、C1-C40烷基、烯基、炔基、苯基、萘基、苄氧基、芳杂环以及含有其他官能团包含酯基、醚、叔胺、酰胺、硫醚、酮、醛的碳链,如包含酯基、醚、叔胺、酰胺、硫醚、酮、醛的C1-C40的烷基取代基等。
所述醇底物的结构式为:
R可以是但不限于C1-C40烷基、烯基、炔基、苯基、萘基、苄氧基、芳杂环以及含有其他官能团如酯基、醚、叔胺、酰胺、硫醚、酮、醛的碳链,如包含酯基、醚、叔胺、酰胺、硫醚、酮、醛的C1-C40的烷基取代基等。
其反应方程式为:
本发明中,所述烯醇乙酸酯可以是但不限于乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸丙烯酯、乙酸异丙烯酯、1-乙基乙酸乙烯酯等,烯醇乙酸酯用量为醇底物摩尔量的100-200mol%。
本发明中,所述醇底物可以为伯醇、仲醇或叔醇。
本发明中,所述酸催化剂包括质子酸催化剂和路易斯酸催化剂。
所述质子酸催化剂可以是但不限于甲磺酸、甲苯磺酸、乙酸、氯乙酸、丙酸、苯甲酸、磷酸、磷酸二甲酯、磷酸二乙酯、磷酸二苄酯、磷酸二丁酯、磷酸二辛酯、磷酸二苯酚酯、磷酸二萘酚酯中的一种或多种;优选磷酸二烷基酯或磷酸二酚酯。
本发明中,所述质子酸催化剂的用量为醇底物摩尔量的0.01~1.0mol%。
本发明中,所述乙酸酯化反应中,所述路易斯酸催化剂可以是但不限于醋酸锌、氯化锌、溴化锌、氯化铝、三氟化硼、氯化铁、三氟甲磺酸钪、氯化锂、溴化锂等中的一种或多种。优选氯化锂、氯化锌、溴化锌。
本发明中,所述路易斯酸催化剂的用量为醇底物摩尔量的0.01~1.0mol%。
本发明中,所述质子酸催化剂和路易斯酸催化剂优选磷酸或磷酸酯类化合物和锂盐或锌盐的组合,有机酸催化剂和路易斯酸催化剂的摩尔比优选1:1~1:2。
当两种不同类型的酸以上述比例混合时,反应收率更高,不容易引发副反应。
本发明中,所述乙酸酯化的反应温度为60~100℃;
本发明中,反应时间4~10小时;
本发明中,反应在无溶剂条件下进行。
本发明中,乙酸酯化以反应精馏的方式进行,底端塔釜端进料醇底物和烯醇乙酸酯,塔釜上面连接精馏塔,通过精馏塔将小分子副产物如乙醛、丙酮等不断的从反应体系中移出,促进乙酸酯化反应进行完全。
本发明中,所述精馏塔塔板数为5-20,回流比为1:1~3:1。
本发明中,反应压力为负压或常压,优选绝压50kPa至常压。反应过程中不断的从体系中移出小分子副产物乙醛、丙酮等,促进乙酸酯化反应进行完全。
本发明中,所述乙酸酯化反应完成之后,反应液减压蒸馏或精馏分离得到丙酮、乙酸异丙烯酯和乙酸酯产物等,所述酸性催化剂由于沸点较高,停留在釜残中,含有催化剂的釜残可以回收套用至下一次反应中,活性基本保持不变。
本发明采用上述技术方案,具有如下积极效果:
1、酯化试剂乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸丙烯酯、乙酸异丙烯酯等烯醇乙酸酯类简单易得,成本低廉,酯化反应副产物为乙醛、丙酮等小分子化合物,不显酸性而且沸点低(明显低于乙酸),不会引发醇底物重排副反应,还可以非常方便的从反应液中移出,促进原料酯化完全。现有技术中采用乙酸酐作为酯化试剂会产生大量的乙酸盐副产,本发明所述酯化方法中的小分子副产物不显酸性,无需中和,可以直接提纯外售,减少了反应三废。
2、本发明采用有机酸作为主催化剂,同时以路易斯酸作为辅助催化剂,有机酸通过氢键作用活化烯醇乙酸酯,促进乙酰基转移到醇底物上,路易斯酸辅助乙酰基和反应后期质子转移过程。本发明以反应精馏的方式进行酯化反应,塔釜连续进料烯醇乙酸酯,塔顶连续采出小分子副产物,将目前常见的间歇酯化工艺升级为连续工艺,稳定性好,易于控制,不但时空收率高,而且反应精馏可以有效促进酯化反应正向进行,减少催化剂用量。
3、本发明的反应条件温和,特别适用于在酸性条件下不稳定的醇底物酯化反应,如芳樟醇、橙花醇、香叶醇、异戊烯醇、薄荷醇等,可以高收率的得到酯化产物,收率普遍在95%以上。
4、催化剂可多次套用,套用次数可达5次以上,活性基本不变。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例详述本发明,但本发明并不限于下述的实施例。
主要原料信息如下:
乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸丙烯酯,百灵威试剂;乙酸异丙烯酯、乙酸丙烯酯,安耐吉化学;
磷酸二苄酯、磷酸二乙酯、磷酸二辛酯、磷酸二苯酯磷酸(85%),阿拉丁试剂;
芳樟醇、橙花醇、香叶醇、香茅醇,自制,99%;叶醇,阿拉丁试剂;氯化锌、醋酸锌、氯化锂、溴化锂、氯化铝,AR,国药试剂;
本发明的气相色谱测试条件如下:
仪器型号:Agilent GC;色谱柱:Agilent cyclodex-B(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm);柱温:起始温度50℃,以5℃/min升温至100℃,然后以10℃/min升温200℃,最后以5℃/min升温至240℃,保持6min;进样口温度:280℃;FID检测器温度:300℃;分流进样,分流比40:1;进样量:2.0μL;H2流量:40mL/min;空气流量:400mL/min。
实施例1:
磷酸二苄酯催化乙酸乙烯酯酯化芳樟醇
空气中,室温下依次向装有转子的3L三口瓶中加入磷酸二苄酯(0.056g,0.2mmol)、芳樟醇(308.50g,2.0mol)和氯化锌(0.027g,0.2mmol),将三口瓶放入油浴中,三口瓶上方连接一根20cm长的精馏柱(内径24mm,塔板数7)相连,精馏柱内填充三角螺旋填料(3*3),精馏柱上方连接回流比控制器、接收瓶和真空系统。开启搅拌和油浴加热,待反应液内温升至60℃时,开始向三口瓶滴加乙酸乙烯酯(189.40g,2.2mol),同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比2:1),2小时乙酸乙烯酯滴加完毕。滴加过程中,保持体系处于常压状态,不断将副产物乙醛从体系移出,促进酯化反应进行完全。滴加完毕后2小时,塔顶不再有乙醛蒸出时,停止反应,取样塔釜液,GC分析,芳樟醇转化率>99.5%,乙酸芳樟酯选择性98.6%。HRMS-EI M+calcd for C12H20O2:196.1463,found 196.1465。
实施例2:
磷酸二乙酯催化乙酸乙烯酯酯化香叶醇
空气中,室温下依次向装有转子的3L三口瓶中加入磷酸二乙酯(1.54g,0.01mol)、香叶醇(308.50g,2.0mol)和氯化锌(0.27g,2.0mmol),将三口瓶放入油浴中,三口瓶上方连接一根20cm长的精馏柱(内径24mm,塔板数6)相连,精馏柱内填充三角螺旋填料(3*3),精馏柱上方连接回流比控制器、接收瓶和真空系统。开启搅拌和油浴加热,待反应液内温升至70℃时,开始向三口瓶滴加乙酸乙烯酯(344.36g,4.0mol),同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比2:1),3小时乙酸乙烯酯滴加完毕。滴加过程中,保持体系处于常压状态,不断将副产物乙醛从体系移出,促进酯化反应进行完全。滴加完毕后2小时,塔顶不再有乙醛蒸出时,停止反应,取样塔釜液,GC分析,香叶醇转化率99.5%,乙酸香叶酯选择性95.9%。HRMS-EI M+calcd for C12H20O2:196.1463,found 196.1463。
实施例3:
磷酸二辛酯催化乙酸丙烯酯酯化芳樟醇
空气中,室温下依次向装有转子的3L三口瓶中加入磷酸二辛酯(0.58g,0.002mol)、芳樟醇(277.65g,1.8mol)和氯化锌(0.24g,1.8mmol),将三口瓶放入油浴中,三口瓶上方连接一根20cm长的精馏柱(内径24mm,塔板数7)相连,精馏柱内填充三角螺旋填料(3*3),精馏柱上方连接回流比控制器、接收瓶和真空系统。开启搅拌和油浴加热,待反应液内温升至80℃时,开始向三口瓶中滴加乙酸丙烯酯(180.22g,1.8mol),同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比2:1),3小时乙酸丙烯酯滴加完毕。滴加过程中,保持体系处于常压状态,不断将副产物丙醛从体系移出,促进酯化反应进行完全。滴加完毕后2小时,塔顶不再有丙醛蒸出时,停止反应,取样塔釜液,GC分析,芳樟醇转化率97.6%,乙酸芳樟酯选择性98.4%。
实施例4:
磷酸二苯酯催化乙酸异丙烯酯酯化香叶醇
空气中,室温下依次向装有转子的3L三口瓶中加入磷酸二苯酯(5.75g,0.023mol)、香叶醇(354.77g,2.3mol)和醋酸锌(0.42g,2.3mmol),将三口瓶放入油浴中,三口瓶上方连接一根20cm长的精馏柱(内径24mm,塔板数7)相连,精馏柱内填充三角螺旋填料(3*3),精馏柱上方连接回流比控制器、接收瓶和真空系统。开启搅拌和油浴加热,待反应液内温升至65℃时,开始向三口瓶缓慢滴加乙酸异丙烯酯(253.30g,2.53mol),同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比2:1),3小时乙酸异丙烯酯滴加完毕。滴加过程中,保持体系处于常压状态,不断将副产物丙酮从体系移出,促进酯化反应进行完全。滴加完毕后将体系压力降至50kPa,保持2小时,塔顶不再有丙酮蒸出时,停止反应,取样塔釜液,GC分析,香叶醇转化率97.6%,乙酸香叶酯选择性93.4%。
实施例5:
磷酸催化乙酸异丙烯酯酯化橙花醇
空气中,室温下依次向装有转子的3L三口瓶中加入磷酸(85%,0.08g,0.8mmol)、橙花醇(231.4g,1.5mol)和溴化锂(0.13g,1.5mmol),将三口瓶放入油浴中,三口瓶上方连接一根20cm长的精馏柱(内径24mm,塔板数7)相连,精馏柱内填充三角螺旋填料(3*3),精馏柱上方连接回流比控制器、接收瓶和真空系统。开启搅拌和油浴加热,待反应液内温升至70℃时,开始向三口瓶缓慢滴加乙酸异丙烯酯(180.2g,1.8mol),同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比2:1),2小时乙酸异丙烯酯滴加完毕。滴加过程中,保持体系处于常压状态,不断将副产物丙酮从体系移出,促进酯化反应进行完全。滴加完毕后,将反应体系压力降至60kPa,保持4小时,塔顶不再有丙酮蒸出时,停止反应,取样塔釜液,GC分析,橙花醇转化率99.6%,乙酸橙花酯选择性98.4%。HRMS-EI M+calcd for C12H20O2:196.1463,found 196.1465。
实施例6:
磷酸二甲酯催化乙酸丙烯酯酯化香茅醇
空气中,室温下依次向装有转子的3L三口瓶中加入磷酸二甲酯(0.34g,2.3mmol)、香茅醇(359.4g,2.3mol)和氯化锂(0.19g,4.6mmol),将三口瓶放入油浴中,三口瓶上方连接一根20cm长的精馏柱(内径24mm,塔板数7)相连,精馏柱内填充三角螺旋填料(3*3),精馏柱上方连接回流比控制器、接收瓶和真空系统。开启搅拌和油浴加热,待反应液内温升至65℃时,开始向三口瓶缓慢滴加乙酸丙烯酯(299.4g,3.0mol),同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比2:1),3小时乙酸丙烯酯滴加完毕。滴加过程中,保持体系处于常压状态,不断将副产物丙醛从体系移出,促进酯化反应进行完全。滴加完毕后3小时,塔顶不再有轻组分丙醛蒸出时,停止反应,取样塔釜液,GC分析,香茅醇转化率99.7%,乙酸香茅酯选择性99.4%。
HRMS-EI M+calcd for C12H22O2:198.1620,found 198.1622。
实施例7:
甲磺酸催化乙酸异丙烯酯酯化香茅醇
空气中,室温下依次向装有转子的3L三口瓶中加入甲磺酸(0.05g,0.5mmol)、叶醇(200.3g,2.0mol)和氯化锂(0.08g,2.0mmol),将三口瓶放入油浴中,三口瓶上方连接一根20cm长的精馏柱(内径24mm,塔板数7)相连,精馏柱内填充三角螺旋填料(3*3),精馏柱上方连接回流比控制器、接收瓶和真空系统。开启搅拌和油浴加热,待反应液内温升至80℃时,开始向三口瓶缓慢滴加乙酸异丙烯酯(220.3g,2.2mol),同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比3:1),4小时乙酸异丙烯酯滴加完毕。滴加过程中,保持体系处于常压状态,不断将副产物丙酮从体系移出,促进酯化反应进行完全。滴加完毕后1小时,塔顶不再有轻组分丙酮蒸出时,停止反应,取样塔釜液,GC分析,叶醇转化率99.7%,乙酸叶醇酯选择性86.7%。
实施例8:
氯乙酸催化乙酸异丙烯酯酯化异戊烯醇
空气中,室温下依次向装有转子的3L三口瓶中加入氯乙酸(0.16g,1.8mmol)、异戊烯醇(301.3g,3.5mol)和氯化铝(0.23g,1.8mmol),将三口瓶放入油浴中,三口瓶上方连接一根20cm长的精馏柱(内径24mm,塔板数7)相连,精馏柱内填充三角螺旋填料(3*3),精馏柱上方连接回流比控制器、接收瓶和真空系统。开启搅拌和油浴加热,待反应液内温升至60℃时,开始向三口瓶缓慢滴加乙酸异丙烯酯(367.9g,3.68mol),同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比5:1),4小时乙酸异丙烯酯滴加完毕。滴加过程中,保持体系处于常压状态,不断将副产物丙酮从体系移出,促进酯化反应进行完全。滴加完毕后将体系压力降至50kPa,保持3小时,塔顶不再有轻组分丙酮蒸出时,停止反应,取样塔釜液,GC分析,异戊烯醇转化率97.7%,乙酸异戊烯醇酯选择性96.3%。
HRMS-EI M+calcd for C7H12O2:128.0837,found 128.0835。
实施例9:
磷酸二乙酯催化乙酸乙烯酯酯化香叶醇及催化剂套用
空气中,室温下依次向装有转子的3L三口瓶中加入磷酸二乙酯(0.31g,2.0mmol)、芳樟醇(308.50g,2.0mol)和氯化锌(0.27g,2.0mmol),将三口瓶放入油浴中,三口瓶上方连接一根20cm长的精馏柱(内径24mm,塔板数6)相连,精馏柱内填充三角螺旋填料(3*3),精馏柱上方连接回流比控制器、接收瓶和真空系统。开启搅拌和油浴加热,待反应液内温升至70℃时,开始向三口瓶滴加乙酸乙烯酯(344.36g,4.0mol),同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比2:1),3小时乙酸乙烯酯滴加完毕。滴加过程中,保持体系处于常压状态,不断将副产物乙醛从体系移出,促进酯化反应进行完全。滴加完毕后2小时,塔顶不再有乙醛蒸出时,停止反应,取样塔釜液,GC分析转化率和选择性。将反应体系压力降至3~4kPa,将未反应的乙酸乙烯酯和大部分产品乙酸香叶酯蒸出,塔底残留酸催化剂和少量乙酸香叶酯。
将体系压力升至常压,重新加入底物香叶醇,然后滴加乙酸乙烯酯,同时开启精馏塔塔顶冷却循环水和回流比控制器(回流比2:1),2~3小时滴加完毕,重复上述操作,从而实现酯化反应和催化剂套用,反应转化率和选择性如下表所示。
编号 | 转化率% | 选择性/% |
套用1 | 99.8 | 99.5 |
套用2 | 99.4 | 99.0 |
套用3 | 98.6 | 98.7 |
套用4 | 98.3 | 99.1 |
套用5 | 97.2 | 99.3 |
套用6 | 97.4 | 99.2 |
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述烯醇乙酸酯选自乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸丙烯酯、乙酸异丙烯酯、1-乙基乙酸乙烯酯,烯醇乙酸酯用量为醇底物摩尔量100-200mol%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述质子酸催化剂选自磷酸、磷酸二甲酯、磷酸二乙酯、磷酸二苄酯、磷酸二丁酯、磷酸二辛酯、磷酸二苯酚酯、磷酸二萘酚酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述质子酸催化剂的用量为醇底物摩尔量的0.01~1.0mol%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述路易斯酸催化剂为氯化锂、氯化锌、溴化锌。
6.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述路易斯酸催化剂的用量为醇底物摩尔量的0.01~1.0mol%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,质子酸催化剂和路易斯酸催化剂的摩尔比为1:1~1:2。
8.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述乙酸酯化的反应温度为60~100℃;反应时间4~10小时;所述反应在无溶剂条件下进行。
9.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,乙酸酯化以反应精馏的方式进行,精馏塔塔板数为5-20,回流比为1:1~3:1。
10.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,反应压力为负压至常压。
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