CN112136591A - Lycium barbarum black film covering, punching and cutting seedling raising method - Google Patents
Lycium barbarum black film covering, punching and cutting seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112136591A CN112136591A CN202011028594.9A CN202011028594A CN112136591A CN 112136591 A CN112136591 A CN 112136591A CN 202011028594 A CN202011028594 A CN 202011028594A CN 112136591 A CN112136591 A CN 112136591A
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- cutting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a medlar black film covering, punching, cutting and seedling raising method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the processes of cutting collection, basal treatment, hotbed root promotion, black film coverage, punching and cutting and the like. The seedling rate of the medlar cutting is stabilized at 70%, and the labor amount for cutting, seedling releasing and weeding is reduced by 50%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crop seedling raising method, in particular to a medlar black film covering, punching and cutting seedling raising method.
Background
Hardwood cutting is a conventional seedling raising method for cultivating new plants by cutting plant branches (cutting slips), belongs to asexual propagation, can keep the germplasm characteristics of propagation materials, and is widely applied to Chinese wolfberry seedling propagation.
The traditional Chinese wolfberry hardwood cutting seedling raising method mainly comprises the following steps: in late 3 months, before medlar sprouts, annual fruiting branches with the diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm are collected, cut into cutting slips with the length of 15 cm, about 100 cutting slips are bundled into a bundle according to the top and bottom of the plant morphology of the cutting slips, the bundled cutting slips are vertically placed in a cutting slip treatment pool according to the bottom, 15 ppm of naphthylacetic acid aqueous solution is added to the position 3 cm above the bottom of the cutting slips, field cutting is carried out after 12 hours of soaking, and transparent plastic films are covered after cutting. And after about 20 days of cuttage, when the length of the scion bud reaches 3 cm, cutting the plastic film along the cutting line of the scion to release the seedling, and enabling the seedling to grow under natural conditions. The seedling rate of the medlar cutting by the seedling method is 10-30%, and most cutting can not be grown. The main reason for this is that the development of the cuttings and roots is not balanced: when cutting the medlar branches into cutting shoots, the cutting shoots have complete structures and develop to a certain extent, and the cutting roots are still in diapause state; after field cuttage and film covering, the average temperature of the top end of the cutting is higher than that of the bottom end, the growth of the bud is faster than that of the root, so that nutrients and water stored in the cutting are excessively consumed by the growth of the young bud, the formation and the growth of the root are influenced, and the seedling of the cutting is further influenced.
Aiming at the problem of low seedling rate of the traditional Chinese wolfberry hardwood cutting seedling method, the Chinese wolfberry seedling method (the patent number ZL201410343923.7 of the invention granted by China) provided by the research of the agricultural technical service center in Baiyin city is used for balancing the growth and development of cutting shoot buds and roots by carrying out hotbed root promotion treatment on the cutting shoots before cutting, so that the seedling rate of the cutting shoots reaches 60-83 percent, and the problem of low seedling rate of the traditional Chinese wolfberry hardwood cutting seedling method is solved. Meanwhile, the method also has the technical defects of relatively complex operation procedure and large labor amount. The amount of labor for cutting, seedling setting and weeding is respectively 10 working days/mu, 4 working days/mu and 8 working days/mu, and 22 working days/mu are needed in total.
Aiming at the technical defect of a medlar seedling method (ZL 201410343923.7), the invention simplifies the operation procedure on the basis of the hotbed root-promoting seedling method, provides the medlar hotbed root-promoting black film coverage punching cutting seedling method, stabilizes the seedling rate at 70%, and reduces the labor amount for cutting, seedling releasing and weeding by 50%. The principle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of balancing the development process of the scion cutting roots and the buds through hotbed root promoting treatment, and promoting the scion cutting seedlings; the transparent film is replaced by the black film, so that the growth of weeds can be inhibited, and 4 working days/mu of labor for weeding are reduced; and thirdly, the operations of ditching, cuttage, soil returning and ditch filling and seedling releasing are simplified into the operations of perforating and cuttage, the cuttage efficiency is improved, the seedling releasing operation is omitted, 3 working days/mu for cuttage is reduced, and 4 working days/mu for seedling releasing are saved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to avoid the defects of the prior art and provides a medlar black film covering, punching and cutting seedling method, thereby solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a medlar black film covering, punching and cutting seedling raising method is characterized in that: comprises the steps of cutting collection, basal treatment, hotbed root promotion, black film coverage, punching and cutting and field management. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a. and (3) cutting collection: in late 3 months and before medlar sprouts, annual fruiting branches with the diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm are collected and cut into cutting slips with the length of 15 cm, and every 60-80 cutting slips are bundled according to the morphological top end and bottom end of the cutting slips.
b. Base treatment: the bundled cutting slips are vertically placed in a cutting slip treatment pool with the bottom ends at the bottom, 15 ppm of naphthylacetic acid aqueous solution is added to the position 3 cm above the bottom ends of the cutting slips, and the cutting slips are soaked for 12 hours.
c. Promoting roots by a hotbed: laying a conventional electric heating blanket for heating on the ground in an idle vacant room with the room temperature of 5-12 ℃, laying a plastic film on the electric heating blanket, laying vermiculite powder with the thickness of 1.5 cm and the water content of 40% on the film, bundling the cutting slips treated by a naphthylacetic acid water solution at the top end and the bottom end, vertically placing the cutting slips on a hotbed, filling and surrounding gaps among the cutting slip bundles and the periphery with the vermiculite powder with the water content of 40%, covering the cutting slip with the vermiculite powder with the thickness of 1.5 cm at the top end of the cutting slips, covering the cutting slips with the plastic film, connecting a temperature controller, inserting a temperature probe to the bottom end of the cutting slips, and setting the temperature to be 20 ℃. After about 10 days of hotbed treatment, field cuttage is carried out when about 10% of the cutting slips have new roots exposed.
d. And (3) black film coverage: selecting sandy loam plots with medium soil fertility, applying 30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg/mu of urea, carrying out rotary tillage and leveling, dividing lines at the line spacing of 110 cm, covering black plastic films with the width of 70 cm and the thickness of 0.01 mm along the lines, and pressing and fixing the black plastic films on two sides to form the cutting tape.
e. Punching and cutting: and punching two rows of cutting lines with the aperture of 10 mm, the hole depth of 11 cm, the hole distance of 6 cm and the line distance of 40 cm on each cutting belt by using a single row of 6-tooth nail harrow. And (3) cutting 1 cutting shoot in each cutting hole, keeping the top end of each cutting shoot 4 cm higher than the surface of the black film, watering in time after cutting, and treading on the soil on the two sides of each cutting shoot when soil moisture permeates and the field can walk.
f. Field management: irrigating once every 30 days from the last ten days of month 5 to the middle ten days of month 9, wherein the irrigation time is 80-100 m3Per mu. Aiming at field weeds, a mode of combining artificial weeding and mini-tiller weeding is adopted for control. Aiming at medlar goiter and aphid, 2000-fold aqueous solution of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil and 2000-fold aqueous solution of 10 percent of imidacloprid wettable powder can be respectively sprayed for prevention and control.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the seedling method, the seedling rate of the medlar cuttings is stabilized at 70 percent, is higher than that of the traditional medlar hardwood cutting seedling method by more than 40 percent, and is close to the mean value of the seedling rate of the medlar seedling method (ZL 201410343923.7); simplifies the seedling raising procedure, improves the seedling raising efficiency and reduces the seedling raising cost. The labor amount for cuttage, seedling release and weeding is reduced by 11 workers per mu, and the reduction is 50%.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1, seedling growing site: jingyuan county, Jingyuan, Bai He Zhen Ying Lin village, Bai Yin City, Gansu province. The seedling area is 8 mu, wherein the average value of the cutting seedling rate is 70% in 2 mu in 2018, 3 mu in 2019 and 3 mu in 2020.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
a. and (3) cutting collection: in late 3 months and before medlar sprouts, annual fruiting branches with the diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm are collected and cut into cutting slips with the length of 15 cm, and every 60-80 cutting slips are bundled according to the morphological top end and bottom end of the cutting slips.
b. Base treatment: the bundled cutting slips are vertically placed in a cutting slip treatment pool with the bottom ends at the bottom, 15 ppm of naphthylacetic acid aqueous solution is added to the position 3 cm above the bottom ends of the cutting slips, and the cutting slips are soaked for 12 hours.
c. Promoting roots by a hotbed: laying a conventional electric heating blanket for heating on the ground in an idle vacant room with the room temperature of 5-12 ℃, laying a plastic film on the electric heating blanket, laying vermiculite powder with the thickness of 1.5 cm and the water content of 40% on the film, bundling the cutting slips treated by a naphthylacetic acid water solution at the top end and the bottom end, vertically placing the cutting slips on a hotbed, filling and surrounding gaps among the cutting slip bundles and the periphery with the vermiculite powder with the water content of 40%, covering the cutting slip with the vermiculite powder with the thickness of 1.5 cm at the top end of the cutting slips, covering the cutting slips with the plastic film, connecting a temperature controller, inserting a temperature probe to the bottom end of the cutting slips, and setting the temperature to be 20 ℃. After about 10 days of hotbed treatment, field cuttage is carried out when about 10% of the cutting slips have new roots exposed.
d. And (3) black film coverage: selecting sandy loam plots with medium soil fertility, applying 30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg/mu of urea, carrying out rotary tillage and leveling, dividing lines at the line spacing of 110 cm, covering black plastic films with the width of 70 cm and the thickness of 0.01 mm along the lines, and pressing and fixing the black plastic films on two sides to form the cutting tape.
e. Punching and cutting: and punching two rows of cutting lines with the aperture of 10 mm, the hole depth of 11 cm, the hole distance of 6 cm and the line distance of 40 cm on each cutting belt by using a single row of 6-tooth nail harrow. And (3) cutting 1 cutting shoot in each cutting hole, and keeping the top end of each cutting shoot 4 cm higher than the surface of the black film. And (4) timely irrigating water after cuttage, and treading soil on two sides of the cutting slips when soil moisture permeates and the field can walk.
f. Field management: irrigating once every 30 days from the last ten days of month 5 to the middle ten days of month 9, wherein the irrigation time is 80-100 m3Per mu. Aiming at field weeds, a mode of combining artificial weeding and mini-tiller weeding is adopted for control. Aiming at medlar goiter and aphid, 2000-fold aqueous solution of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil and 2000-fold aqueous solution of 10 percent of imidacloprid wettable powder can be respectively sprayed for prevention and control.
Explanation of the main points of management: the perennial branches are prevented from being collected to be used as cuttings; continuous cropping in the seedling raising field is avoided, and seedlings cannot be raised in the medlar root rot disease field; watering as early as possible after cutting, and then trampling soil on two sides of the cutting slips.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. A medlar black film covering, punching and cutting seedling raising method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of cutting collection, basal treatment, hotbed root promotion, black film coverage, punching and cutting and field management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. and (3) cutting collection: collecting annual fruiting branches with diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm in late 3 months before Chinese wolfberry sprouts, cutting into cutting slips with length of 15 cm, and bundling every 60-80 cutting slips into bundles according to the morphological top and bottom of the cutting slips;
b. base treatment: vertically placing the bundled cutting slips into a cutting slip treatment pool with the bottom ends at the bottom, adding 15 ppm of naphthylacetic acid aqueous solution to a position 3 cm above the bottom ends of the cutting slips, and soaking for 12 hours;
c. promoting roots by a hotbed: laying a conventional electric heating blanket for heating on the ground in an idle vacant room with the room temperature of 5-12 ℃, laying a plastic film on the electric heating blanket, laying vermiculite powder with the thickness of 1.5 cm and the water content of 40% on the film, vertically placing the cutting slips processed by a naphthylacetic acid aqueous solution on a hotbed in bundles with the top ends at the upper end and the bottom ends at the lower end, filling and surrounding gaps among the bundles of the cutting slips with the vermiculite powder with the water content of 40%, covering the cutting slips with the vermiculite powder at the top end by the thickness of 1.5 cm, connecting a temperature controller after covering with the plastic film, inserting a temperature probe to the bottom ends of the cutting slips, setting the temperature to be 20 ℃, and carrying out field cutting when new roots of about 10% of the cutting slips appear after about 10 days of hotbed processing;
d. and (3) black film coverage: selecting sandy loam plots with medium soil fertility, applying 30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg/mu of urea, carrying out rotary tillage and leveling, dividing lines at a line spacing of 110 cm, covering black plastic films with widths of 70 cm and thicknesses of 0.01 mm along the lines, and pressing and fixing the black plastic films on two sides to form a cutting strip;
e. punching and cutting: punching two rows of cutting rows with the aperture of 10 mm, the hole depth of 11 cm, the hole distance of 6 cm and the row distance of 40 cm on each cutting belt by using a single row of 6-tooth nail harrow, cutting 1 cutting shoot in each cutting hole, keeping the top end of the cutting shoot higher than the surface of a black film by 4 cm, watering in time after cutting, and treading soil on two sides of the cutting shoot when soil moisture permeates and the field can walk;
f. field management: irrigating once every 30 days from the last ten days of month 5 to the middle ten days of month 9, wherein the irrigation time is 80-100 m3The herbicide is used for controlling field weeds by adopting a mode of combining artificial weeding and micro-tillage machine weeding, and for medlar gall mites and aphids, 2000-fold aqueous solution of 1.8 percent abamectin missible oil and 2000-fold aqueous solution of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder can be respectively sprayed for preventing and treating.
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CN104082014A (en) * | 2014-07-19 | 2014-10-08 | 白银市农业技术服务中心 | Medlar seedling growing method |
CN108684344A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-10-23 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | A kind of matrimony vine method for culturing seedlings |
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2020
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CN104082014A (en) * | 2014-07-19 | 2014-10-08 | 白银市农业技术服务中心 | Medlar seedling growing method |
CN108684344A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-10-23 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | A kind of matrimony vine method for culturing seedlings |
CN111011015A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-17 | 白银市农业技术服务中心 | Lycium chinense hotbed root-promoting hormone-reinforced hardwood cutting seedling raising method |
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