CN112133468A - 抗氧化导电铜浆及其制造方法与应用 - Google Patents
抗氧化导电铜浆及其制造方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112133468A CN112133468A CN202010078789.8A CN202010078789A CN112133468A CN 112133468 A CN112133468 A CN 112133468A CN 202010078789 A CN202010078789 A CN 202010078789A CN 112133468 A CN112133468 A CN 112133468A
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- copper paste
- conductive
- oxidation
- conductive copper
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Abstract
本发明关于一种抗氧化导电铜浆及其制造方法与应用,本发明抗氧化导电铜浆包含70wt%~90wt%的铜粒子、黏结剂、触变剂以及溶剂;本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的制造方法包含将黏结剂、触变剂与乙醇混合均匀,获得第一混合液;将溶剂加入第一混合液,混均以获得第二混合液;将铜粒子加入第二混合液,以获得导电铜浆前驱液;以及移除导电铜浆前驱液中的乙醇,以获得本发明抗氧化导电铜浆;本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆具有良好的分散性、导电性、耐热性且不易氧化,可应用于制备导电薄膜,且导电薄膜可通过印刷工艺形成,以制成电路板或太阳能电池电极。
Description
技术领域
本发明有关于一种抗氧化导电铜浆及其制造方法与应用,尤其是一种分散性佳且不易氧化的导电铜浆及其制造方法与应用。
背景技术
目前在电子产品的研发上,尤其是个人随身携带的电子产品研发上,如何使产品更为轻薄为重要的开发方向,因此电子组件或是电路基板的微型化为相当重要的研发方向。导电胶体为一种固化后或是干燥之后具有导电性的物质,可以作为电子零件的电性传导物质,且其作用时的温度较低,较不会对电子零件造成伤害;又,导电胶体亦能以浆料的形式存在,并经由高精密度的印刷或是加工方法涂布于基板上以形成电路,以制备轻薄的电路基板;此外,导电胶体的可涂布成型且导电性佳的特性,亦可以应用于制备太阳能电池的电极及迭片模块胶料。
目前现有的导电胶体大多为导电银胶或是导电铝胶,但是导电银胶价格较高,又导电铝胶具有高收缩性而容易产生卷曲或变形的现象,因此仍亟需开发兼具有低成本且稳定性高的导电胶体或导电浆体。
发明内容
现今,发明人鉴于现有导电胶体或导电浆体在实际使用时仍有不足之处,于是乃一本孜孜不倦之精神,并凭借其丰富专业知识及多年的实务经验,提出本发明。
本发明提供一抗氧化导电铜浆及其制造方法与应用,抗氧化导电铜浆内含有的铜粒子可以均匀分散,制成的抗氧化导电铜浆导电性高,亦具有不易氧化的优点。
本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆,包含70wt%~90wt%的导电粒子,4wt%~16wt%的黏结剂,0.5wt%~7wt%的触变剂,以及5wt%~25wt%的溶剂;其中导电粒子为一纳米铜粒子、一次微米铜粒子与一微米铜粒子其中至少之一;以及该黏结剂包含一有机树脂与一无机化合物。
本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的制造方法包含:步骤一,将一黏结剂、一触变剂与一乙醇混合均匀,以获得一第一混合液,其中该黏结剂包含一有机树脂与一无机化合物;步骤二,将一溶剂加入该第一混合液,混合均匀后以获得一第二混合液;步骤三,将一导电粒子加入该第二混合液,使用均质刀具混合均匀以获得一导电铜浆前驱液,其中该导电粒子为一纳米铜粒子、一次微米铜粒子与一微米铜粒子其中至少之一;以及步骤四,移除该导电铜浆前驱液中的乙醇,以获得本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆。
本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆,可应用于制备导电薄膜,且导电薄膜可通过一印刷工艺形成,该印刷工艺为网版印刷、涂布印刷、浸涂印刷、喷涂印与喷墨印刷其中至少之一。
于本发明之一实施例中,导电粒子的粒径为50nm~3000nm。
于本发明之一实施例中,有机树脂包含一纤维素醚(cellulose ether)、一酚醛树脂(phenol-fromaldehyde resin)与一酚醛环氧树脂(phenolic epoxy resin)其中至少之一,且该无机化合物为二氧化硅(SiO2)或氧化锡(SnO2)。
于本发明的一实施例中,触变剂是包含一聚酰胺蜡类或一氧化聚乙烯蜡(oxidized polyethylene wax)。
于本发明之一实施例中,溶剂包含二乙二醇丁醚(diethylene glycol monobutylether)、松油醇(terpineol)与2,2,4-三甲基-1,3戊二醇单异丁酸酯(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediolmono(2-methylpropanoate))其中至少之一。
于本发明之一实施例中,抗氧化导电铜浆涂布于一基板,并经一加热固化步骤后以获得一导电薄膜印刷基板,其中该基板为玻璃基板、ITO玻璃基板、可挠性聚酰亚胺基板(PI基板)、异质PI基板(MPI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板(PET基板)、化镍镀金基板、美拉基板(Mylar基板)、硅基板、铜箔基板、铜箔软板、玻璃纤维板FR4、液晶高分子(LCP)板材或一陶瓷基板。
于本发明之一实施例中,加热固化步骤是将涂布有该抗氧化导电铜浆的该基板于140~850℃作用5~120分钟。
于本发明之一实施例中,网版印刷所使用的网版的网目数为32网目至520网目。
于本发明之一实施例中,网版印刷所获得的图案的网印图案的印制厚度为5微米(μm)至200微米(μm),印制线宽至少为40微米(μm)。
于本发明之一实施例中,导电薄膜印刷基板的电阻率为10-3欧姆·厘米至10-7欧姆·厘米。
本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆及其制造方法与应用,所制得的抗氧化导电铜浆组成均匀且分散性佳,能稳固的附着于基板上,并能提供优良的导电能力。
附图说明
图1:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆制备流程图。
图2A:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆固化后的扫描式电子显微镜照片(5000倍)。
图2B:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆固化后的扫描式电子显微镜照片(10000倍)。
图3A:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆印刷的电路板示意图。
图3B:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆制备的太阳能电池电极示意图。
图4A:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的印刷精密度光学显微镜照片(一)。
图4B:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的印刷精密度电子显微镜照片。
图4C:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的印刷精密度光学显微镜照片(二)。
图5A:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆附着力的百格测试分析图(一)。
图5B:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆附着力的百格测试分析图(二)。
图6A:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的抗氧化能力分析图(一)。
图6B:本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的抗氧化能力分析图(二)。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的及其结构功能上的优点,将依据以下附图所示的结构,配合具体实施例予以说明,以使本领域技术人员能对本发明有更深入且具体的了解;此外,通过下述具体实施例,可进一步证明本发明可实际应用的范围,但不应以任何形式限制本发明的范围。
一、抗氧化导电铜浆的制造方法
本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆包含70wt%~90wt%的一导电粒子,4wt%~16wt%的一黏结剂,0.5wt%~7wt%的一触变剂,以及5wt%~25wt%的一溶剂。于一较佳实施例中,本发明抗氧化导电铜浆含有80wt%~90wt%的一导电粒子,4wt%~16wt%的一黏结剂,0.5wt%~7wt%的一触变剂以及5wt%~15wt%的溶剂。
其中,导电粒子为一纳米铜粒子、一次微米铜粒子与一微米铜粒子其中至少之一,且粒径为50nm~3000nm;黏结剂包含一有机树脂与一无机化合物,有机树脂包含一纤维素醚、一酚醛树脂与一酚醛环氧树脂其中至少之一,且该无机化合物为二氧化硅(SiO2)或氧化锡(SnO2),其中有机树脂与无机化合物的比例为1:0.1~1:10之间;触变剂包含一聚酰胺蜡类或一氧化聚乙烯蜡;溶剂包含二乙二醇丁醚、松油醇与2,2,4-三甲基-1,3戊二醇单异丁酸酯其中至少之一。
请参见图1,本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的制造方法为:步骤一(S1),将一黏结剂、一触变剂与一乙醇混合均匀,以获得一第一混合液,其中该黏结剂包含一有机树脂与一无机化合物;步骤二(S2),将一溶剂加入该第一混合液,混合均匀后以获得一第二混合液;步骤三(S3),将一导电粒子加入该第二混合液,混合均匀以获得一导电铜浆前驱液,其中该导电粒子为一纳米铜粒子、一次微米铜粒子或一微米铜粒子;以及步骤四(S4),移除该导电铜浆前驱液中的乙醇,以获得该抗氧化导电铜浆。其中,步骤一所使用的乙醇为无水乙醇。
黏结剂为本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的黏度来源,在导电浆体或导电胶体的制备上,即利用黏结剂的黏结作用将导电粒子结合在一起,以形成导电通路,本发明使用的黏结剂包含有机树脂与无机化合物,其中的有机树脂包含纤维素醚、酚醛树脂与酚醛环氧树脂其中至少之一。
纤维素醚为纤维素制成、具有醚结构的高分子化合物,可为阴离子型、阳离子型和非离子型纤维素醚,且纤维素醚具有热塑性,可作为增稠剂、分散剂等等,可为甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、苄基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、氰乙基纤维素、苄基氰乙基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素和苯基纤维素其中至少之一。
酚醛树脂具有良好的耐热性、耐燃性与耐水性,且具有高黏结强度,包含了热固性酚醛树脂或热塑性酚醛树脂。酚醛环氧树脂的环氧基含量高,具有较大的黏度,且固化的后产物的交联密度高,可为苯酚型酚醛环氧树脂、邻甲酚型酚醛环氧树脂或是双酚A型酚醛环氧树脂。
本发明黏结剂中的无机化合物为二氧化硅(SiO2)或氧化锡(SnO2);二氧化硅或氧化锡与多种材料基板之间具有稳定且高强度的键结或连结性,可提高本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆附着于不同基板上的附着性;此外二氧化硅或氧化锡,亦可提高本发明制成的导电薄膜的机械强度与拉伸强度,且降低本发明制成的导电薄膜的膨胀系数,使导电薄膜更具有金属性质,以提高其稳定性及导电性。
触变剂是一种令溶液具有触变现象的助剂,触变剂可以与纤维素醚或是树脂一起使用,能使树脂胶液在静止时具有较大的黏度,但是在外力作用下,例如于搅拌树脂胶液或是将树脂胶液涂布于一基质上时,触变剂会受到外力的剪切作用而降低其黏度,使树脂胶液变稀而易于搅拌或是易于涂布;而当搅拌完成或是涂布完成后,触变剂的黏度又会恢复以使树脂胶液变稠而降低其流动性,并避免树脂胶液任意流淌。
本发明使用的触变剂包含一聚酰胺蜡类或一氧化聚乙烯蜡。聚酰胺蜡类具有高触变及高抗流挂性,触变行为较大,于低剪切力时黏度高,高剪切力时黏度低,适用范围广。氧化聚乙烯蜡为一种具有极性的蜡,亦具有触变特性。
又,本发明抗氧化导电铜胶中含有高比例的铜粒子,为了避免制备时使用水分作为溶剂而导致铜粒子的氧化而降低导电性,因此本发明使用的溶剂选用不含水分的二乙二醇丁醚、松油醇与2,2,4-三甲基-1,3戊二醇单异丁酸酯其中至少之一;本发明选用的溶剂亦具有隔绝空气的效果,以降低本发明使用的导电铜粒子的氧化。
于本发明之一实际实施例中,先将50g黏结剂、10mL触变剂与200mL的无水乙醇,于室温中混合均匀,以获得一第一混合液,其中黏结剂包含30g的纤维素醚和酚醛环氧树脂与20g的二氧化硅,且触变剂为聚酰胺蜡类;接着,将30g的二乙二醇丁醚加入第一混合液中,于室温下混匀以获得第二混合液;再将200g的铜粒子加入第二混合液中混合均匀,例如以一均质刀具进行混合步骤,以获得一导电铜浆前驱液,此实施例中所使用的铜粒子的粒径为300nm~1μm;最后,再去除导电铜浆前驱液所含有的乙醇,以获得抗氧化导电铜浆,并将此实施例所获得的抗氧化导电铜浆命名为样品一;最后可再使用一滚轮分散本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆,以移除其内部气泡,以利后续使用。
请参图2A和图2B,为本发明样品一的抗氧化导电铜浆于固化后的扫描式电子显微镜分析图,图2A为放大5000倍观察照片,且图2B为放大10000倍的观察照片。根据图2A和图2B的照片,本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆组成均匀,分散性佳,且经热固化后,导电铜粒子会熔融为一体,以使本发明固化后具有良好的导电性;此外,本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆热固化之后制成的导电薄膜具有不易氧化的优点,将制成的导电薄膜,例如一电极,经过85℃的高温与85%高湿度处理至少2000小时后,其整体特性仍未有明显改变。
二、以印刷方式将本发明抗氧化导电铜浆制备成导电薄膜
本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆可用于制备导电薄膜,且可通过一印刷工艺将本发明抗氧化导电铜浆涂布于一基板后,再经一加热固化步骤,以形成覆有导电薄膜的印刷基板,所使用的印刷工艺可包含网版印刷、涂布印刷、浸涂印刷、喷涂印刷与喷墨印刷其中至少之一;所使用的基板可包含玻璃基板、ITO玻璃基板、可挠性聚酰亚胺基板(PI基板)、异质PI基板(MPI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板(PET基板)、化镍镀金基板、美拉基板(Mylar基板)、硅基板、铜箔基板、铜箔软板、玻璃纤维板FR4、液晶高分子(LCP)板材或陶瓷基板。
以网版印刷将本发明抗氧化导电铜浆涂布于基板以制备导电薄膜时,所使用的网版的网目数可为32网目(mesh)至520网目之间,且将抗氧化导电铜浆涂布于基板上后,使涂布有抗氧化导电铜浆的基板于140~850℃作用5~120分钟,以完成一加热固化步骤,并使本发明抗氧化导电铜浆附着于基板上,制得一覆有导电薄膜的印刷基板(后称为导电薄膜印刷基板)。
在一网版印刷的实施例中,取少量上述样品一的抗氧化导电铜浆,放置于网目数为325网目、张力27~28NT的网版上,并将抗氧化导电铜浆网印于一玻璃纤维板FR4上,再进行加热固化步骤,以使抗氧化导电铜浆固化于玻璃纤维板FR4上,此实施例中,加热固化步骤的作用温度为180℃,作用时间为40分钟。请参见图3A,为本发明抗氧化导电铜浆于玻璃纤维板FR4上印刷成电路板的实施例示意图。此外,本发明亦可应用于制备太阳能电池的电极板,请再参见图3B,即为将本发明抗氧化导电铜浆以上述加热固化条件处理后,制成的太阳能电池电极板示意图。
进一步,将本发明抗氧化导电铜浆,放置于网目数为500网目、张力为25NT、厚度为12μm的网版,并印刷至一玻璃纤维板FR4上,以观察其印刷精密度;请参见图4A的光学显微镜照片,图4B的扫描式电子显微镜观察照片,以及图4C的的另一张光学显微镜照片,本发明抗氧化导电铜浆可于基板上形成线宽至少40微米(μm)、厚度约为5~10微米(μm)的线条。
三、本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的附着性测试
此实施例利用百格测试法测试本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的附着性;先将样品一涂布于玻璃基板上,并以温度200℃作用40分钟加热固化处理后,以获得一导电薄膜印刷基板,再以百格刀于导电薄膜印刷基板表面进行划痕以使导电薄膜印刷基板表面生成复数个网格,且划痕深度需要深及至基板处,再进行后续的百格测试,测试本发明抗氧化导电铜浆的附着力,测试方法简述如下:把3M公司生产、型号为3M#600的工业用测试胶带或是具有等同效力的胶纸牢牢黏住欲测试的区域,并以橡皮擦用力擦拭胶带或胶纸,以使测试胶带能确实的黏附于被测试区域,且使测试胶带与被测试区域的黏附接触程度完全一致;接着,用手抓住胶带一端,往垂直方向(90°)迅速撕下胶带或胶纸,并于同一位置进行两次测试,以测试导电铜浆于基板上的附着能力。请参见图5A和图5B,撕除胶纸后的导电薄膜印刷基板上,本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆加热固化后的形成的导电薄膜都能完整地附着于玻璃基板上,表示本发明抗氧化导电铜浆具有良好的附着性;且经过评估,本发明抗氧化导电铜浆制备成的导电薄膜印刷基板,其附着力的ISO class≦1,且ASTM class≧5。
此外,以本发明抗氧化导电铜浆制备成的导电薄膜印刷基板,经测试,其电阻率为10-3欧姆·厘米至10-7欧姆·厘米,因此本发明抗氧化导电铜浆制成的导电薄膜印刷基板具有优秀的导电能力。
四、抗氧化功效测试
取以本发明抗氧化导电铜浆制成的导电薄膜印刷基板,以高温与高湿度条件处理至少3000小时,再测试其薄膜电阻值(sheet resistance)的变化。请参见图6A,为将样品一于65℃、相对湿度65%的条件处理1000~6000小时,再测试不同时间处理后样品一的薄膜电阻值;根据图6A,以65℃、相对湿度65%的条件长时间处理后,各样品一的薄膜电阻值仍维持稳定状态,又此测试条件可代表样品一在室温环境下能维持至少25年的稳定性。又,请参见图6B,为将样品一于85℃、相对湿度85%的条件处理500~3000小时,再测试样品一的薄膜电阻;根据图6B,样品一于处理后的薄膜电阻值亦相当稳定且变化不大,且此测试条件可代表样品一能在室温下维持至少25年的稳定性。图6A和图6B的测试结果显示,以本发明抗氧化导电铜浆制成的导电薄膜印刷基板,即使以高温、高湿度处理,其导电性质仍能维持稳定状态,表示本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆确实不易氧化且相当稳定。
本发明抗氧化导电铜浆及其制造方法与应用,与现有技术相比,含有更高比例的铜粒子,且所制得的抗氧化导电铜浆分散性佳、具有高附着力、高导电性以及不易氧化的突出功效,同时兼具了低成本与高稳定性的优点。此外,本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆亦具有良好的耐热性质,其耐热温度可为140~850℃之间。
综上所述,本发明的抗氧化导电铜浆及其制造方法与应用,的确能通过上述所公开的实施例,达到所预期的使用功效,且本发明也未曾公开与申请前,完全符合专利法的规定与要求。
需要说明的是,上述所公开的图示及说明,仅为本发明的较佳实施例,非为限定本发明的保护范围;对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (15)
1.一种抗氧化导电铜浆,包含:70wt%~90wt%的一导电粒子,该导电粒子为一纳米铜粒子、一次微米铜粒子与一微米铜粒子其中至少之一;4wt%~16wt%的一黏结剂,其中该黏结剂包含一有机树脂与一无机化合物;0.5wt%~7wt%的一触变剂;以及5wt%~25wt%的一溶剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗氧化导电铜浆,其中该导电粒子的粒径为50nm~3000nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的抗氧化导电铜浆,其中该有机树脂包含一纤维素醚、一酚醛树脂与一酚醛环氧树脂其中至少之一,且该无机化合物为二氧化硅或氧化锡。
4.如权利要求1所述的抗氧化导电铜浆,其中该触变剂包含一聚酰胺蜡类或一氧化聚乙烯蜡。
5.如权利要求1所述的抗氧化导电铜浆,其中该溶剂包含二乙二醇丁醚、松油醇与2,2,4-三甲基-1,3戊二醇单异丁酸酯其中至少之一。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的抗氧化导电铜浆的制造方法,包含:
步骤一:将一黏结剂,一触变剂与一乙醇混合均匀,以获得一第一混合液,其中该黏结剂包含一有机树脂与一无机化合物;
步骤二:将一溶剂加入该第一混合液,混合均匀后以获得一第二混合液;
步骤三:将一导电粒子加入该第二混合液,混合均匀以获得一导电铜浆前驱液,其中该导电粒子为一纳米铜粒子、一次微米铜粒子与一微米铜粒子其中至少之一;以及
步骤四:移除该导电铜浆前驱液中的乙醇,以获得该抗氧化导电铜浆。
7.如权利要求6所述的抗氧化导电铜浆的制造方法,其中该抗氧化导电铜浆包含70wt%~90wt%的该导电粒子,4wt%~16wt%的该黏结剂,0.5wt%~7wt%的该触变剂以及5wt%~25wt%的该溶剂。
8.如权利要求6所述的抗氧化导电铜浆的制造方法,其中该导电粒子的粒径为50nm~3000nm。
9.如权利要求6所述的抗氧化导电铜浆的制造方法,其中该有机树脂包含一纤维素醚、一酚醛树脂与一酚醛环氧树脂其中至少之一,且该无机化合物为二氧化硅或氧化锡;其中该触变剂包含一聚酰胺蜡类或一氧化聚乙烯蜡;其中该溶剂包含二乙二醇丁醚、松油醇与2,2,4-三甲基-1,3戊二醇单异丁酸酯其中至少之一。
10.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的抗氧化导电铜浆在制备导电薄膜中的应用,且该导电薄膜可通过一印刷工艺形成,其中该印刷工艺为网版印刷、涂布印刷、浸涂印刷、喷涂印刷或喷墨印刷其中至少之一。
11.如权利要求10所述的抗氧化导电铜浆在制备导电薄膜中的应用,其中该抗氧化导电铜浆通过该印刷工艺涂布于一基板上,并经一加热固化步骤后以获得一导电薄膜印刷基板,其中该基板为玻璃基板、ITO玻璃基板、可挠性聚酰亚胺基板、异质PI基板、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板、化镍镀金基板、美拉基板、硅基板、铜箔基板、铜箔软板、玻璃纤维板FR4、液晶高分子板材或陶瓷基板。
12.如权利要求11所述的抗氧化导电铜浆在制备导电薄膜中的应用,其中该加热固化步骤是将涂布有该抗氧化导电铜浆的该基板于140~850℃作用5~120分钟。
13.如权利要求10所述的抗氧化导电铜浆在制备导电薄膜中的应用,其中该网版印刷所使用的网版的网目数为32网目至520网目。
14.如权利要求10所述的抗氧化导电铜浆在制备导电薄膜中的应用,其中该网版印刷所获得的网印图案的印制厚度为5微米至200微米,印制线宽至少为40微米。
15.如权利要求11所述的抗氧化导电铜浆在制备导电薄膜中的应用,其中该导电薄膜印刷基板的电阻率为10-3欧姆·厘米至10-7欧姆·厘米。
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CN107337965A (zh) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-11-10 | 厦门大学 | 一种抗氧化铜系导电油墨的制备方法 |
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CN116259435A (zh) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-06-13 | 嘉庚创新实验室 | 导电铜浆及其制备方法、应用 |
CN116417177A (zh) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-07-11 | 苏州锦艺新材料科技股份有限公司 | 陶瓷电容器用导电浆料及制备方法 |
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