CN112119727A - Method for applying nitrogen to mechanically-transplanted rice in whole growth period by one-time formula - Google Patents
Method for applying nitrogen to mechanically-transplanted rice in whole growth period by one-time formula Download PDFInfo
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- CN112119727A CN112119727A CN202011207857.2A CN202011207857A CN112119727A CN 112119727 A CN112119727 A CN 112119727A CN 202011207857 A CN202011207857 A CN 202011207857A CN 112119727 A CN112119727 A CN 112119727A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
Compared with the traditional rice cultivation and planting method, the method for applying nitrogen by the one-time formula in the whole growth period of the machine-transplanted rice improves the yield by accurate controlled-release fertilization, a fertilization formula and water and fertilizer management, and greatly reduces the labor cost of fertilization by applying nitrogen by the one-time formula. The invention solves the problems of more fertilization times and high labor cost in the existing machine-transplanted rice cultivation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a method for applying nitrogen to mechanically-transplanted rice in a one-time formula in the whole growth period.
Background
Compared with the traditional manual transplanting, the mechanized transplanting is realized by cultivating standardized seedlings, and the mechanized high-efficiency transplanting has the characteristics of high rice transplanting speed, good transplanting quality, time saving, labor saving and the like for farmers. Compared with the simplified direct seeding rice, the mechanized rice transplanting can prolong the whole growth period of the rice by cultivating the rice seedlings with the seedling age of about 20 days, improve the utilization efficiency of the rice to local temperature and light, and is easier to obtain high yield. Therefore, the machine-transplanted rice is a high-quality and high-efficiency mechanized planting mode in modern rice production.
The existing machine-transplanted rice cultivation technology has the problems of more fertilization times and high labor cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, a method for applying nitrogen in a one-time formula in the whole growth period of machine-transplanted rice is provided, so that the problems of more times of applying the nitrogen and high labor cost in the conventional machine-transplanted rice cultivation technology are solved.
In order to realize the aim, the method for applying nitrogen to the machine-transplanted rice in the whole growth period by the disposable formula comprises the following steps:
obtaining the number N of main stem leaves of the machine-transplanted rice, the number N of main stem extension internodes, and the number t of days for the ith leaf of the main stem of the rice to be drawn out from the leaf sheath of the (i-1) th leaf until the leaf is completely unfoldediThe days t required for transplanting the seedlings to green turning and survivalr；
Providing a compound fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer consists of 40-50% of common compound fertilizer, 10-20% of first controlled release fertilizer and 30-40% of second controlled release fertilizer based on 100% of total nitrogen content, and the controlled release days of the first controlled release fertilizer are (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN-n) The number of days of the maximum release rate of the first controlled release fertilizer is (t)r+tk+1+tk+2) The controlled release days of the second controlled release fertilizer are (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN+14), the maximum release rate of the first controlled release fertilizer over a period of days (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN-3) Wherein k is the kth complete leaf grown from the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice, and the compound fertilizer is applied to the field;
transplanting the machine-transplanted rice into the field to which the compound fertilizer is applied when the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice grows out the kth complete leaf;
in the N-N-1 leaf age of the machine-transplanted rice, the field naturally falls dry until the soil and water potential is-25 kPa, and rehydration is carried out, and the steps are repeated until the N-N +2 leaf age of the machine-transplanted rice;
and after the N-N +2 leaf age period of the machine-transplanted rice, the field naturally falls dry until the soil and water potential is-5 kPa, and rehydration is carried out, and the steps are repeated until one week before the machine-transplanted rice is harvested.
Further, the step of applying the compound fertilizer to the field comprises spreading the compound fertilizer into the field at one time and plowing the fertilizer into the soil before transplanting the machine-transplanted rice.
Further, the compound fertilizer comprises 40% of common compound fertilizer, 15% of first controlled release fertilizer and 45% of second controlled release fertilizer.
Further, when the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice grows to have the 3 rd complete leaf, transplanting the machine-transplanted rice into the field to which the compound fertilizer is applied.
Further, when the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice grows to have the 4 th complete leaf, transplanting the machine-transplanted rice into the field to which the compound fertilizer is applied.
The method has the advantages that compared with the traditional rice cultivation and planting method, the yield is improved through accurate controlled-release fertilization, fertilization formula and water and fertilizer management, and the labor cost of fertilization is greatly reduced through the one-time nitrogen fertilizer application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the correlation between the number of days of full-expansion and the release of fertilizer in the leaf extraction of machine-transplanted rice according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for applying nitrogen to mechanically-transplanted rice in a one-time formula in the whole growth period, which comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining the number N of main stem leaves of the machine-transplanted rice, the number N of main stem extension internodes, and the number t of days for the ith leaf of the main stem of the rice to be drawn out from the leaf sheath of the (i-1) th leaf until the leaf is completely unfoldediThe days t required for transplanting the seedlings to green turning and survivalr。
Specifically, the following data were investigated in the planting process of mechanical rice transplanting:
the total number of complete leaves of the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice was recorded as N.
The number of the main stem elongation internodes of the machine-transplanted rice is marked as n.
During the growth of the machine-transplanted rice, the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice grows out the ith complete leaf, wherein i is 1, 2, 3, 4 … N.
The number of days from the extraction of the ith leaf from the (i-1) th leaf sheath to the complete expansion of the leaf of the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice is recorded as ti。
Days t required for transplanting machine-transplanted rice to green turning and alive grainsr
S2: providing a compound fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer consists of 40-50 percent of common compound fertilizer, 10-20 percent of first controlled release fertilizer and 30-40 percent of second controlled release fertilizer based on 100 percent of total nitrogen content, and the controlled release days of the first controlled release fertilizer are (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN-n) First, aThe maximum release rate of the controlled release fertilizer is (t) daysr+tk+1+tk+2) The controlled release days of the second controlled release fertilizer are (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN+14), the maximum release rate of the second controlled release fertilizer over the days (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN-3) Wherein k is the k th complete leaf grown from the main stem when the machine-transplanted rice is transplanted, preferably, the value of k is 3 or 4, and the compound fertilizer is applied to the field.
The total pure nitrogen dosage (Y) required by the machine-transplanted rice in the lifetime is determined according to the difference between the nitrogen demand of the rice in the field area (region) and the nitrogen supply of the local soil (namely the nitrogen quantity absorbed by the rice from the soil).
The one-time applied compound fertilizer for the machine-transplanted rice is calculated by taking the total pure nitrogen dosage (Y) as 100 percent, and comprises 40 to 50 percent of common compound fertilizer, 10 to 20 percent of first controlled release fertilizer and 30 to 40 percent of second controlled release fertilizer. Referring to fig. 1, a fertilizer efficiency curve of a general compound fertilizer (i.e., a conventional compound fertilizer) is a fertilizer efficiency release curve a, a fertilizer efficiency release curve B of a first controlled-release fertilizer, and a fertilizer efficiency release curve C of a second controlled-release fertilizer. After all fertilizers are mixed, the mixture is applied and ploughed into soil once before rice transplantation.
S3: transplanting the machine-transplanted rice into a field applied with compound fertilizer when the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice grows the kth complete leaf.
During transplanting, enough basic seedlings are planted according to expected basic seedlings of rice, generally 7-9 ten thousand basic seedlings of conventional rice per mu, and 3-5 ten thousand basic seedlings of hybrid rice per mu.
S4: and in the N-N-1 leaf age of the machine-transplanted rice, rehydrating the field when the field naturally falls dry until the soil and water potential is-25 kPa, and repeating the above steps until the N-N +2 leaf age of the machine-transplanted rice.
S5: and after the N-N +2 leaf age period of the machine-transplanted rice, the field naturally falls dry until the soil and water potential is-5 kPa, and rehydration is carried out, and the steps are repeated until one week before the machine-transplanted rice is harvested.
Under the condition of machine transplanting, the main stem leaf yield quantity of different rice varieties is closely related to rice production and development, when the leaf age of the main stem is (N-N), the rice growth is in an effective tillering critical leaf age, and the tillering fertilizer is applied to promote tillering to generate enough effective spike number before the leaf age of the main stem is 4-N to (N-N). When 3.5 leaves of the main stem are not extracted (the leaf age is 3.5), the rice production is in the stage of spike differentiation and leaf age, and spike fertilizer is applied when the leaf age is 3.5 leaves to promote spike flower differentiation and inhibit spike flower degeneration.
And calculating the days of the rice from transplanting to the key period of fertilizer requirement according to the corresponding relation between the number of the main stem leaves of the rice and the key period of growth and development of the main stem leaves, the number of the leaves extracted from the main stem and the days of the single leaf from extraction to complete development.
The controlled release fertilizer with fertilizer effect release curve similar to S type is produced by polymer coating technology, and 2 kinds of controlled release fertilizers, namely a first controlled release fertilizer and a second controlled release fertilizer, are produced by different thicknesses of coatings (hydrolyzed or degradable coatings). Wherein the maximum release rate of the first controlled release fertilizer is (t) daysr+tk+1+tk+2) The controlled release days of the first controlled release fertilizer are (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN-n) (ii) a The maximum release rate of the second controlled release fertilizer is (t) daysr+tk+1+tk+2+……tN-3) The controlled release days of the second controlled release fertilizer are (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+……tN+14)。
To further illustrate the method of applying nitrogen to the whole growth period of the mechanically transplanted rice in the disposable formula of the present invention, the following examples are given.
Example one
The rice variety is Nanjing 9108, the total leaf number of main stems of the rice under the condition of mechanical transplanting is 16, and the number of extended internodes is 6. The thousand-grain weight of the variety is 26.2g, 8 ten thousand basic seedlings per mu are expected under the condition of mechanical transplanting, the row spacing is 30cm during transplanting, the plant spacing is 11.7cm, and 4-5 seedlings per hole are expected.
And calculating the days of the rice from transplanting to the key period of fertilizer requirement according to the corresponding relation between the number of the main stem leaves of the rice and the key period of growth and development of the main stem leaves, the number of the leaves extracted from the main stem and the days of the single leaf from extraction to complete development.
The release curve is S-shaped controlled release fertilizer produced by polymer coating technology, and the controlled release fertilizer is produced by different coating thicknesses2 kinds of controlled release fertilizers (a first controlled release fertilizer and a second controlled release fertilizer). Wherein the maximum release rate of the first controlled release fertilizer is 17 days (t)r+tk+1+tk+217), the controlled release days of the first controlled release fertilizer is 39 days (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…t N-n7+5+5+5+ 6+6 ═ 39); the maximum release rate of the controlled release fertilizer of the second controlled release fertilizer is 57 days (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN-3The controlled release days of the second controlled release fertilizer are 57 days (t is 7+5+5+5+ 6+6 +/57)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN+14＝7+5+5+5+5+6+6+6+6+7+7+7+7+7＝92)。
Determining the total pure nitrogen consumption of the rice in the lifetime according to the difference between the nitrogen demand of the rice in the area and the nitrogen supply of the local soil (the nitrogen quantity absorbed by the rice from the soil). In this example, the amount of nitrogen applied to the rice is 18kg/667m2The method is characterized in that quick-acting compound fertilizers (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15: 15) are used for 40 percent of total nitrogen, the first controlled-release fertilizer with the maximum release rate day of 20 days and the controlled-release day of 40 days is used for 15 percent of total nitrogen, and the second controlled-release fertilizer with the maximum release rate day of 60 days and the controlled-release day of 95 days is used for 45 percent of total nitrogen. After the 3 fertilizers are mixed, the mixture is applied at one time and ploughed into soil before rice transplantation.
Water content management: after the rice is transplanted, a shallow water layer is kept in the field, the field naturally falls to be dry until the water potential reaches about-25 kPa for rehydration at the age of 9 leaves of the rice, the water potential is rehydrated until the age of 12 leaves of the rice, the field naturally falls to be dry until the water potential reaches about-5 kPa for rehydration after the age of 12 leaves of the rice, and the water potential is rehydrated until one week before harvesting.
Comparative example 1
The pure nitrogen amount applied in the first time of rice is 18kg/667m by adopting the local conventional nutrient formula and application method2. 35 percent of the total nitrogen is compound fertilizer (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15: 15), and the compound fertilizer is applied before transplanting; urea accounts for 35 percent of the total nitrogen (the nitrogen content is 46 percent), and the urea is applied 7 to 10 days after transplantation; 15% of total nitrogen is compound fertilizer (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15: 15), and the compound fertilizer is applied when leaves are aged for the rest of 3.5 leaves; the total nitrogen is 15% of urea (nitrogen content is 46%), and the total nitrogen is applied when leaves are aged and 2 leaves are left. The water content management is the same as the first embodiment.
The results showed that there was no significant difference in the yield of the machine-transplanted rice under the conditions of example one and its constitutional factors, compared to comparative example one, shown in table 1, wherein there was a significant difference in the effective ear number and the grain number per ear between example one and comparative example one, and the yield was improved in the example one compared to the comparative example one in terms of yield. On the other hand, in the aspects of fertilization times and labor cost, the first embodiment can save 3 times of manual fertilization compared with the first comparative example.
TABLE 1 Rice yields and their constituent factors differences between example one and comparative example one
Therefore, compared with the traditional rice cultivation and planting method, the method for applying nitrogen in the machine-transplanted rice one-time formula in the whole growth period improves the yield through accurate controlled-release fertilization, a fertilization formula and water and fertilizer management, and greatly reduces the labor cost of fertilization through applying nitrogen in the one-time formula.
It should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings attached to the present specification are only used for matching the disclosure of the present specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical essence, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
While the present invention has been described in detail and with reference to the embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein. Therefore, certain details of the embodiments are not to be interpreted as limiting, and the invention is to be defined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for applying nitrogen to machine-transplanted rice in a one-time formula in the whole growth period is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining the number N of main stem leaves of the machine-transplanted rice, the number N of main stem extension internodes, and the number t of days for the ith leaf of the main stem of the rice to be drawn out from the leaf sheath of the (i-1) th leaf until the leaf is completely unfoldediThe days t required for transplanting the seedlings to green turning and survivalr；
Providing a compound fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer consists of 40-50% of common compound fertilizer, 10-20% of first controlled release fertilizer and 30-40% of second controlled release fertilizer based on 100% of total nitrogen content, and the controlled release days of the first controlled release fertilizer are (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN-n) The number of days of the maximum release rate of the first controlled release fertilizer is (t)r+tk+1+tk+2) The controlled release days of the second controlled release fertilizer are (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN+14), the maximum release rate of the first controlled release fertilizer over a period of days (t)r+tk+1+tk+2+…tN-3) Wherein k is the kth complete leaf grown from the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice, and the compound fertilizer is applied to the field;
transplanting the machine-transplanted rice into the field to which the compound fertilizer is applied when the main stem of the machine-transplanted rice grows out the kth complete leaf;
in the N-N-1 leaf age of the machine-transplanted rice, the field naturally falls dry until the soil and water potential is-25 kPa, and rehydration is carried out, and the steps are repeated until the N-N +2 leaf age of the machine-transplanted rice;
and after the N-N +2 leaf age period of the machine-transplanted rice, the field naturally falls dry until the soil and water potential is-5 kPa, and rehydration is carried out, and the steps are repeated until one week before the machine-transplanted rice is harvested.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of applying the compound fertilizer to the field comprises spreading the compound fertilizer into the field at one time and plowing into the soil before transplanting the machine-transplanted rice.
3. The method for applying nitrogen to direct-seeded rice in a one-time formula during the whole growth period as claimed in claim 2, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises 40% of a common compound fertilizer, 15% of a first controlled-release fertilizer and 45% of a second controlled-release fertilizer.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the machine-transplanted rice is transplanted into the field to which the compound fertilizer is applied, when the stem of the machine-transplanted rice grows to have 3 rd complete leaves.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the machine-transplanted rice is transplanted into the field to which the compound fertilizer is applied, when the stem of the machine-transplanted rice grows to have 4 th complete leaves.
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2020
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