CN112119248A - 密封组件和流体阀 - Google Patents

密封组件和流体阀 Download PDF

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CN112119248A
CN112119248A CN201980024996.0A CN201980024996A CN112119248A CN 112119248 A CN112119248 A CN 112119248A CN 201980024996 A CN201980024996 A CN 201980024996A CN 112119248 A CN112119248 A CN 112119248A
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valve
valve body
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fluid valve
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CN112119248B (zh
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闫春晓
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/08—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks
    • F16K11/087—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with spherical plug
    • F16K11/0873—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with spherical plug the plug being only rotatable around one spindle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/04—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having cylindrical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0457—Packings
    • F16K5/0471—Packings between housing and plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/08—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks
    • F16K11/085—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with cylindrical plug
    • F16K11/0853—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with cylindrical plug having all the connecting conduits situated in a single plane perpendicular to the axis of the plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/04—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having cylindrical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0407—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having cylindrical surfaces; Packings therefor with particular plug arrangements, e.g. particular shape or built-in means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/04—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having cylindrical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/045—Particular coverings and materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0605—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor with particular plug arrangements, e.g. particular shape or built-in means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0663—Packings
    • F16K5/0689—Packings between housing and plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/08—Details
    • F16K5/14—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together
    • F16K5/20—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together for plugs with spherical surfaces
    • F16K5/204—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together for plugs with spherical surfaces with the plugs or parts of the plugs mechanically pressing the seals against the housing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/08—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P2007/146—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Taps Or Cocks (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种应用在流体阀(14)、尤其是冷却水阀形式的流体阀、尤其是应用在车辆中的冷却水阀形式的流体阀中的密封组件(2)，该密封组件包括：用于打开和关闭流体阀(14)的至少一个接口(16,18,20)的可调节的阀体(4,5)，以及用于一方面密封地贴靠在阀体(5)上、另一方面密封地贴靠在流体阀(14)的阀壳体上的至少一个密封件(6)。在阀体(5)上在局部从阀体外侧表面形成有至少一个凸起部(8)以用于在流体阀(14)的关闭位置使密封件(6)起作用。

Description

密封组件和流体阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种密封组件和一种流体阀或具有这种密封组件的流体控制阀。流体阀或流体控制阀在此尤其是指尤其应用在车辆中的冷却水阀或冷却水控制阀。车辆在此是指任意类型的、必须被供给液态和/或气态燃料来运行的车辆，但尤其是指乘用车辆和/或生产用车辆。此外，车辆也可以是部分电动的或全电动的车辆，但尤其是指乘用车辆和/或生产用车辆。
背景技术
这种密封可以有不同作用。它们可以例如用于避免或至少限制所不期望的流体损失。流体在此指的是液态的和/或气态的介质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种应用在流体阀中的、尤其是冷却水阀形式的流体阀中的密封组件，所述冷却水阀尤其是应用在车辆中的冷却水阀，其中，该密封组件应考虑到鉴于已知的在内燃机周围和/或电动机周围的大的温度波动而对长期密封性提出的最高要求。密封组件此外还应能够以成本有利的方式制造。此外，密封组件应使得流体阀能够以优化力和摩擦的方式运行。
该目的通过权利要求1实现，权利要求1要求保护一种应用在流体阀中的密封组件。此外还要求保护一种具有这种密封组件的流体阀(参照权利要求6)，以及流体阀作为冷却水阀的应用(参照权利要求8)。本发明的有利实施方式是从属权利要求的主题。
本发明提出了一种应用在流体阀中的密封组件。该密封组件在此包括：
·用于打开和关闭流体阀的至少一个接口的可调节的阀体，以及
·用于一方面密封地贴靠在阀体上、另一方面密封地贴靠在流体阀的阀壳体上的至少一个密封件。
在此，在所提出的阀体上在局部从阀体外侧表面形成有至少一个凸起部以用于在流体阀的关闭位置使密封件起作用。
所述凸起部在此指的是阀体的轮廓或凸起的轮廓，它从阀体外侧表面突出来或从阀体外侧表面凸起，以便根据阀体位置与对应的密封件共同作用。在阀体的关闭位置上——这等同于流体阀的关闭位置——该轮廓压靠于密封件的线状地或线式地和/或面状地或面式地起到密封作用的接触部位。由此该密封件被压紧或挤紧，该密封件本身由于与阀体的共同作用而能够弹性变形。这又伴随着使密封件起作用，该密封件本身只通过这种弹性变形才发挥其完全的密封作用。而在该关闭位置之外该密封件被松弛，这是因为在该关闭位置之外不需要密封效果所以密封件不与所述的凸起的轮廓共同作用。
阀体外侧表面的所提出的凸起部或凸起的轮廓因而使流体阀能够以优化力和摩擦的方式运行。这又使得在用于控制流体阀的执行单元方面的电消耗或能量消耗更少。而这又防止了执行单元自身变热且由此有利于其使用寿命。
所提出的凸起部或凸起的轮廓此外方便了具有之前所述的密封组件的流体阀的安装。
该轮廓的表面及其与阀体的具有该轮廓的部段的过渡部在此有利地被设计为光滑的，使得密封件在与该轮廓共同作用时不会受损。
根据一种实施方式，凸起部有利地闭合环绕地形成在阀体外侧表面上。这使得密封件沿着其周向延伸部均匀地弹性变形，即，使密封件沿着其周向延伸部均匀地起作用。
根据另一实施方式，具有凸起部的阀体部段可以被设计为球状的。这带来了密封件的特别好的密封效果。原则上，阀体也可以被设计为柱状或基本上为柱状，或者甚至具有其他构型，例如局部为球状和/或柱状的构型。但原则上也可以想到具有凸起部的阀体部段的与之不同的其他凸状拱顶。
根据另一实施方式，密封件的朝向阀体的端面或朝向阀体的端侧末端相对于密封件的纵向方向在与阀体构型相对应的情况下被斜着安置或者说是倾斜的。端面或端侧末端在此可以与该纵向方向围出约45°至75°的角。这也有利于密封组件的密封效果。
此外提出了一种流体阀，具有之前所述类型的密封组件以用于密封流体阀的至少一个接口区域，该流体阀尤其是能够起到混合阀和/或分配阀的作用的多路阀形式。但流体阀原则上也可以被理解为切换阀、截止阀等。
此外提出了这种流体阀作为尤其是车辆的冷却水阀的应用。该冷却水阀在此可以具有混合阀、分配阀、切换阀、截止阀和/或诸如此类的阀的功能。
附图说明
下面参照附图详述本发明。由从属权利要求中和下面对所提出的实施方式的详细描述中得出本发明的其他有利的实施方案。对此示出：
图1以透视图示出所提出的密封组件的实施方式，
图2以透视图示出密封组件的在图1中示出的、提出的阀体，
图3以剖视图示出具有图1中所示的密封组件的多路流体阀，以及
图4示出图3的放大的局部。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了应用在车辆的冷却水阀或冷却水控制阀(也称作冷却水调节阀)中的密封组件2。该密封组件2在此具有由塑料制成的、例如注塑形成的、可调节的阀体4以及总共两个或三个密封件6。该阀体4在此例如可由PA66塑料、PPA塑料或PPS塑料形成。
阀体4的部段5(密封件6位于该部段处)在此有利地被形成为球状。原则上，部段5可以被设计为柱状和/或球状。该部段5的凸出的拱顶在此也可以与传统的球状不同。
图2示出了在阀体部段5处局部形成/成型的、闭合环绕的凸起部或凸起的轮廓8，该轮廓本身呈圆环状且与当时所能对应的、圆环状的密封件6相对应地从阀体部段5的外侧表面突出来或者说凸出于该外侧表面。阀体4在此例如与杆12一体式设计，该杆被形成在阀体部段5处。在杆的自由的末端处，该杆12承载着花键型材，通过该花键型材，阀体4能够被执行单元(杆12伸入到该执行单元中)以能够沿至少一个方向、但优选沿两个方向、即沿顺时针方向和/或沿逆时针方向枢转/摆动的方式电动地调节。还可以看出形成在阀体部段5中的穿孔10，冷却水经由该穿孔流过。
图3示例性示出了具有总共三个接口16、18、20的多路冷却水阀14，这些接口能够根据需要被打开或关闭以及密封。阀体4在此明显处于相对于接口18的关闭位置，在该位置时，接口18被阀体部段5关闭且完全被密封。在阀体4的所示的该位置上，冷却水经由打开的接口16、20以及经由穿孔10流过。为简单起见，在图3中对总共三个可能的密封件6仅示出了其中两个。原则上也可以在该实施例中不使用在此未示出的该第三密封件6。图3在此示出了，仅在被关闭的接口18方面，阀体部段5通过其凸起部8与对应的密封件6作用连接。而在阀体5的该位置时打开的其他接口16、20方面，不存在该作用连接，因为在阀体5的该位置上不需要相对应的密封件6的密封作用。
尤其是从图4中能够看出凸起部8与密封件6的朝向阀体部段5的端面之间的共同作用。密封件6在此由于阀体部段5而弹性变形。密封件6在此被设计为一件式的且具有可弹性变形的塑料基本件，例如包括弹性体、例如EPDM(EPDM代表“Ethylen-Propylen-Dien”(三元乙丙橡胶))的塑料基本件，在该塑料基本件的在阀体侧的第一端面上使例如薄的硬塑料层硫化。起到硬密封元件作用的该硬塑料层可以例如包括PTFE(PTFE代表“Polytetrafluorethylen”(聚四氟乙烯))和/或类似物。密封件6的在阀体侧的端面还有利地包括圆环状的闭合环绕的隆起部，该隆起部与凸起部8以静态地且线状地或线式地和/或面状地或面式地密封的方式共同作用。在隆起部的区域中，薄的硬塑料层与塑料基本件互补地成形，其中，塑料基本件延伸到硬塑料层中且由此形成该隆起部。而密封件6的相对置的第二端面(该第二端面也同样可以设有隆起部)则以动态地且线状地或线式地和/或面状地或面式地密封的方式贴靠在流体阀14的阀壳体上。该密封件6还有利地包括由塑料或金属制成的支承环，该支承环相对于密封件6的通孔在内侧或内部贴靠在塑料基本件上且实现了密封件6向阀壳体中的稳固的安装。
原则上，由图1、3和4所示的密封组件2并不限于所述的密封件6。而是要将所述的密封件6理解成示例性的，因为在该公开方案的范围内所提出的阀体4、5也可以与其他密封件设计方案相组合，这些密封件设计方案本身可以有利地由于阀体4、5而弹性变形且由此能够起作用。
阀体部段5的凸起部或凸起的轮廓8起到了在关闭和密封各接口16、18、20中的一个接口时需要克服掉的一个台阶部的作用。在此该轮廓8压靠于对应的密封件6的线状地或线式地和/或面状地或面式地起密封作用的接触部位，由此该密封件6弹性变形并在此被压紧或挤紧。这又伴随着使密封件起作用，该密封件本身只通过这种弹性变形才发挥其完全的密封作用。而在该关闭位置之外该密封件6被松弛，这是因为不需要密封效果所以密封件不与所述阀体5作用连接。该凸起部或该轮廓8在此有利地被设计为光滑的或平滑的，使其在与相应可对应的密封件6共同作用时不会损坏密封件。
所提出的阀体4、5因而使流体阀14能够以优化力和摩擦的方式运行。这又使得在之前所述的用于控制流体阀的执行单元方面的电消耗或能量消耗更少。而这又防止了执行单元自身变热且由此有利于其使用寿命。
虽然在上面的说明中阐述的是示例性的实施方式，但应指出的是，也可以有多种改型方案。此外要指出的是，在这些示例性实施方式中涉及的仅是示例，而非对保护范围、应用方案和构造的限制。而是通过上面的说明给本领域技术人员提供了用于实现至少一个示例性的实施方案的启示，在此能够做出各种改变，尤其是在所述组成部分的功能和布置结构方面做出改变，而不脱离如从权利要求和与其等效的特征组合所得出的保护范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种应用在流体阀(14)中的密封组件，包括：
·用于打开和关闭流体阀(14)的至少一个接口(16,18,20)的可调节的阀体(4,5)，以及
·用于一方面密封地贴靠在阀体(5)上、另一方面密封地贴靠在流体阀(14)的阀壳体上的至少一个密封件(6)，
其中，在阀体(5)上在局部从阀体外侧表面形成有至少一个凸起部(8)以用于在流体阀(14)的关闭位置使密封件(6)起作用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的密封组件，其中，所述凸起部(8)闭合环绕地形成在阀体外侧表面上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的密封组件，其中，阀体(4)的具有凸起部(8)的部段(5)被设计为柱状的和/或球状的。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的密封组件，其中，密封件(6)的朝向阀体(5)的端面相对于密封件(6)的纵向方向(X-X)在与阀体(5)的构型相对应的情况下被斜着安置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的密封组件，其中，所述端面与所述纵向方向(X-X)围出45°至75°的角。
6.一种具有根据上述权利要求之一所述的密封组件(2)的流体阀，所述密封组件用于密封流体阀(14)的至少一个接口区域。
7.根据权利要求6所述的、多路流体阀(14)形式的流体阀。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的流体阀(14)作为冷却水阀的应用。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的流体阀(14)作为车辆的冷却水阀的应用。
10.一种阀体，该阀体应用在根据权利要求1至5之一所述的密封组件中和/或应用在根据权利要求6或7所述的流体阀中，其中，在阀体(4,5)上在局部从阀体外侧表面形成有至少一个凸起部(8)以用于在流体阀(14)的关闭位置使密封件(6)起作用。
11.根据权利要求10所述的阀体，其中，所述凸起部(8)闭合环绕地形成在阀体外侧表面上。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的阀体，其中，所述阀体(4)的具有凸起部(8)的部段(5)被设计为柱状的和/或球状的。
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