CN112107747A - 一种拔火罐 - Google Patents
一种拔火罐 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112107747A CN112107747A CN202010796944.XA CN202010796944A CN112107747A CN 112107747 A CN112107747 A CN 112107747A CN 202010796944 A CN202010796944 A CN 202010796944A CN 112107747 A CN112107747 A CN 112107747A
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- cupping
- glass
- ceramic
- cup
- pore
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Images
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/04—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by dissolving-out added substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种拔火罐,包括罐体,所有罐体包括多个气孔,具有5‑10(10‑10cm3)透气系数。本申请的拔火罐,适合人体呼吸,相对于传统拔火罐,加强了对治疗或者辅助治疗多种疾病的效果。使用过程中疼痛感减轻,同时降低了使用后皮肤感染的风险。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗器械,特别地涉及一种拔火罐。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展,计算机办公的普及以及人们生活节奏的加快,生活、学习的压力越来越大大,使越来越多的上班族和学生患上颈椎病、肩周炎、腰肌劳损、腰椎间盘突出等常见慢性疾病。由于新陈代谢减慢,更多老年性疾病也在威胁老年人的健康,如老年性慢性支气管炎、肺水肿,甚至引发心脏病等疾病。
拔火罐治疗疾病是一种传统的疗法,以罐为工具,利用火燃烧产生负压,使罐吸附于体表,造成局部瘀血,借此达到通经活络、行气活血、消肿止痛、祛风散寒等作用。火罐是中国传统医学的宝贵遗产,其产生于中国古代。
经过长时期的临床应用,拔火罐对慢性疾病取得了较好的治疗效果。火罐可通过调节人体内的气血运行,对亚健康状态进行调节。越来越多的人选择通过拔火罐缓解慢性病带来的痛感,同时减缓慢性病的发展。
但是,由于拔火罐过程中需使拔火罐内形成负压后吸附人体皮肤表面,这会使使用者产生不适,甚至疼痛感。进一步地,拔火罐后,使用者身上都会或深或浅留下深色印记,甚至印记中还会形成水泡,既降低使用者皮肤美感,又增加感染的风险,疼痛伴随着整个深色印记愈合过程。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种拔火罐,包括罐体,所有罐体包括多个气孔,具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述罐体的气孔率为2%-8%。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述气孔的显气孔率为25%-30%。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述罐体上的气孔数差异为3.1×104-1.2×105个/平方厘米。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述气孔的孔径分布满足50%以上的气孔直径为2nm-50nm。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述罐体为微孔陶瓷。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用模板法制备。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用造孔剂法制备,包括使用二氧化硅、氧化铝、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、淀粉中的一种或多种制备。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用造孔剂法制备,包括使用玻璃粉、二氧化硅、氧化镁、碳酸钾中的一种或多种制备。
如上任一所述的拔火罐,其中所述造孔剂法使用的造孔剂为淀粉、碳酸钾、氧化铝、蔗糖、蛋清中的一种或多种。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用骨料堆积法制备,包括利用黏土、长石、滑石、煤粉中的一种或多种制备。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用凝胶注模法制备,包括利用氧化铝、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酸—羟乙酯(HEMA)、亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAM)、过硫酸铵(APS)、四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)、柠檬酸铵(TAC)、十二烷基硫酸钠中的一种或多种制备。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用凝胶注膜法制备,包括使用氮化硅、磷酸盐、聚丙烯酸、琼脂糖、氨水中的一种或多种制备。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用发泡法制备,包括使用卵清蛋白、三氧化锆、蔗糖、聚甲基丙烯酸氨(Darvan C)中的一种或多种制备。
如上所述的拔火罐,其中所述发泡法使用的发泡剂为氮化硅、碳化硅、碳化钙、氢氧化钙、铝粉、硫酸铝、双氧水、硫化物和硫酸盐混合物、卵清蛋白、淀粉、亲水性聚氨酯塑料、偶氮化合物、磺酰肼类化合物、亚硝基化合物、氮气、二氧化碳、甲烷、氢气、戊烷、异戊烷、己烷、二氯甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、皂角苷、骨胶、蛋白素、干酪、胶质松脂皂、水胶中的一种或者多种。
一种制备拔火罐的方法,包括:将基础原料混合,形成基础粉;在基础粉中加入造孔剂,形成原料粉;在原料粉中加入溶剂,制成坯体;压制成坯体;烧制坯体制成罐体;其中,所述罐体具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
一种制备拔火罐的方法,包括:将原料混合,制备陶瓷粉;将陶瓷粉倒入模具中,其中,所述模具部浸入冷冻剂中,所述模具上口敞开;烧制,制成罐体;其中,所述罐体具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
一种制备拔火罐的方法,包括:将骨料加入水中;加入分散剂,制成原料浆;加入造孔剂,形成陶瓷浆;将陶瓷浆倒入模具中;烧制,制成罐体;其中,所述罐体具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
一种制备拔火罐的方法,包括:将发泡剂加入骨料中;加入分散剂及其他添加剂;固化成型;烧制,制成罐体;其中,所述罐体具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
本申请的拔火罐,适合人体呼吸,相对于传统拔火罐,加强了对治疗或者辅助治疗多种疾病的效果。使用过程中疼痛感减轻,同时降低了使用后皮肤感染的风险。
附图说明
下面,将结合附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行进一步详细的说明,其中:
图1A是根据本发明的一个实施例的烧结条件1;
图1B是根据本发明的一个实施例的烧结条件2;
图1C是根据本发明的一个实施例的烧结条件3;
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的不同拔火罐对兔体表温度刺激比较;以及
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的不同拔火罐对兔体表皮肤伤害刺激比较,其中A图为实验组兔表皮,B图为对照组兔表皮。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在以下的详细描述中,可以参看作为本申请一部分用来说明本申请的特定实施例的各个说明书附图。在附图中,相似的附图标记在不同图式中描述大体上类似的组件。本申请的各个特定实施例在以下进行了足够详细的描述,使得具备本领域相关知识和技术的普通技术人员能够实施本申请的技术方案。应当理解,还可以利用其它实施例或者对本申请的实施例进行结构、逻辑或者电性的改变。
本申请中涉及的词语具有以下含义:
本文所说的透气系数是指拔火罐可以透过空气快慢的程度。
本文所说的气孔率是指形成拨火罐罐体的玻璃、陶瓷等具有气孔数量的百分比,这些气孔可以分为贯穿罐体的气孔和不贯穿罐体的气孔,贯穿罐体的气孔,本文称其为显气孔。其中显气孔由于贯穿罐体,使得拔火罐具有透气性。
本文所说的气孔数差异是指拔火罐每平方厘米的表面上,具有气孔的数量。如,气孔数差异为3.1×104-1.2×105个/平方厘米,是指罐体表面上每平方里面的气孔数量最少为3.1×104个、最多为1.2×105个。其中,气孔数差异的数值是通过孔径大小和孔隙率计算得出的,其计算公式为:
单位表面积*孔隙率/平均孔隙面积,其中平均孔隙面积由平均孔径计算得出(假设所有孔隙为圆形)。气孔数差异可以体现气孔分布的均匀度。
本文所说的吸水率是指将拔火罐放入沸水中煮30分钟,取出后用滤纸吸除表面水分,称重。然后将拔火罐放入烘箱中烘干,再称重。则得到相应吸水率公式:吸水率=(饱吸水后拔火罐质量-干燥拔火罐质量)/干燥拔火罐质量。计算得出结果即为每个拔火罐的吸水率。吸水率可以反映拔火罐的气孔率。
本文所说的模板法是指一种可以精确控制孔结构、孔大小及其分布的技术。在本申请中,可以使用聚合物模板法获得多孔陶瓷。在本申请的一个实施例中,聚合物模板法也叫造孔剂法。陶瓷为壳,聚合物为核的核壳结构作为模板,经短少取出聚合物,生成多孔陶瓷。在本申请的一个实施例中,以胶体絮凝方法制成的聚合物为核。根据本申请的一个实施例,还可以以单分散的粒径为几百纳米的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合物球为模板,经聚丙烯亚胺改性的陶瓷纳米颗粒(如包括Al2O3、TiO2和ZrO2)为陶瓷材料,制成聚合物/陶瓷核壳复合材料,经煅烧制成孔径可控的多孔陶瓷。
本文所说骨料堆积法也称为粉末直接烧结法。该方法利用陶瓷颗粒自身具有的烧结性能,将陶瓷颗粒对堆积体烧结在一起而形成多孔陶瓷。在骨料中加入相同组分的微细陶瓷颗粒,由于微细颗粒易于烧结,故在一定温度下可将大颗粒骨料连接起来。每一个骨料颗粒仅有几个点与其他颗粒发生连接。因而可以形成大量的三维贯通孔道。一般而言,形成的多孔陶瓷平均孔径随骨料颗粒增大而增大,空隙分布的均匀度则随骨料颗粒尺寸范围的缩小而提高。孔径的大小与骨料粒径成正比,骨料粒径越大,形成的多孔陶瓷平均孔径就越大,呈线性关系。骨料颗粒尺寸越均匀,产生的气孔分布也越均匀。因此,可以通过控制骨料的粒径及其平均程度来控制形成的孔径大小。骨料堆积法可以通过控制球状二次离子原料的粒径范围,进而制备孔径分布可以控制在狭窄尺寸范围内的多孔陶瓷。其原理是利用水基浆料的冰冻作用,同时控制冰生长方向,并通过减压干燥的方法使冰升华获得生坯。将所得生坯经过烧结,获得复杂空隙结构的多孔陶瓷。空隙尺寸分布以及围观结构实质上受结冰温度和烧结温度的影响。
本文所说的凝胶注模法是指采用非孔模具,利用浆料内部或少量添加剂的化学反应作用,使陶瓷浆料原位凝固形成坯体的方法。本方法可获得具有良好围观均匀性与较高密度的素坯,可显著提高材料的可靠性。
本文所说的发泡法包括有机或者无机发泡剂法、物理发泡剂法、表面活性剂发泡法。其中有机或者无机发泡剂法是指在陶瓷组分中加入有机或者无机化学物质,即有机发泡剂或者无机发泡剂,通过化学反应等产生挥发气体,干燥后烧制成多孔陶瓷。用作无机发泡剂的化学物质主要有氮化硅、碳化硅、碳化钙、氢氧化钙、铝粉、硫酸铝、双氧水、硫化物和硫酸盐混合组成发泡剂等。用作有机发泡剂的化学物质主要有卵清蛋白、淀粉、亲水性聚氨酯塑料、偶氮化合物,例如偶氮二甲酞胺(AC)、磺酰肼类化合物,例如4-4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼(OBSH)、亚硝基化合物,例如二亚硝基五次甲基四胺(DPT)等。物理发泡剂法是指将气体在高压下加入到待发泡物料中或者降低沸点的液体加入到待发泡物料中,即物理发泡剂,然后通过加热、降压使气体析出或者液体挥发使物料发泡。物理发泡剂包括、氮气、二氧化碳、甲烷、氢气、戊烷、异戊烷、己烷、二氯甲烷和二氯四氟乙烷等。表面活性剂发泡法是指借助于表面活性剂(起泡剂)形成稳定的泡沫,从而形成多孔陶瓷。一般使用的表面活性剂除常见的化学物质,如L-77外,可用于产生气泡的物质还有天然表面活性物质,例如皂角苷、骨胶、蛋白素、干酪、胶质松脂皂和水胶等材料。
本文所说的溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)是指利用凝胶化过程中胶体粒子的堆积以及凝胶处理、热处理等过程中留下的小七孔,形成可控多孔结构。制备过程是以金属醇盐及其化合物为原料,在一定的介质和催化剂作用下,进行水解缩聚反应,使溶液由溶胶变成凝胶,再经干燥、热处理而得到多孔制品。用Sol-gel工艺制得的陶瓷膜孔径大小可通过调节溶液组成和热处理过程控制。
使用本发明的拔火罐时,需先对拔火罐内空气加热或者耗氧,以排出罐内约15-25%的空气。比如,可将拔火罐罐口朝上,向拔火罐内投入适量点燃的可燃物。可燃物在拔火罐内燃烧3-5秒时,拔火罐内空气由于受热膨胀以及氧气消耗,罐体内剩余约75-85%的空气。此时,迅速将拔火罐口扣向需要拔火罐处的皮肤,如背部、肩膀、脖子、腹部、胸前、大腿、小腿等。从而提高拨火罐的治疗效果。
拔火罐的工作原理是通过在其内部产生负压,而吸附在皮肤表面。一旦拔火罐产生裂缝、缺口等,拔火罐将不能牢固吸附在皮肤表面,进而使拔火罐功效降低,甚至失去功效。传统的拔火罐包括玻璃火罐、陶瓷火罐等,均为强度较高的不透气的拔火罐。
但是,传统的拔火罐使使用者减轻疾病的同时,也会带来如背景技术中所说的坏处。
本申请公开了一种拔火罐,具有微弱的透气性,巧妙的解决背景技术中呈现的问题。同时,本申请的透气拔火罐对各种疾病的疗效也有不同程度的提高。
本申请的拔火罐,透气系数约为5-10(10-10cm3)。其中其气孔率为2%-8%,进一步地,其显气孔率为25%-30%。在此透气率下,空气可以缓慢的进出罐壁。根据本申请的一个实施例,本申请拔火罐表面气孔分布均匀,且气孔大小一致。根据本申请的一个实施例,拔火罐表面的气孔数差异为3.1×104-1.2×105个/平方厘米。根据本申请的一个实施例,孔径直径为0.2nm-2000nm,进一步地,在一些实施例中,气孔直径为2nm-50nm。
在一些实施例中,使用压泵法测量拔火罐的气孔率。在一些实施例中,压泵法包括使用Autopore 9500仪器测量本申请拔火罐的气孔率。首先将拔火罐样品放入烘箱,烘干2小时后,放入膨胀计称重。然后,将膨胀计放入Autopore 9500仪器的低压站进行测试。对仪器相关参数进行设置,并计算得到相应数据,如拔火罐的气孔率、显气孔率、拔火罐表面气孔分布均匀度、气孔直径等。
在一些实施例中,使用SEM法测量拔火罐的气孔率。在一些实施例中,SEM法包括使用FEIQ 45仪器测量本申请拔火罐的气孔率。首先将样品破碎,然后取一小部分样品放置在载物台上,将载物台放入FEIQ 45的仪器仪器样品仓,并抽真空处理。设置仪器相关参数,进行拍摄,得到相应数据,如拔火罐的气孔率、显气孔率、拔火罐表面气孔分布均匀度、气孔直径等。
目前生产多孔陶瓷的方法有很多种,包括骨料堆积法、发泡法、添加造孔剂法、有机泡沫浸渍法、溶胶-凝胶法、冷冻干燥法、模板法、凝胶注模法、挤出成孔法等。本申请将通过以下实施例体现制造多孔陶瓷的方法。应该理解的是,以下实施例仅为说明制造可以应用于本申请拔火罐的多孔陶瓷的几种方法,而不能限定制造本申请拔火罐的方法。
实施例1,聚合物模板法/造孔剂法制备多孔陶瓷
1、淀粉作为造孔剂制备多孔陶瓷:
首先取质量比分别为(6~9):(1~2):(1.5~3):1的二氧化硅、氧化铝、碳酸钠、碳酸钙,混合均匀。然后称取上述混合物质量分数约3%~35%的淀粉(化学纯,上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司),加入上述混合物中,充分研磨至均匀,形成新的混合物。根据本申请的一个实施例,此处所说的淀粉可以为溶胀淀粉,也可以为非溶胀淀粉。根据本申请的一个实施例,所称取淀粉的质量可以是混合物质量的5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%等。向新的混合物中加入一定量的水后,将其在85度的水浴锅中加热15分钟,然后取出在室温冷却,再将其放到干燥箱中干燥至无水后,取出。将经上述步骤干燥后的新的混合物压制成坯体,每个坯体为一个拔火罐。根据本申请的一个实施例,压制坯体的压力为10MPa。将坯体静置一周后,放入马弗炉中烧结。烧结后取出陶瓷拔火罐样品,将其冷却至室温。
2、碳酸钾作为造孔剂制备多孔陶瓷:
首先取质量比分别为(3~5):(12~18):1的玻璃粉、二氧化硅和氧化镁,混合均匀。然后称取上述混合物质量分数约0%~40%的碳酸钾,充分研磨至均匀,形成新的混合物。根据本申请的一个实施例,所称取碳酸钾的质量可以是混合物质量的5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%等。向新的混合物中加入少量的乙醇,混合均匀后,将其压制成坯体,每个坯体为一个拔火罐。根据本申请的一个实施例,压制坯体的压力为10MPa。将坯体静置一周后,放入马弗炉中烧结。烧结后取出陶瓷拔火罐样品,将其冷却至室温。待样品冷却后,将造孔剂为碳酸钾的陶瓷拔火罐放入烧杯中,沸水煮20分钟,将陶瓷中的碳酸钾溶解出来,烘干待用。
3、制备多孔陶瓷的烧结条件
根据上述实施例所需烧结条件,此处列有3种烧结条件。应当注意的是,本文所列烧结条件仅为本申请所列实施例所用,不应当作为限制本申请多孔陶瓷的烧结条件。
图1A所示为根据本申请的一个实施例的烧结条件1。如图所示,烧结条件1为以2℃/min的速度将马弗炉温度从室温升高到200℃,保温30分钟。然后以2℃/min的速度将马弗炉温度继续从200℃升高到300℃,保温30分钟。接着以1℃/min的速度将马弗炉温度持续从300℃升高到500℃,保温30分钟。最后以5℃/min的速度将马弗炉温度快速从500℃升高到1000℃,保温30分钟。
根据本申请的一个实施例,使用淀粉,尤其使用溶胀淀粉作为造孔剂制备多孔陶瓷时,可以选用烧结条件1对陶瓷烧结。
图1B所示为根据本申请的一个实施例的烧结条件2。如图所示,烧结条件2为直接将马弗炉温度从室温缓慢升温至950℃,并保温90分钟。根据本申请的一个实施例,缓慢升温时间为90分钟。
根据本申请的一个实施例,使用碳酸钾作为造孔剂制备多孔陶瓷时,可以选用烧结条件2对陶瓷烧结。
图1C所示为根据本申请的一个实施例的烧结条件3。如图所示,烧结条件3为以5℃/min的速度快速将马弗炉温度从室温升高到300℃,继续以2℃/min的速度将其温度从300℃升高到400℃,后保温2小时。然后以2℃/min的速度持续将马弗炉温度从400℃升高到500℃,继续以5℃/min的速度快速将其温度升高到950℃,并保温50分钟。
根据本申请的一个实施例,使用淀粉作为造孔剂制备多孔陶瓷时,可以选用烧结条件3对陶瓷烧结。
实施例2,骨料堆积法制备多孔陶瓷
在本实施例中,可以将黏土、长石、滑石和煤粉混合,制备陶瓷粉。其中陶瓷粉的粒径范围为3μm-8μm。
将含有陶瓷粉的浆液倒入准备好的模具中,仅将模具底部进入冷冻池的冷冻剂中(冷冻剂为-50~-80℃℃的酒精),模具上口敞开,以便浆液的上表面暴露在室温下的大气中。同时,此种做法也可以是的冰延垂直方向生长,且排列整齐。当浆液彻底冷冻后,将其从模具中取出放入干燥器皿中,干燥一天左右,然后进行烧结。烧结条件可以参考实施例1中的任一烧结条件。根据本申请的一个实施例,还可以根据所需气孔的大小适度升高或者降低冷冻剂温度。根据本申请的一个实施例,冷冻剂适当降低温度时,可以在气孔率不改变的情况下得到更小气孔直径的多孔陶瓷。
实施例3,凝胶注模法制备多孔陶瓷
1、凝胶注模法制备Al2O3多孔陶瓷
在本实施例中,除需要Al2O3外,还需要凝胶单体、交联剂、引发剂、催化剂、分散剂以及造孔剂。根据本申请的一个实施例,采用纯度为99.7%,平均粒径为3.50μm的氧化铝粉料。其中凝胶单体为丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸—羟乙酯(HEMA);交联剂为亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAM);引发剂为过硫酸铵(APS);催化剂为四甲基乙二胺(TEMED);分散剂为柠檬酸铵(TAC);造孔剂为十二烷基硫酸钠。以上试剂均为化学纯,可从市场购买获得。本领域技术人员应当理解,本实施例中制备氧化铝多孔陶瓷所使用的试剂仅为制造可透气拔火罐的一种实施例,而不能限定将其他试剂或方法制备的Si3N4多孔陶瓷应用于制造本申请可透气拔火罐的应用。
首先将氧化铝粉料分散在HEMA和MBAM的去离子水的预混液中,为提高粉料的分散性和悬浮体的流动性,加入分散剂。在浆料球磨24小时后,加入造孔剂,最后再加入催化剂和引发剂。将浆料注入无孔的模具中,在室温和高湿度的条件下凝胶8小时进行成型。当单体聚合脱模后,在一定湿度的条件下,将生坯与40℃下干燥,在电炉中1600℃保温2小时烧结。
2、凝胶注模法制备Si3N4多孔陶瓷
在本实施例中,所用的Si3N4粉末中,α-Si3N4含量约占90%,氧含量小于1.5%,中值粒径为0.77μm。本实施例中,还包括助烧剂、分散剂、凝胶剂以及pH调节剂。其中,助烧剂为磷酸盐,包括但不限于CaHPO4;分散剂为聚丙烯酸;胶凝剂为琼脂糖;pH调节剂为氨水。本领域技术人员应当理解,本实施例中制备Si3N4多孔陶瓷所使用的试剂仅为制造可透气拔火罐的一种实施例,而不能限定将其他试剂或方法制备的Si3N4多孔陶瓷应用于制造本申请可透气拔火罐的应用。
限制被氮化硅悬浮液,按配比将CaHPO4和Si3N4符合粉料混合一定体积的去离子水,加入含量为0.3%(质量分数,下同)聚丙烯酸,接着用氨水调节pH值至7.5,再按球料比为2:1装入球磨罐,用滚筒球磨24小时,最终制成固相含量为40vol%的悬浮液。将氮化硅悬浮液升温至60℃,然后将相同温度的3%琼脂糖溶液与浆料混合,充分搅拌2小时,之后把浆料倒入预热到60℃的模具中,并将其放入冰箱中迅速冷却。利用琼脂糖大分子随温度降低成凝胶的特点使浆料在短时间内凝结成固体;将浇注完的坯体在室温高湿度环境下干燥,等到坯体停止收缩,在降低湿度,放置在通风处干燥;将干燥后的坯体在箱式电阻炉内脱脂烧结。
烧结条件为2℃/min速率缓慢升温,升高温度到500℃左右,保温1小时,然后将生坯埋入Si3N4:BN体积比为1:1的复合粉体的石墨坩埚中,在石墨加热炉中1*105Pa氮气下加热到1550~1650℃保温1小时。保温结束后停止加热,将得到的多孔陶瓷随炉冷却至室温。
实施例4,发泡法制备多孔陶瓷
首先,从新鲜的鸡蛋中直接提取卵清蛋白(蛋清),其主要成分为88%(质量分数,下同)的水,9%的蛋白质和0.6%的的矿物质,平均密度约为1.01g/cm3。在使用前将提取的蛋清通过磁力搅拌30分钟,使蛋清混合均匀。
根据本申请的一个实施例,采用ZrO3(含3mol%Y2O3)作为陶瓷骨料,平均粒度为1μm。根据本申请的一个实施例,使用氧化锆的体积分数约20-50%。根据不同体积分数的氧化锆,添加体积分数约3-12%的蛋清-水混合介质,使用行星球磨机进行球磨,并加入体积分数为3-45%的蔗糖作为添加剂,同时加入分散剂。
根据本申请的一个实施例,添加50%体积分数的氧化锆,3%体积分数的蛋清,3%体积分数的蔗糖,以及适量的聚甲基丙烯酸氨(DarvanC)(一种聚丙烯酸铵的水溶液,可购买自范德堡(Vanderbilt)公司),使浆料分散均匀稳定。选择适当的球磨速度,球磨30分钟。将磨好的浆料倒入你模具中。根据本申请的一个实施例,为了便于脱模,可以在模具内侧均匀的涂抹一层硅油。静置适当的时间发泡后,将样品放在80℃的恒温干燥箱中固化成型,浆料固化后将样品脱模,通过后期加工可以加工成需要的形状,如加工成本申请的拔火罐。样品的烧结温度为1500℃-1600℃,烧结速率为1℃/min,保温适当的时间,随炉冷却。
实施例5,拔火罐对体表温度刺激
在本实施例中,使用新西兰肉兔作为实验对象,测量拔火罐对周围皮肤温度变化情况。在本实施例中,首先对兔子刮毛处理,使其露出平整的表皮。然后将兔子分为两组,分别记为实验组和对照组。其中,实验组兔子使用本申请的拔火罐,对照组兔子使用透气效果较差的拔火罐。对两组兔子分别进行拔罐处理,同时,定时或者实时测定拔火罐周围皮肤的温度变化情况。在一些实施例中,应用电热偶测温仪(HY101)测量温度。在本实施例中,每隔5分钟,测量一次拔火罐周围皮肤的温度,重复至少3次试验,每次30分钟,记录测量的温度。
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的不同拔火罐对兔体表温度刺激比较。表1为实验过程中记录的数据。如图2及表1所示,实验组和对照组兔表皮肤均在5分钟内达到最大值,但实验组兔皮肤温度差异较小,升温及降温均更稳定,30分钟时,周围皮肤依然可以达到40℃以上。而对照组兔皮肤温度变化幅度大,拔罐30分钟内温差高达10℃,,20分钟后拔火罐周围皮肤温度就降至40度以下。由此可见,本申请拔火罐的留温时间要明显优于透气效果较差的拔火罐。在拔罐开始后对兔表皮的皮肤温度提升并不明显,提示本申请拔火罐的安全性较高。
表1不同拔火罐对兔体表温度刺激比较
实施例6,本申请拔火罐对体表皮肤无伤害
在本实施例中,使用新西兰肉兔作为实验对象,测试拔火罐对皮肤的伤害。在本实施例中,首先对兔子刮毛处理,使其露出平整的表皮。然后将处理后的兔子分为两组,分别记为实验组和对照组。其中,实验组兔子使用本申请的拔火罐,对照组兔子使用透气效果较差的拔火罐。对两组兔子分别进行拔罐处理。
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的不同拔火罐对兔体表皮肤伤害刺激比较。其中A图为实验组兔拔罐处理后的表皮状态,B图为对照组兔拔罐处理后的表皮状态。如图3所示,对照组兔表皮出现了明显的皮肤损伤,创面处较大。由于实验兔的表皮较薄,无法形成水泡,但是可以很明显的看到玻璃火罐罐口处带来的损伤,并随着温度的瞬间上升,损伤表皮,其温度的过快上升可见图2及表1。
而使用本申请拔火罐的兔表皮,仅出现了轻微的皮肤损伤。相比于对照组拔火罐,本申请的拔火罐的瞬间温度并不高,因此对皮肤的损伤较小,考虑到兔子的皮肤较薄,因此,本申请的拔火罐对人体的表皮皮肤更加温和。
实施例7,拔火罐的功效
本申请中,将试用者分成2个组,其中,将使用本申请拔火罐的组命名为实验组;将使用相同形状,但透气效果较差的拔火罐的组命名为对照组。其中每组不少于30人,且每组的人员组成结构相近。根据本申请的一个实施例,可以将试用者的人员组成结构划分成15-25岁的青少年、26-45岁的青年、46-75岁的老年人、男人、女人等。试用者包括高中生、上班族、老年人,涵盖15-75岁人群。
根据本申请的一个实施例,例如实验组包括10个青少年,其中男女比例1:1、16个青年,其中男女比例1:1、12个老年人,其中男女比例1:1。对照组包括10个青少年,其中男女比例1:1、18个青年,其中男女比例1:1、14个老年人,其中男女比例1:1。本领域技术人员应当理解,此实施例仅为说明每一组的人员组成结构,而不能限定本申请的样本数量及具体每一组的人员组成结构。
根据试用者的反馈情况,可整理得到表2中记录的以下结果:
表2
疼痛感 | 体感温度 | 深色印记 | 恢复速度 | |
实验组 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.2 |
对照组 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 9.5 |
在上述表格记录中,均以0-10表示从无到具有强烈感感觉、视觉效果,或者速度从很快到很慢。例如,将疼痛感从无到疼划分为10个等级,其中0级为不疼,10级为疼痛难忍。根据试用者反馈,取试用者使用拔火罐后疼痛感的平均值,记录在表格中。将拔火罐时,受试者对温度变化明显程度划分为0-10级,其中0级为没有任何温度变化体验,10级为迅速升温和/或迅速降温体验。等级越高表示体感温度变化越明显。0-10之间任何数字表示拔火罐区域皮肤上的不同程度的水泡。而不统计水泡的大小。将拔火罐后留下的印记,按其颜色与皮肤偏离程度划分等级,其中0表示印记中的皮肤仍为皮肤本色,不具有其他颜色,10表示皮肤具有深色印记,0-10之间任何数字表示拔火罐后在皮肤上留有的印记偏离皮肤颜色的程度。将拔火罐后皮肤上留有的深色印记或者水泡等的恢复速度按0-10划分等级。其中0级表示立即恢复,即拔火罐后皮肤没有没有深色印记且没有水泡。1天恢复定位等级1,2天恢复定为等级2,以此类推,10天及10天以上拔火罐区域皮肤上的深色印记恢复皮肤颜色,并且水泡破裂、皮肤愈合记为等级10
拔火罐的印记会影响个人皮肤的美观。尤其在夏天,拔火罐后产生的深色印记极大的限制了拔火罐使用者的着装。同时,拔火罐过程中经常导致使用者在拔火罐区域产生水泡。水泡不仅使使用者感觉疼痛,而且水泡破裂后极易导致皮肤感染,使细菌、病毒趁机侵入人体。从表格中统计的实验数据可以看出,本申请的拔火罐完美的解决了上述问题。
相对于传统拔火罐,在使用本申请的拔火罐时,可在罐体的内表面形成水膜或者水滴,加强拔火罐的疗效。通过表2中的数据可以明显看出,使用实验组的拔火罐(也就是本申请的拔火罐)可以减轻使用者的疼痛感,使得使用者在拔火罐过程中身体放松,进而达到更好的疾病治疗或者辅助治疗效果。同时,实验组的拔火罐不会对使用者皮肤起不良反应,即使用后皮肤上既没有气泡,也不会导致产生深色的印记。使用者在拔火罐后既不需要处理皮肤的伤口,也不需要为掩盖印记而限制日常着装。
下面通过表3对比本申请拔火罐与传统拔火罐对几种常见疾病的疗效,体现本申请拔火罐的优越性。
表3
以上数据可以明显看出,将对照组使用的拔火罐对疾病的治疗或者辅助治疗效果已经明显优于实验组使用的拔火罐。
以上表格中提到的疾病,仅为试用过程中试用者反馈情况整理,不限定本申请拔火罐的功能。事实上,拔火罐疗法的应用范围十分广泛,在临床上早已从早期的疮疡痈毒发展到用于治疗、或者辅助治疗包括内科、外科、妇科、儿科、皮肤科、五官科等100多种疾病。
此处需要说明的是,以上列举的本申请的拔火罐可治疗的疾病种类等仅为说明本申请拔火罐的疗效,以及其相对于不透气材料制成的拔火罐,可对更多种疾病具有明显的治疗或者辅助治疗的功效。由于试用者人数、各个年龄阶层比例以及试用者自身身体素质的限制,使得实验数据误差较大,但所有误差均在允许范围内。
上述实施例仅供说明本发明之用,而并非是对本发明的限制,有关技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型,因此,所有等同的技术方案也应属于本发明公开的范畴。
Claims (19)
1.一种拔火罐,包括罐体,所有罐体包括多个气孔,具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的拔火罐,其中所述罐体的气孔率为2%-8%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的拔火罐,其中所述气孔的显气孔率为25%-30%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的拔火罐,其中所述罐体上的气孔数差异为3.1×104-1.2×105个/平方厘米。
5.根据权利要求1所述的拔火罐,其中所述气孔的孔径分布满足50%以上的气孔直径为2nm-50nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的拔火罐,其中所述罐体为微孔陶瓷。
7.根据权利要求6所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用模板法制备。
8.根据权利要求6所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用造孔剂法制备,包括使用二氧化硅、氧化铝、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、淀粉中的一种或多种制备。
9.根据权利要求6所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用造孔剂法制备,包括使用玻璃粉、二氧化硅、氧化镁、碳酸钾中的一种或多种制备。
10.根据权利要求8或9任一所述的拔火罐,其中所述造孔剂法使用的造孔剂为淀粉、碳酸钾、氧化铝、蔗糖、蛋清中的一种或多种。
11.根据权利要求6所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用骨料堆积法制备,包括利用黏土、长石、滑石、煤粉中的一种或多种制备。
12.根据权利要求6所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用凝胶注模法制备,包括利用氧化铝、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酸—羟乙酯(HEMA)、亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAM)、过硫酸铵(APS)、四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)、柠檬酸铵(TAC)、十二烷基硫酸钠中的一种或多种制备。
13.根据权利要求6所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用凝胶注膜法制备,包括使用氮化硅、磷酸盐、聚丙烯酸、琼脂糖、氨水中的一种或多种制备。
14.根据权利要求6所述的拔火罐,其中所述微孔陶瓷利用发泡法制备,包括使用卵清蛋白、三氧化锆、蔗糖、聚甲基丙烯酸氨(Darvan C)中的一种或多种制备。
15.根据权利要求14所述的拔火罐,其中所述发泡法使用的发泡剂为氮化硅、碳化硅、碳化钙、氢氧化钙、铝粉、硫酸铝、双氧水、硫化物和硫酸盐混合物、卵清蛋白、淀粉、亲水性聚氨酯塑料、偶氮化合物、磺酰肼类化合物、亚硝基化合物、氮气、二氧化碳、甲烷、氢气、戊烷、异戊烷、己烷、二氯甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、皂角苷、骨胶、蛋白素、干酪、胶质松脂皂、水胶中的一种或者多种。
16.一种制备拔火罐的方法,包括:
将基础原料混合,形成基础粉;
在基础粉中加入造孔剂,形成原料粉;
在原料粉中加入溶剂,制成坯体;
压制成坯体;
烧制坯体制成罐体;
其中,所述罐体具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
17.一种制备拔火罐的方法,包括:
将原料混合,制备陶瓷粉;
将陶瓷粉倒入模具中,其中,所述模具部浸入冷冻剂中,所述模具上口敞开;
烧制,制成罐体;
其中,所述罐体具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
18.一种制备拔火罐的方法,包括:
将骨料加入水中;
加入分散剂,制成原料浆;
加入造孔剂,形成陶瓷浆;
将陶瓷浆倒入模具中;
烧制,制成罐体;
其中,所述罐体具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
19.一种制备拔火罐的方法,包括:
将发泡剂加入骨料中;
加入分散剂及其他添加剂;
固化成型;
烧制,制成罐体;
其中,所述罐体具有5-10(10-10cm3)透气系数。
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US4472332A (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1984-09-18 | The Toyo Rubber Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for the production of porous ceramic molded articles |
KR200330067Y1 (ko) * | 2003-07-23 | 2003-10-11 | (주)한지 | 한방의료보조용 부항쑥뜸기 |
CN108743351A (zh) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-11-06 | 车橘红 | 砭灸罐及其使用方法 |
KR20190008712A (ko) * | 2017-07-17 | 2019-01-25 | 주식회사 한솔숯침대 | 기능성 부항기 |
CN213466265U (zh) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-06-18 | 北京广慧昕康健康管理有限公司 | 一种拔火罐 |
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US4472332A (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1984-09-18 | The Toyo Rubber Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for the production of porous ceramic molded articles |
KR200330067Y1 (ko) * | 2003-07-23 | 2003-10-11 | (주)한지 | 한방의료보조용 부항쑥뜸기 |
KR20190008712A (ko) * | 2017-07-17 | 2019-01-25 | 주식회사 한솔숯침대 | 기능성 부항기 |
CN108743351A (zh) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-11-06 | 车橘红 | 砭灸罐及其使用方法 |
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