CN112071931A - 一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种路灯用路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤，芯层非氟聚合物膜的制备；在无水条件下，提高反应温度至220℃，回流反应35h，后将反应体系冷却至室温，将反应后的溶液滴加到去离子水中，聚合物从去离子水中沉淀析出，将析出的聚合物用水和乙醇分别洗5遍，置于95℃下的真空干燥箱中干燥24h，得到芯层非氟聚合物膜材料；膜上下两表面涂覆胶黏剂；膜表面处理；膜上下两表面涂覆纳米二氧化硅涂层；膜叠层。本发明的一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，发明设计的太阳能电池背板膜，制备原料易得，不含有价格昂贵的含氟聚合物、容易操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及路灯技术领域，特别是一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法。
背景技术
现有太阳能电池中主要使用的背板膜均为多层复合结构，都是以聚酯膜(BOPET)为基材膜，覆合含氟材料如聚氟乙烯膜(PVF)、聚偏二氟乙烯膜(PVDF)或者涂布氟碳树脂(FEVE)等制造而成的，氟材料价格较贵、生产工艺复杂、与芯层材料的层间剥离强度差、容易脱落，制备的背板粘接性差、电绝缘性低、容易脆化、撕裂。
新型非氟材料太阳能电池背板由于其价格低廉引起了研究者们越来越广泛的关注，但以 PET和PET/聚烯烃结构为代表的非氟材料背板抗紫外老化性能较差，无法满足高端产品要求。为了提高非氟材料抗紫外老化性能，已经公开的现有技术中采用加入受阻胺、苯并三唑和二苯甲酮等抗紫外老化剂和紫外吸收剂二氧化硅来增强材料的抗紫外老化性能。但一方面，这些小分子助剂都只能吸收自己特定波长范围的紫外光，抗紫外老化能力有限；另一方面，小分子抗紫外老化剂在膜中具有一定的溶解度，容易发生渗透现象，紫外吸收剂二氧化硅与聚合物膜之间粘结性能不好，易发生相分离。
因此，期望提供一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法。
发明内容
为达到上述发明的目的，一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤，
(1)芯层非氟聚合物膜的制备：将非氟聚合物溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中，配成浓度为2-5wt％的溶液，再将其浇注在聚四氟乙烯板上，在50℃下的干燥箱中干燥9h，制备得到非氟聚合物膜；
(2)在无水条件下，提高反应温度至220℃，回流反应35h，后将反应体系冷却至室温，将反应后的溶液滴加到去离子水中，聚合物从去离子水中沉淀析出，将析出的聚合物用水和乙醇分别洗5遍，置于95℃下的真空干燥箱中干燥24h，得到芯层非氟聚合物膜材料；
(3膜上下两表面涂覆胶黏剂：将步骤(2)经电晕处理的非氟聚合物膜上下两表面涂布胶黏剂，涂布厚度25μm，涂布速率为6mm/s；将涂布后的非氟聚合物膜在室温下干燥10min，再在100℃下干燥40min；最后在130℃下干燥5min；
(4)膜表面处理：将步骤(3)中处理得到的非氟聚合物膜放入等离子体腔内，在功率为150W下电晕处理25min后，再在110℃下加热2h，最后在室温下静置30h；
(5)膜上下两表面涂覆纳米二氧化硅涂层：将改性二氧化硅涂层蒸镀于步骤(4)所述经表面处理后的涂覆有胶黏剂的非氟聚合物膜上下表面；所述改性二氧化硅涂层的制备方法为：将1-(甲氧基甲基)-1H-苯并三唑加入到悬浮有二氧化硅纳米粒子的氯仿中，在惰性气氛下，在80-90℃下回流搅拌20-30h，将所得物质离心分离，将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后，在 60-80℃下干燥15-26h得到改性二氧化硅涂层材料；
(6)膜叠层：在100-110℃下通过层压机将上述背板复合层进行层压后，在100-110℃下硬化所述膜16-25min，然后再在室温下硬化2-3天即可。
优选地，在步骤(1)中，所述非氟聚合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：(1)在惰性气体保护氛围下，将4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)哌啶、甲苯、碱溶于溶剂，滴加到接有分水器的三口瓶中于110-130℃下回流反应4-8h，以甲苯为共沸剂将反应体系中的水通过分水器进行部分除去后，冷却至室温,在反应体系中加入分子筛4A型除去反应体系中剩余的水。
优选地，在步骤(2)中，还要进行基膜处理：将步骤(1)中制备得到的非氟聚合物膜放入等离子体腔内，在功率为100-200W下电晕处理12-30min。
优选地，在步骤(2)中，所述碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾或碳酸铯中的一种；所述溶剂为N,N- 二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种；所述4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)哌啶、甲苯、碱和溶剂的质量比为1：1.2：12：0.9：23。
本发明的一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
(1)发明设计的太阳能电池背板膜，制备原料易得，不含有价格昂贵的含氟聚合物、容易操作、对设备的要求不高，成本低廉；
(2)具有较高的硬度，且主层与辅层之间连系紧密，整体具有优异机械性能；本发明提供的制备方法工艺简单，太阳能背板膜一次成型，易于操作。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例
一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤，
(1)芯层非氟聚合物膜的制备：将非氟聚合物溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中，配成浓度为2-5wt％的溶液，再将其浇注在聚四氟乙烯板上，在50℃下的干燥箱中干燥9h，制备得到非氟聚合物膜；
(2)在无水条件下，提高反应温度至220℃，回流反应35h，后将反应体系冷却至室温，将反应后的溶液滴加到去离子水中，聚合物从去离子水中沉淀析出，将析出的聚合物用水和乙醇分别洗5遍，置于95℃下的真空干燥箱中干燥24h，得到芯层非氟聚合物膜材料；
(3膜上下两表面涂覆胶黏剂：将步骤(2)经电晕处理的非氟聚合物膜上下两表面涂布胶黏剂，涂布厚度25μm，涂布速率为6mm/s；将涂布后的非氟聚合物膜在室温下干燥10min，再在100℃下干燥40min；最后在130℃下干燥5min；
(4)膜表面处理：将步骤(3)中处理得到的非氟聚合物膜放入等离子体腔内，在功率为150W下电晕处理25min后，再在110℃下加热2h，最后在室温下静置30h；
(5)膜上下两表面涂覆纳米二氧化硅涂层：将改性二氧化硅涂层蒸镀于步骤(4)所述经表面处理后的涂覆有胶黏剂的非氟聚合物膜上下表面；所述改性二氧化硅涂层的制备方法为：将1-(甲氧基甲基)-1H-苯并三唑加入到悬浮有二氧化硅纳米粒子的氯仿中，在惰性气氛下，在80-90℃下回流搅拌20-30h，将所得物质离心分离，将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后，在 60-80℃下干燥15-26h得到改性二氧化硅涂层材料；
(6)膜叠层：在100-110℃下通过层压机将上述背板复合层进行层压后，在100-110℃下硬化所述膜16-25min，然后再在室温下硬化2-3天即可。
其中，在步骤(1)中，所述非氟聚合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：(1)在惰性气体保护氛围下，将4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)哌啶、甲苯、碱溶于溶剂，滴加到接有分水器的三口瓶中于110-130℃下回流反应4-8h，以甲苯为共沸剂将反应体系中的水通过分水器进行部分除去后，冷却至室温,在反应体系中加入分子筛4A型除去反应体系中剩余的水。
其中，在步骤(2)中，还要进行基膜处理：将步骤(1)中制备得到的非氟聚合物膜放入等离子体腔内，在功率为100-200W下电晕处理12-30min。
其中，在步骤(2)中，所述碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾或碳酸铯中的一种；所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种；所述4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)哌啶、甲苯、碱和溶剂的质量比为1：1.2：12：0.9：23。
以上已对本发明创造的较佳实施例进行了具体说明，但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明创造精神的前提下还可做出种种的等同的变型或替换，这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种路灯用路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤，
(1)芯层非氟聚合物膜的制备：将非氟聚合物溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中，配成浓度为2-5wt％的溶液，再将其浇注在聚四氟乙烯板上，在50℃下的干燥箱中干燥9h，制备得到非氟聚合物膜；
(2)在无水条件下，提高反应温度至220℃，回流反应35h，后将反应体系冷却至室温，将反应后的溶液滴加到去离子水中，聚合物从去离子水中沉淀析出，将析出的聚合物用水和乙醇分别洗5遍，置于95℃下的真空干燥箱中干燥24h，得到芯层非氟聚合物膜材料；
(3膜上下两表面涂覆胶黏剂：将步骤(2)经电晕处理的非氟聚合物膜上下两表面涂布胶黏剂，涂布厚度25μm，涂布速率为6mm/s；将涂布后的非氟聚合物膜在室温下干燥10min，再在100℃下干燥40min；最后在130℃下干燥5min；
(4)膜表面处理：将步骤(3)中处理得到的非氟聚合物膜放入等离子体腔内，在功率为150W下电晕处理25min后，再在110℃下加热2h，最后在室温下静置30h；
(5)膜上下两表面涂覆纳米二氧化硅涂层：将改性二氧化硅涂层蒸镀于步骤(4)所述经表面处理后的涂覆有胶黏剂的非氟聚合物膜上下表面；所述改性二氧化硅涂层的制备方法为：将1-(甲氧基甲基)-1H-苯并三唑加入到悬浮有二氧化硅纳米粒子的氯仿中，在惰性气氛下，在80-90℃下回流搅拌20-30h，将所得物质离心分离，将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后，在60-80℃下干燥15-26h得到改性二氧化硅涂层材料；
(6)膜叠层：在100-110℃下通过层压机将上述背板复合层进行层压后，在100-110℃下硬化所述膜16-25min，然后再在室温下硬化2-3天即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，所述非氟聚合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：(1)在惰性气体保护氛围下，将4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)哌啶、甲苯、碱溶于溶剂，滴加到接有分水器的三口瓶中于110-130℃下回流反应4-8h，以甲苯为共沸剂将反应体系中的水通过分水器进行部分除去后，冷却至室温,在反应体系中加入分子筛4A型除去反应体系中剩余的水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤(2)中，还要进行基膜处理：将步骤(1)中制备得到的非氟聚合物膜放入等离子体腔内，在功率为100-200W下电晕处理12-30min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种路灯用太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤(2)中，所述碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾或碳酸铯中的一种；所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种；所述4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)哌啶、甲苯、碱和溶剂的质量比为1：1.2：12：0.9：23。
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| CN107221573A (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-29 | 浙江帝恒实业有限公司 | 一种防紫外老化太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法 |
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| US20140041716A1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2014-02-13 | Youl Chon Chemical Co., Ltd. | Back sheet for solar cell module and solar cell module including same |
| CN107221573A (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-29 | 浙江帝恒实业有限公司 | 一种防紫外老化太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法 |
| CN109244164A (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-01-18 | 浙江帝恒实业有限公司 | 一种防紫外老化太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法 |
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