CN108682709B - 一种防老化高阻隔太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防老化高阻隔太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- -1 perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- JGPSFCWAVSBWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 JGPSFCWAVSBWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WUMVZXWBOFOYAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-(1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobut-1-enoxy)but-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WUMVZXWBOFOYAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- DAVCAHWKKDIRLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)OC=C DAVCAHWKKDIRLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种太阳能电池的背板膜的制备方法,所述背板膜包括阻湿膜和设在阻湿膜内外两侧的含氟膜,所述阻湿膜和含氟膜之间无需粘合剂,能通过电晕处理后直接层叠粘接;所述阻湿膜是双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;所述含氟膜是由如下重量份的原料辐射聚合制备而成的:全氟烷基乙烯基醚20‑30份、乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌10‑15份、甲基丙烯酸10‑15份、乙烯基苯并三唑15‑20份、丙烯腈10‑15份和乳化剂1‑2份。在膜层制备过程中没有使用溶剂和引发剂,更加环保,且其制备过程具有制造简单,成本低廉的特点,所制备的背板膜的防老化性能和阻隔性能优异。
Description
本申请为分案申请,原案专利号为:201710355302.4,申请日为2017年05月19日,发明名称为:一种防老化高阻隔太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法。
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能光伏产业的太阳能电池制造技术领域,涉及一种背板膜的制备方法,尤其涉及一种防老化高阻隔太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能电池背板膜是太阳能电池组件封装材料之一,其主要性能是封装晶体硅,除必须具备优良的电绝缘性能、防氧化、抗潮湿和长期防止粘合物的水解性能外,还需要具有较高的阻隔性能。背膜的阻隔性能不仅包括水汽的阻隔,也包括气体的阻隔,空气和水汽一旦进入太阳能电池组件内部,就会极快的腐蚀相应组件,造成太阳能电池板的损坏。因此太阳能电池背板膜的性能是影响太阳能电池光电转换效率和使用寿命的关键因素之一。
目前通用的太阳能背板膜一般具有三层结构,耐候层为含氟聚合物层具有良好的抗环境侵蚀能力,中间层为双向拉伸聚脂薄膜层具有良好的绝缘性能以及力学性能,内层所使用的两种材料包括传统的复合型材料和涂布型聚酯粘接层。传统的复合型材料一方面成本较高,生产工艺复杂,且氟塑料的表面自由能很低,与其他材料的粘接性能很差。另一方面,层与层之间采用胶黏剂进行粘结,在经过老化后容易发生脱层的情况;聚酯粘接层与绝缘层PET具有较好的亲和性,与基材间的附着较为牢固,但酯粘接层本身紫外耐候性黄变大、且容易水解,老化后性能衰减严重。
因此,有必要寻求更加有效的方法,制备成本低廉、防老化性能和阻隔性能优异的太阳能电池背板膜。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺陷,本发明公开了一种太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法,其制备方法具有制造简单,成本低廉,所制备的背板膜的防老化性能和阻隔性能优异。
本发明是通过是通过如下技术实现的:
一种太阳能电池的背板膜,包括阻湿膜和设在阻湿膜内外两侧的含氟膜,所述阻湿膜和含氟膜之间无需粘合剂而能通过电晕处理后直接层叠粘接;所述阻湿膜为40-100μm厚的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜;所述含氟膜是由如下重量份的原料辐射聚合制备而成的:全氟烷基乙烯基醚20-30份、乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌10-15份、甲基丙烯酸10-15份、乙烯基苯并三唑15-20份、丙烯腈10-15份和乳化剂1-2份。
其中,所述乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌的一种优选制备方法为:将乙烯基硅氧烷和阻聚剂加入到悬浮有氧化锌纳米粒子的氯仿中,在惰性气氛下,在80-90℃下回流搅拌20-30h,将所得物质离心分离,将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后,在60-80℃下干燥15-26h得到乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌。优选地,所述乙烯基硅氧烷与氧化锌纳米粒子的质量比为1:(4-6),所述氧化锌纳米粒子与氯仿的质量比为1:(5-8),所述乙烯基硅氧烷与阻聚剂的质量比为100:(1-3)。
所述乙烯基苯并三唑的优选制备方法为:将苯并三唑、阻聚剂和烯丙基氯充分溶于乙腈中,再向其中加入KOH固体,在室温、惰性气氛下搅拌4h后,在40-50℃下旋蒸,去除溶剂,得到的粗产物;将粗产物用二氯甲烷提取3-5次,用去离子水清洗有机相5-7次,用吸水剂除去有机相掺杂的去离子水,将处理后的有机相过滤,并将滤液旋蒸,将旋蒸除去溶剂,即得到目标产物。较佳地,所述苯并三唑、烯丙基氯与阻聚剂的质量比为1.5:1:(0.01-0.03),所述苯并三唑、乙腈、KOH的质量比为1:(5-8):(1-1.5)。
优选地,所述乳化剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种。
所述全氟烷基乙烯基醚选自全氟甲基乙烯基醚、全氟乙基乙烯基醚、全氟正丙基乙烯基醚中的一种或几种。
在乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌和乙烯基苯并三唑制备过程中的阻聚剂可以选自亚甲基蓝、氯化亚铜、三氯化铁、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基TMP(h)中的一种或几种。
根据本发明的另一方面,一种制备上述太阳能电池背板膜的方法:
1)制备含氟膜
将乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌反复酸洗、碱洗5-7次以除去阻聚剂,全氟烷基乙烯基醚、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苯并三唑、丙烯腈通过中性氧化铝(200-300目)层析以除去阻聚剂,然后将它们和乳化剂按比例混合,超声30-40min,再将其滴在玻璃板上,放入在惰性气氛下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间30-40min,发生聚合反应,得到含氟聚合物,后将其加入到200-230℃的挤出机中熔融,并经过衣架型T-模、镀铬的压延辊、干燥辊等设备得到厚度为25-30μm的含氟膜;
2)膜表面处理
将双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜和含氟膜分别放入等离子体腔内,在功率为100-200W下电晕处理12-30min,再在100-110℃下加热2-3h;
3)膜的层叠
通过层压机将经过步骤2)处理得到的含氟膜层叠在步骤2)处理得到的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜的上下表面得到复合膜(往复操作3-5次),将复合膜在60-80℃下硬化16-25min,然后再在室温下硬化至少20h,得到背板膜。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明设计的太阳能电池背板膜制造简单,容易操作、对设备的要求不高,成本低廉;
(2)本发明设计的太阳能电池背板膜,由于含氟共聚物膜侧链上含有酯基和羟基,能增强与中间BOPET膜层的粘结力,三层膜之间不需要粘结层,克服了含氟材料表面能低和不粘性的缺点,在一定程度上避免了传统背板与粘结层EVA之间的剥离以及背板自身层与层之间的分离,提高膜层阻隔性能;
(3)本发明设计的太阳能电池背板膜,用于耐候层的含氟聚合物膜富含氟元素,能赋予材料耐候性、自洁性(抗污性)、防腐性(抗盐、抗酸雨)、耐洗性、水汽阻隔性和不粘附性;另外,用于耐候层的含氟聚合物膜带有硅氧键,能赋予背膜更好的电绝缘性、热稳定性、耐候性、韧性和粘结性;
(4)本发明设计的太阳能电池背板膜,用于耐候层的含氟聚合物膜含有甲基丙烯酸和丙烯腈链段,一方面能增强膜层粘结性;另一方面,又能赋予膜层好的机械性能和韧性;
(5)本发明设计的太阳能电池背板膜,在聚合物侧链上连有纳米氧化锌和苯并三唑基团,这两种成分协同作用,使得膜层具有更好的耐紫外老化性能。在一定程度上避免了传统背膜中直接添加无机粒子导致的无机纳米粒子团聚和相容性不好的问题;将其与高聚物以化学键的作用连接,有利于无机组分分散均匀;
(6)本发明设计的太阳能电池背板膜,在膜层制备过程中没有使用溶剂和引发剂,更加环保。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例,本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。
本发明下述实施例中所使用其他原料来自于上海泉昕进出口贸易有限公司。
本发明下述实施例中所使用的层压机为GMP公司的EXCELAM-PLUS 655RM型层压机。
实施例1
一种太阳能电池的背板膜,包括阻湿膜和设在阻湿膜内外两侧的含氟膜,所述阻湿膜和含氟膜之间无需粘合剂而能自然粘接;所述阻湿膜是40μm厚的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜;所述含氟膜是由如下重量份的原料辐射聚合制备而成的:全氟甲基乙烯基醚20份、乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌10份、甲基丙烯酸10份、乙烯基苯并三唑15份、丙烯腈10份和十二烷基苯磺酸钠1份。
其中,所述乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:将100g乙烯基硅氧烷和1g阻聚剂加入到悬浮有400g氧化锌纳米粒子的2000g氯仿中,在N2气氛下,在80℃下回流搅拌30h,将所得物质离心分离,将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后,在60℃下干燥26h得到乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌。
所述乙烯基苯并三唑的优选制备方法为:将150g苯并三唑、1g阻聚剂和100g烯丙基氯充分溶于900g乙腈中,再向其中加入150g KOH,在室温、惰性气氛下搅拌4h后,在40℃下旋蒸,去除溶剂,得到的粗产物;将粗产物用二氯甲烷提取5次,用去离子水清洗有机相5次,用吸水剂除去有机相掺杂的去离子水,将处理后的有机相过滤,并将滤液旋蒸除去溶剂,即得到目标产物。
一种太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法:
1)制备含氟膜
将乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌反复酸洗、碱洗7次以除去阻聚剂,全氟烷基乙烯基醚、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苯并三唑、丙烯腈通过中性氧化铝(200目)层析以除去阻聚剂,然后将它们和十二烷基苯磺酸钠按上述比例混合,超声30min,再将其滴在玻璃板上,放入在惰性气氛下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间40min,发生聚合反应,得到含氟聚合物,后将其加入200℃的挤出机中熔融,并经过衣架型T-模制备得到厚度为25μm的含氟膜;
2)膜表面处理
将双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜和含氟膜分别放入等离子体腔内,在功率为100W下电晕处理12min,再在100℃下加热3h;
3)膜的层叠
通过层压机将经过步骤2)处理得到的含氟膜层叠在步骤2)处理得到的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜的上下表面得到复合膜(往复操作3次),将复合膜在60℃下硬化16min,然后再在室温下硬化20h,得到背板膜。
实施例2
一种太阳能电池的背板膜,包括阻湿膜和设在阻湿膜内外两侧的含氟膜,所述阻湿膜和含氟膜之间无需粘合剂而能自然粘接;所述阻湿膜100μm厚的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜;所述含氟膜是由如下重量份的原料辐射聚合制备而成的:全氟乙基乙烯基醚25份、乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌12份、甲基丙烯酸12份、乙烯基苯并三唑17份、丙烯腈12份和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚1份。
其中,所述乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:将100g乙烯基硅氧烷和2g阻聚剂亚甲基蓝加入到悬浮有500g氧化锌纳米粒子的3000g氯仿中,在He气氛下,在87℃下回流搅拌24h,将所得物质离心分离,将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后,在65℃下干燥22h得到乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌。
所述乙烯基苯并三唑的制备方法为:将150g苯并三唑、2g阻聚剂氯化亚铜和100g烯丙基氯充分溶于800g乙腈中,再向其中加入160g KOH,在室温、惰性气氛下搅拌4h后,在43℃下旋蒸,去除溶剂,得到的粗产物;将粗产物用二氯甲烷提取4次,用去离子水清洗有机相6次,用吸水剂除去有机相掺杂的去离子水,将处理后的有机相过滤,并将滤液旋蒸除去溶剂,即得到目标产物。
一种太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法:
1)制备含氟膜
将将乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌反复酸洗、碱洗5-7次以除去阻聚剂,全氟烷基乙烯基醚、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苯并三唑、丙烯腈通过中性氧化铝(300目)层析以除去阻聚剂,然后将它们和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚按比例混合,超声33min,再将其滴在玻璃板上,放入在惰性气氛下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间37min,发生聚合反应,得到含氟聚合物,后将其加入210℃的挤出机中熔融,并经过镀铬的压延辊制备得到厚度为28μm的含氟膜;
2)膜表面处理
将双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜和含氟膜分别放入等离子体腔内,在功率为120W下电晕处理30min,再在107℃下加热140min;
3)膜的层叠
通过层压机将经过步骤2)处理得到的含氟膜层叠在步骤2)处理得到的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜的上下表面得到复合膜(往复操作5次),将复合膜在75℃下硬化22min,然后再在室温下硬化23h,得到背板膜。
实施例3
一种太阳能电池的背板膜,包括阻湿膜和设在阻湿膜内外两侧的含氟膜,所述阻湿膜和含氟膜之间无需粘合剂而能自然粘接;所述阻湿膜60μm厚的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜;所述含氟膜是由如下重量份的原料辐射聚合制备而成的:全氟甲基乙烯基醚27份、乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌13份、甲基丙烯酸12份、乙烯基苯并三唑18份、丙烯腈13份和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1.5份。
其中,所述乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:将100g乙烯基硅氧烷和2g阻聚剂2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基TMP(h)加入到悬浮有600g氧化锌纳米粒子的3400g氯仿中,在Ar气氛下,在84℃下回流搅拌27h,将所得物质离心分离,将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后,在72℃下干燥19h得到乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌。
所述乙烯基苯并三唑的制备方法为:将150g苯并三唑、2g阻聚剂三氯化铁和100g烯丙基氯充分溶于1000g乙腈中,再向其中加入180g KOH,在室温、惰性气氛下搅拌4h后,在46℃下旋蒸,去除溶剂,得到的粗产物;将粗产物用二氯甲烷提取5次,用去离子水清洗有机相7次,用吸水剂除去有机相掺杂的去离子水,将处理后的有机相过滤,并将滤液旋蒸除去溶剂,即得到目标产物。
一种太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法:
1)制备含氟膜
将乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌反复酸洗、碱洗6次以除去阻聚剂,全氟烷基乙烯基醚、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苯并三唑、丙烯腈通过中性氧化铝(200目)层析以除去阻聚剂,然后将它们和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚按比例混合,超声36min,再将其滴在玻璃板上,放入在惰性气氛下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间35min,发生聚合反应,得到含氟聚合物,后将其加入220℃的挤出机中熔融,并经过干燥辊制备得到厚度为27μm的含氟膜;
2)膜表面处理
将双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜和含氟膜分别放入等离子体腔内,在功率为180W下电晕处理20min,再在110℃下加热2h;
3)膜的层叠
通过层压机将经过步骤2)处理得到的含氟膜层叠在步骤2)处理得到的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜的上下表面得到复合膜(往复操作4次),将复合膜在80℃下硬化125min,然后再在室温下硬化25h,得到背板膜。
实施例4
一种太阳能电池的背板膜,包括阻湿膜和设在阻湿膜内外两侧的含氟膜,所述阻湿膜和含氟膜之间无需粘合剂而能自然粘接;所述阻湿膜70μm厚的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜;所述含氟膜是由如下重量份的原料辐射聚合制备而成的:全氟乙基乙烯基醚30份、乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌15份、甲基丙烯酸15份、乙烯基苯并三唑20份、丙烯腈15份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.5份和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1份。
其中,所述乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:将100g乙烯基硅氧烷和3g阻聚剂2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基TMP(h)加入到悬浮有600g氧化锌纳米粒子的4800g氯仿中,在N2气氛下,在90℃下回流搅拌20h,将所得物质离心分离,将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后,在80℃下干燥15h得到乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌。
所述乙烯基苯并三唑的制备方法为:将150g苯并三唑、2.5g阻聚剂三氯化铁和100g烯丙基氯充分溶于1200g乙腈中,再向其中加入225g KOH,在室温、惰性气氛下搅拌4h后,在50℃下旋蒸,去除溶剂,得到的粗产物;将粗产物用二氯甲烷提取5次,用去离子水清洗有机相7次,用吸水剂除去有机相掺杂的去离子水,将处理后的有机相过滤,并将滤液旋蒸除去溶剂,即得到目标产物。
一种太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法:
1)制备含氟膜
将乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌反复酸洗、碱洗7次以除去阻聚剂,全氟烷基乙烯基醚、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苯并三唑、丙烯腈通过中性氧化铝(300目)层析以除去阻聚剂,然后将它们和乳化剂(由十二烷基苯磺酸钠和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚按质量比1:2组成)按比例混合,超声40min,再将其滴在玻璃板上,放入在惰性气氛下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间30min,发生聚合反应,得到含氟聚合物,后将其加入215℃的挤出机中熔融,并经过镀铬的压延辊制备得到厚度为26μm的含氟膜;
2)膜表面处理
将双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜和含氟膜分别放入等离子体腔内,在功率为150W下电晕处理20min,再在110℃下加热2h;
3)膜的层叠
通过层压机将经过步骤2)处理得到的含氟膜层叠在步骤2)处理得到的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜的上下表面得到复合膜(往复操作4次),将复合膜在80℃下硬化16min,然后再在室温下硬化26h,得到背板膜。
实施例5
一种太阳能电池的背板膜,包括阻湿膜和设在阻湿膜内外两侧的含氟膜,所述阻湿膜和含氟膜之间无需粘合剂而能自然粘接;所述阻湿膜是85μm厚的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜;所述含氟膜是由如下重量份的原料辐射聚合制备而成的:全氟正丙基乙烯基醚28份、乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌11份、甲基丙烯酸14份、乙烯基苯并三唑20份、丙烯腈14份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.7份和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚0.8份。
其中,所述乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:将100g乙烯基硅氧烷和2.4g阻聚剂亚甲基蓝加入到悬浮有450g氧化锌纳米粒子的2250g氯仿中,在N2气氛下,在88℃下回流搅拌23h,将所得物质离心分离,将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后,在70℃下干燥20h得到乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌。
所述乙烯基苯并三唑的制备方法为:将150g苯并三唑、2.2g阻聚剂氯化亚铜和100g烯丙基氯充分溶于900g乙腈中,再向其中加入200g KOH,在室温、Ar气氛下搅拌4h后,在46℃下旋蒸,去除溶剂,得到的粗产物;将粗产物用二氯甲烷提取3次,用去离子水清洗有机相5次,用吸水剂除去有机相掺杂的去离子水,将处理后的有机相过滤,并将滤液旋蒸除去溶剂,即得到目标产物。
一种本实施例太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法:
1)制备含氟膜
将乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌反复酸洗、碱洗5次以除去阻聚剂,全氟烷基乙烯基醚、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苯并三唑、丙烯腈通过中性氧化铝(300目)层析以除去阻聚剂,然后将它们和乳化剂(由十二烷基苯磺酸钠和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚按质量比7:8组成)按比例混合,超声38min,再将其滴在玻璃板上,放入在惰性气氛下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间38min,发生聚合反应,得到含氟聚合物,后将其加入230℃的挤出机中熔融,并经过镀铬的压延辊制备得到厚度为30μm的含氟膜;
2)膜表面处理
将双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜和含氟膜分别放入等离子体腔内,在功率为200W下电晕处理12min,再在110℃下加热2h;
3)膜的层叠
通过层压机将经过步骤2)处理得到的含氟膜层叠在步骤2)处理得到的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜的上下表面得到复合膜(往复操作5次),将复合膜在70℃下硬化20min,然后再在室温下硬化27h,得到背板膜。
本发明各实施例测试结果如表1所示。目前,市场上的美国产品表面张力为40mN/cm,膜层间粘结强度20-40N/10mm,耐候性能1300h(85℃×85%RH)绝缘性能50-70KV/mm,水蒸气透过率4.3g/m2.d。从下表可以看出,本发明在各项指标上,优于国外同类产品。
表1实施例太阳能背板膜性能测试结果
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求的保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。
Claims (1)
1.一种太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)制备含氟膜:
将全氟烷基乙烯基醚20-30份、乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌10-15份、甲基丙烯酸10-15份、乙烯基苯并三唑15-20份、丙烯腈10-15份和乳化剂1-2份按比例混合,超声30-40min,再将其滴在玻璃板上,放入在惰性气氛下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间30-40min,发生聚合反应,得到含氟聚合物,后将其加入到200-230℃的挤出机中熔融得到厚度为25-30μm的含氟膜;
2)膜表面处理:
将双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜和含氟膜分别放入等离子体腔内,在功率为100-200W下电晕处理12-30min,再在100-110℃下加热2-3h;
3)膜的层叠:
通过层压机将经过步骤2)处理得到的含氟膜层叠在步骤2)处理得到的双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜的上下表面得到复合膜,将复合膜在60-80℃下硬化16-25min,然后再在室温下硬化至少20h,得到背板膜;
所述乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌在聚合前经过反复酸洗、碱洗5-7次以除去阻聚剂,含有乙烯基的单体全氟烷基乙烯基醚、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苯并三唑、丙烯腈在使用前都通过200-300目的中性氧化铝层析用于除去阻聚剂;所述双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜的厚度为40-100μm;
所述乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:将乙烯基硅氧烷和阻聚剂加入到悬浮有氧化锌纳米粒子的氯仿中,在惰性气氛下,在80-90℃下回流搅拌20-30h,将所得物质离心分离,将分离得到的固体用氯仿洗净后,在60-80℃下干燥15-26h得到乙烯基硅氧烷修饰纳米氧化锌,所述乙烯基硅氧烷与氧化锌纳米粒子的质量比为1:(4-6),所述氧化锌纳米粒子与氯仿的质量比为1:(5-8),所述乙烯基硅氧烷与阻聚剂的质量比为100:(1-3);
所述乙烯基苯并三唑的制备方法为:将苯并三唑、阻聚剂和烯丙基氯充分溶于乙腈中,再向其中加入KOH,在室温、惰性气氛下搅拌4h后,在40-50℃下旋蒸,去除溶剂,得到的粗产物;将粗产物用二氯甲烷提取3-5次,用去离子水清洗有机相5-7次,用吸水剂除去有机相掺杂的去离子水,将处理后的有机相过滤,并将滤液旋蒸除去溶剂,即得到目标产物;所述苯并三唑、烯丙基氯与阻聚剂的质量比为1.5:1:(0.01-0.03),所述苯并三唑、乙腈、KOH的质量比为1:(5-8):(1-1.5);
所述乳化剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种;
所述全氟烷基乙烯基醚选自全氟甲基乙烯基醚、全氟乙基乙烯基醚、全氟正丙基乙烯基醚中的一种或几种;
所述阻聚剂选自亚甲基蓝、氯化亚铜、三氯化铁、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基TMP(h)中的一种或几种。
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