CN112071651A - 半固化高压铝电解电容器工作电解质 - Google Patents
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- SATJMZAWJRWBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;decanedioic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O SATJMZAWJRWBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N -5-Ethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone Natural products CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- FLDCSPABIQBYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1,2-dimethylbenzimidazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2N(C)C(C)=NC2=C1 FLDCSPABIQBYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001741 Ammonium adipate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N Chemical compound OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019293 ammonium adipate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- VHOCUJPBKOZGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VHOCUJPBKOZGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LWUDRZWFTZUBPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=CC=CCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[NH4+] Chemical compound C(C=CC=CCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[NH4+] LWUDRZWFTZUBPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYWYYJYRVSBHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 VYWYYJYRVSBHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZZPOFFXKUVNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC=C GZZPOFFXKUVNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBLKVIQSIHEQOF-UPHRSURJSA-N Octadec-9-ene-1,18-dioic-acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SBLKVIQSIHEQOF-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940067597 azelate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940116918 octadecenedioic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- ADHNUPOJJCKWRT-JLXBFWJWSA-N (2e,4e)-octadeca-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O ADHNUPOJJCKWRT-JLXBFWJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQSBWLQFLLMPKC-BNFZFUHLSA-N 2E,4E-Dodecadienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O HQSBWLQFLLMPKC-BNFZFUHLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXQHMVLVHQGAPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[NH2+][N+](=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[NH2+][N+](=O)[O-] KXQHMVLVHQGAPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAYHBWHONZLDER-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=CC=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[NH4+] Chemical compound C(C=CC=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[NH4+] QAYHBWHONZLDER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJYJYFHBOBUTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-camphorene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=C)C1CCC(CCC=C(C)C)=CC1 GJYJYFHBOBUTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQSBWLQFLLMPKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecadienoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CC=CC(O)=O HQSBWLQFLLMPKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种半固化高压铝电解电容器工作中的电解质,解决高压铝电解电容器随温度和频率变化而导致电解电容器电性能变化大的问题。通过选择乙二醇、丙三醇、二甘醇等二或三元醇类有机物和γ‑丁内酯、己内酯等有机酯类作为主溶剂,添加聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯醇、聚乙二醇等聚合物作为辅助溶剂,形成一种完全凝胶化的胶体作为工作电解液的溶剂,加入葵二酸铵、己二酸铵等支链有机酸铵作为主溶质辅助硼酸和五硼酸铵以及消氢剂硝基化合物和次亚磷酸及铵盐配制成完全凝胶化的半固化工作电解质,使其共沸点大为提高,蒸汽压大幅降低,从而大大降低电解液的挥发速率,延伸电容器的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电子技术领域,具体来说涉及一种半固化高压铝电解电容器工作中的电解质,解决高压铝电解电容器随温度和频率变化而导致电解电容器电性能变化大的问题,特别是在高压条件下如何保持电容器随温度和频率的变化的一致性。
背景技术
铝电解电容器作为一种滤波器件,因其容量大、体积小、原材料来源方便而广泛应用于各种电子线路中。铝电解电容器由于其工作电解液一般为液体工作介质,使其在线路使用中因温度和频率的变化其电性能变化太大因而在使用中受到很大的限制,甚至已经制约相关电子技术的发展。为此如何解决铝电解电容器因温度和频率变化导致电性能变化大的问题成为广大电容器厂家研究的方向,同时在线路中由于有交流成分的存在,电解电容器因内部气压的产生导致电解液挥发而失效,特别是在高压条件下如何保持电容器随温度和频率的变化的一致性显得更为迫切。目前日本相关企业和国内福建国光集团在低压铝电解方面已有相应的突破,通过采用片式化和有机高分子涂覆使其温度和频率特性得到了稳定,但在高压铝电解电容器方面却没有任何进展。
发明内容
本发明为了解决高压铝电解电容器随温度和频率变化而导致电解电容器电性能变化大的问题,采用如下技术方案:
1、通过选择乙二醇、丙三醇、二甘醇等二或三元醇类有机物和γ-丁内酯、己内酯等有机酯类作为主溶剂,添加聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯醇、聚乙二醇等聚合物作为辅助溶剂,形成一种完全凝胶化的胶体作为工作电解液的溶剂,加入葵二酸铵、己二酸铵、壬二酸氢铵、十二双酸或十二双烯酸铵并添加支链葵二酸铵等支链有机酸铵作为主溶质辅助硼酸和五硼酸铵以及消氢剂硝基化合物和次亚磷酸及铵盐配制成完全凝胶化的半固化工作电解质,使其共沸点大为提高,蒸汽压大幅降低,从而大大降低电解液的挥发速率,延伸电容器的使用寿命,
2、有机溶剂为实现半固化高压电解质的目的,选用乙二醇、丙三醇2.5-60%、二甘醇5-15%、γ-丁内醇5-30%、硼酸0.1-5%、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯醇、聚乙醇0.5-15%通过130-200℃高温进行搅拌溶解使其达到200-260℃的共沸点比一般液体工作电解液共沸点120-140℃高100℃以上,
3、为实现高压电容器的性能,本发明主溶质采用葵二酸铵2-10%、壬二酸及氢铵1-12%、支链葵二酸铵2.5-30%、十二双烯酸及铵0.5-5%、十八烯双酸及铵0.1-3%以及三十碳酸及铵少量来实现≥500V以上的闪火电压,
4、为实现电容器电性能的稳定性和解决其内部压力的产生,在电解液中添加对硝基苯甲酸及铵,间苯酚、二硝基苯酸及铵0.1-5%、次亚磷酸及铵0.1-3%作为添加剂以形成稳定的半固化凝胶工作电解质,
本发明的有益效果:
半固化凝胶电解质和普通电解液相比,其电导度基本一致,其共沸点、闪火电压明显提高,电解液的挥发速率将明显降低。从而大大降低电解液的挥发速率,延长电容器的使用寿命;
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明
1、实施例
(1)将乙二醇67.5%、二甘醇5%、γ-丁内酯10%、硼酸2%、聚乙烯醇105 5%、聚乙二醇10001.5%混合搅拌烧煮至140℃并保温0.5-2小时,然后降温至120℃,
(2)在上述液中依次加入葵二酸铵6%、支链葵二酸铵5%、十二双烯酸铵3%、十八双烯酸1%、三十碳酸铵0.5%继续搅拌加热至160℃,保温1小时,
(3)将上述液自然降温至120℃,加入次亚磷酸铵0.5%和二硝基苯甲酸铵2%,搅拌溶解形成a液,
2、实施例
(1)将乙二醇75%、丙三醇10%、硼酸2%、聚丙烯醇124 3%、聚乙二醇2000 5%、γ-丁内酯5%搅拌烧煮至200℃,保温2小时并降温至130℃,
(2)在上述液中依次加入葵二酸铵8%、支链葵二酸铵4%、十八双烯酸铵2%、十二双烯酸铵4%、三十碳酸0.3%搅拌加热至160℃,保温2小时,
(3)在上述液冷却至130℃,加入间苯酚2%、次亚磷酸1.5%搅拌溶解形成b液;
3、电解液性能比较
普通电解液 | a液(凝胶) | b液(凝胶) | |
30℃,电导度(μs/cm) | 1200 | 1300 | 1100 |
100℃,闪火电压(Us,v) | ≥450 | ≥600 | ≥680 |
30℃,PH | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.2 |
共沸点(℃) | 136 | 220 | 248 |
上表性能为,半固化凝胶电解质和普通电解液相比,其电导度基本一致,但其共沸点、闪火电压明显提高,电解液的挥发速率将明显降低。
Claims (3)
1.一种半固化高压铝电解电容器工作中的电解质,其特征在于通过选择乙二醇、丙三醇、二甘醇等二或三元醇类有机物和γ-丁内酯、己内酯等有机酯类作为主溶剂,添加聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯醇、聚乙二醇等聚合物作为辅助溶剂,形成一种完全凝胶化的胶体作为工作电解液的溶剂,加入葵二酸铵、己二酸铵、壬二酸氢铵、十二双酸或十二双烯酸铵并添加支链葵二酸铵等支链有机酸铵作为主溶质辅助硼酸和五硼酸铵以及消氢剂硝基化合物和次亚磷酸及铵盐配制成完全凝胶化的半固化工作电解质,使其共沸点大为提高,蒸汽压大幅降低,从而大大降低电解液的挥发速率,延伸电容器的使用寿命。
2.具有权利要求1的半固化高压铝电解电容器工作中的电解质,主溶质采用葵二酸铵2-10%、壬二酸及氢铵1-12%、支链葵二酸铵2.5-30%、十二双烯酸及铵0.5-5%、十八烯双酸及铵0.1-3%以及三十碳酸及铵少量来实现≥500V以上的闪火电压。
3.具有权利要求1的半固化高压铝电解电容器工作中的电解质,为实现电容器电性能的稳定性和解决其内部压力的产生,在电解液中添加对硝基苯甲酸及铵,间苯酚、二硝基苯酸及铵0.1-5%、次亚磷酸及铵0.1-3%作为添加剂以形成稳定的半固化凝胶工作电解质。
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