CN112042519B - Variable-depth underground irrigation device and method for guiding root growth - Google Patents

Variable-depth underground irrigation device and method for guiding root growth Download PDF

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CN112042519B
CN112042519B CN202010890952.0A CN202010890952A CN112042519B CN 112042519 B CN112042519 B CN 112042519B CN 202010890952 A CN202010890952 A CN 202010890952A CN 112042519 B CN112042519 B CN 112042519B
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branch pipe
irrigation
water
depth
annular
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CN112042519A (en
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章宇阳
刘小刚
王心乐
高燕俐
范诚
董建华
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G29/00Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/02Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
    • A01C23/023Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/042Adding fertiliser to watering systems

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及引导根系生长的变深度地下灌溉装置及方法。本发明包括加压装置、干管、封闭支管以及开孔支管;灌溉水通过封闭支管的柱形流道流向贮水仓,再经分流管流向环形灌水器,最后由环形灌水器的出水孔流向开孔支管的灌水孔及下段干管。本发明可实现引导根系横纵向发展,从而促进作物生长;根据作物不同的生育期控制灌水量及灌水深度,减少蒸发,节约水资源及肥料;灌水深度及湿润半径可变,可拓宽一般地下灌溉系统的适用范围;通过控制根系与灌溉水接触时间,有利于土壤通气,防止烂根;灌水器置于支管内部,可避免地下灌水器堵塞的问题;可拆卸的特性,可让地下灌溉装置适用于更多场合,同时便于干管的回收及存放;可实现水肥一体化。

Figure 202010890952

The invention relates to a variable depth underground irrigation device and method for guiding root growth. The invention includes a pressurizing device, a main pipe, a closed branch pipe and an open-hole branch pipe; the irrigation water flows to the water storage tank through the cylindrical flow channel of the closed branch pipe, and then flows to the annular irrigator through the branch pipe, and finally flows to the water outlet of the annular irrigator. The irrigation hole of the perforated branch pipe and the lower section of the main pipe. The invention can guide the horizontal and vertical development of the root system, thereby promoting the growth of crops; control the amount of irrigation water and the depth of irrigation according to different growth periods of crops, reduce evaporation, save water resources and fertilizers; the depth of irrigation and the wetting radius are variable, and can widen the general underground irrigation. The scope of application of the system; by controlling the contact time between the root system and the irrigation water, it is conducive to soil ventilation and prevents root rot; the irrigator is placed inside the branch pipe, which can avoid the problem of clogging of the underground irrigator; the detachable feature can make the underground irrigation device suitable In more occasions, it is convenient for the recovery and storage of main pipes; it can realize the integration of water and fertilizer.

Figure 202010890952

Description

Variable-depth underground irrigation device and method for guiding root growth
Technical Field
The invention relates to a variable-depth underground irrigation device and method for guiding root growth, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural water-saving irrigation.
Background
In the current agricultural production, in order to improve the utilization rate of water resources and save the water consumption for irrigation, people explore various water-saving irrigation modes. Agricultural water-saving irrigation technology develops till now, and underground irrigation is comparatively ripe in the field irrigation engineering, but in the actual production process, ordinary underground irrigation system function and application condition are more single, and have defects such as easy jam. With the growth of crops, the root systems of the crops develop gradually, and the required irrigation water quantity, irrigation depth and irrigation wetting radius are also different. Most of the existing underground irrigation systems are embedded underground before the fixed planting of crops, the irrigation depth and the irrigation radius are fixed, and the limitation on root growth, crop development and water utilization is large. Therefore, the application conditions of the underground irrigation system are widened, the function diversification of the underground irrigation is improved, and the method is particularly important in the technical field of agricultural water-saving irrigation.
Existing subsurface irrigation devices generally have the following disadvantages:
(1) most of the existing underground irrigation devices are pre-buried before the fixed planting of crops, the irrigation depth and the radius are fixed and unchanged, and the development of crop roots is limited, so that the growth of the crops is influenced.
(2) The irrigation flow of the existing underground irrigation device is generally unchangeable and can not be completely adapted to the irrigation water requirement of crops in different periods.
(3) The irrigation water volume of the underground irrigation device mostly stays in a shallow soil area, the evaporation capacity is large, and the water utilization efficiency needs to be improved.
(4) The current underground irrigation device is usually directly carried irrigation water to around the crop root system, fails make full use of root system to water to fertile nature, guides the root system development, promotes crop growth.
The existing underground irrigation device is easy to block and is not easy to dredge and overhaul.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a variable-depth underground irrigation device and method for guiding root growth, which can realize the transverse and longitudinal development of the root so as to promote the growth of crops, reduce the evaporation of irrigation water and save water resources and fertilizers, and meanwhile, the irrigation depth, irrigation quantity and wetting radius of the irrigation device are variable, so that the application range of a common underground irrigation system can be widened, the ventilation of soil is facilitated, root rot is prevented, the problem of blockage of the underground irrigation device can be avoided, the device has the detachable characteristic, and the water and fertilizer integration is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a variable-depth underground irrigation device for guiding root growth comprises a pressurizing device 1, a main pipe 2, a closed branch pipe 5 and a perforated branch pipe 8;
irrigation water enters from a water inlet at the left end of the air drying pipe 2, flows to the water storage bin 9 through the cylindrical flow channel 11 of the closed branch pipe 5, flows to the annular irrigator 13 through the flow dividing pipe 10, and finally flows to the irrigation holes 16 of the perforated branch pipe 8 and the lower section trunk pipe from the water outlet hole 14 of the annular irrigator 13; the main pipe 2 is vertically connected with the closed branch pipe 5 in a tee pipe mode; in the closed branch pipe 5, the sliding piston 6 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the closed branch pipe 5, the sliding piston slides in the sliding cavity 7 under the action of water pressure, the cylindrical runner 11 is connected with the water storage bin 9 in the perforated branch pipe 8, the water storage bin 9 in the perforated branch pipe 8 is connected with the shunt pipe 10, the annular emitter 13 is a hollow cylinder, a row of water outlet holes 14 are uniformly formed in the outer curved surface and tightly attached to the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8, the shunt pipe 10 is connected to the inner curved surface of the annular emitter 13, the hollow piston 12 is tightly attached to the upper portion of the annular emitter 13, the closed piston 15 is tightly attached to the lower portion of the annular emitter 13, and the water filling holes 16 are uniformly formed in the lower half portion of the perforated branch pipe 8.
As a further proposal of the invention, in the closed branch pipe 5, the sliding piston 6 is a hollow cylinder made of elastic waterproof material, the outer edge of the ring-shaped irrigator is tightly attached to the inner wall of the closed branch pipe 5, a cylindrical flow passage 11 in the sliding piston 6 is connected with a water storage bin 9 of the branch pipe 8 with a hole, the water storage bin 9 is connected with four branch pipes 10, the branch pipes 10 are communicated with the inner curved surface of the ring-shaped irrigator 13, a hollow piston 12 and a closed piston 15 are respectively fixed on the upper part and the lower part of the ring-shaped irrigator 13, namely a sliding piston 6, a cylindrical flow passage 11, a water storage bin 9, a shunt pipe 10, an annular douche 13, a hollow piston 12 and a closed piston 15 are connected into a whole, are pushed by water pressure to move in a closed branch pipe 5 and an open branch pipe 8, therefore, the purpose of changing the irrigation depth is achieved, the water outlet pressure of the water outlet hole 14 is changed by combining the adjustment of the water pressure, and the purpose of changing the radius of the wetting body is achieved.
As a further scheme of the invention, the closed branch pipe 5 comprises a sliding piston 6, a sliding cavity 7 and a cylindrical flow passage 11; the sliding piston 6 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the closed branch pipe 5 and slides in the sliding cavity 7; the perforated branch pipe 8 comprises a water storage bin 9, a shunt pipe 10, a hollow piston 12, an annular douche 13 and a closed piston 15; the shell of the closed branch pipe 5 is made of impervious closed material, the shell of the perforated branch pipe 8 is divided into an upper part and a lower part by an annular irrigator 13 at an initial position, the upper part is closed, and the lower part is provided with an irrigation hole 16.
As a further scheme of the invention, according to the arrangement mode that the underground irrigation device is matched with the crops to be planted, the water outlet holes 14 arranged on the annular irrigator 13 can be manually and selectively opened, and if the water outlet holes 14 are fully opened on the annular irrigator 13, the variable-depth underground irrigation device for guiding the root system to grow can be arranged under a single row of crops; if apopore 14 is seted up to half side on the annular emitter 13, the variable depth underground irrigation device of guide root system growth can arrange between two rows of crops, both ends about main pipe 2, seal branch pipe 5, trompil branch pipe 8 both ends are all made and are dismantled the form from top to bottom, can be connected with arbitrary irrigation pipe promptly, realize different irrigation methods, satisfy different irrigation demands.
As a further scheme of the invention, the opening 17 is arranged on the perforated branch pipe 8 and is used for sleeving the cylindrical flow passage 11, the diameter of the cylindrical flow passage 11 is consistent with that of the opening 17, the cylindrical flow passage 11 and the opening 17 are movably connected, the lower half part of the perforated branch pipe 8 is provided with a water filling hole 16, the circular surface of the bottom is closed to prevent leakage, one end of the shunt pipe 10 is communicated with the water storage bin 9, the other end of the shunt pipe is communicated with a water inlet 20 inside the annular water filling device 13, and the specific sizes of the closed branch pipe 5 and the perforated branch pipe 8 can be changed according to the change of the types of crops.
As a further scheme of the invention, the outer diameter of the sliding piston 6 is larger than the opening 17 of the perforated branch pipe, so that the plane of the opening 17 of the perforated branch pipe is the lower limit of the sliding piston 6, the connecting surface of the cylindrical flow passage 11 and the water inlet 19 of the water storage bin is circular, the diameter is consistent with that of the cylindrical flow passage 11, the outer diameter of the annular emitter 13 is consistent with the inner diameter of the perforated branch pipe 8, the water outlet 14 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8 and is attached to the water irrigation holes 16, the aperture of the water irrigation holes 16 is smaller than that of the water outlet 14, and the opening density of the water irrigation holes 16 is larger than that of the water outlet 14, so as to ensure smooth water outlet and prevent the annular emitter 13 from being blocked due to winding of soil and gravel or root systems.
As a further scheme of the invention, the hollow piston 12, the annular emitter 13 and the closed piston 15 are fixedly connected and move together with the cylindrical runner 11, the outer diameters of the three are consistent, the inner diameter of the hollow piston 12 is consistent with the inner diameter of the annular emitter 13, the three are tightly attached to the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8 and are pressurized by the pressurizing device 1 to push the sliding piston 6 to move downwards so as to drive the cylindrical runner 11, the water storage bin 9, the shunt pipe 10 and the annular emitter 13 to move along the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8, the depth of the water outlet 14 on the annular emitter 13 is the only water outlet depth of the underground irrigation device, and the emitter 16 matched with the water outlet 14 is the only water outlet of the underground irrigation device.
A method of variable depth sub-irrigation for guiding root growth, the method comprising:
step1, according to the growth rules of different crop roots, in the growth and development process of crops, the pressurizing device 1 pressurizes to push the sliding piston 6 to move downwards to a first depth A, so as to drive the cylindrical runner 11, the water storage bin 9, the shunt pipe 10 and the annular irrigator 13 to move along the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8, the depth of a water outlet hole 14 on the annular irrigator 13 along with the water outlet hole is the only water outlet depth B of irrigation, the irrigation hole 16 matched with the water outlet hole 14 is the only water outlet of irrigation, the water outlet depth B is greater than the length of the longest root system, namely, the wetting body keeps a certain depth from the root system for a certain time; during the period, the periphery of the root system is dry, and the root system grows deeper and wider due to the fertilizer property towards water, namely the root system grows towards a moist body;
step2, when the root system grows and contacts the wetting body, the pressurizing device 1 stops pressurizing, the sliding piston 6 is kept at the first depth A, the cylindrical flow channel 11, the water storage bin 9, the shunt pipe 10 and the annular emitter 13 also stay at corresponding positions, the water outlet hole 14 on the annular emitter 13 continuously discharges water, the water discharging depth is unchanged at the depth B, the water discharging hole 16 matched with the water outlet hole 14 is the only water outlet of the underground irrigation device, and the root system is kept in contact with the wetting body for a certain time; during the period, the root system absorbs water to ensure the water needed by the growth of crops;
step3, after the root system is kept in contact with the moist body for a certain time, the pressurizing device 1 continues pressurizing, the sliding piston 6 is pushed to move downwards to the depth C, the cylindrical flow channel 11, the water storage bin 9, the flow dividing pipe 10 and the annular irrigator 13 are driven to move along the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8, the depth of the water outlet hole 14 on the annular irrigator 13 along with the water outlet hole is the only water outlet depth D of the underground irrigator, the irrigation hole 16 matched with the water outlet hole 14 is the only water outlet for irrigation, the only water outlet depth D for irrigation is larger than the longest root system length at the moment, and the moist body is kept for a certain time at a certain depth from the root system; during the period, the roots are dry, and because the roots grow to be fertile towards water, the roots can grow to be deeper and wider, namely to be in the direction of a wet body.
And (3) repeatedly executing Step 1-Step 3, gradually increasing the pressure of the pressurizing device 1, wherein the pressurizing strength is higher than the last pressurizing strength every time, so that the irrigation depth is pushed to move to a deeper position along with the growth of the root system, the necessary water of the crop can be ensured, the growth of the root system of the crop is guided, the development of the root system is promoted, and the water utilization efficiency is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can realize the transverse and longitudinal development of the guide root system, thereby promoting the growth of crops; controlling irrigation quantity and irrigation depth according to different growth periods of crops, reducing evaporation and saving water resources and fertilizers; the irrigation depth and the wetting radius of the irrigation system are variable, so that the application range of a common underground irrigation system can be widened; the contact time of the root system and irrigation water is controlled, so that soil ventilation is facilitated, and root rot is prevented; the douche is arranged inside the branch pipe, so that the problem of blockage of the douche is avoided; the characteristic of detachability can make the underground irrigation device suitable for more occasions, and is convenient for the recovery and storage of the main pipe; can realize the integration of water and fertilizer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial detail view of the perforated leg 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an internal detail view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial detail view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional view of the hollow piston 12 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the annular emitter 13 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the closure piston 15 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a first schematic view of the present invention, with the arrows indicating the direction of water flow;
FIG. 9 is a second schematic view of the present invention, with the arrows indicating the direction of water flow.
The reference numbers in the figures: 1-pressurizing device, 2-trunk, 3-crop root system, 4-soil surface, 5-closed branch pipe, 6-sliding piston, 7-sliding cavity, 8-perforated branch pipe, 9-water storage bin, 10-shunt pipe, 11-column flow channel, 12-hollow piston, 13-annular irrigator, 14-water outlet hole, 15-closed piston, 16-irrigation hole, 17-opening, 18-perforated branch pipe perforated upper limit, 19-water storage bin water inlet and 20-water inlet inside the annular irrigator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-9, a variable depth underground irrigation device for guiding root growth comprises a pressurizing device 1, a main pipe 2, a closed branch pipe 5 and an open branch pipe 8;
irrigation water enters from a water inlet at the left end of the air drying pipe 2, flows to the water storage bin 9 through the cylindrical flow channel 11 of the closed branch pipe 5, flows to the annular irrigator 13 through the flow dividing pipe 10, and finally flows to the irrigation holes 16 of the perforated branch pipe 8 and the lower section trunk pipe from the water outlet hole 14 of the annular irrigator 13; the main pipe 2 is vertically connected with the closed branch pipe 5 in a tee pipe mode; in the closed branch pipe 5, the sliding piston 6 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the closed branch pipe 5, the sliding piston slides in the sliding cavity 7 under the action of water pressure, the cylindrical runner 11 is connected with the water storage bin 9 in the perforated branch pipe 8, the water storage bin 9 in the perforated branch pipe 8 is connected with the shunt pipe 10, the annular emitter 13 is a hollow cylinder, a row of water outlet holes 14 are uniformly formed in the outer curved surface and tightly attached to the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8, the shunt pipe 10 is connected to the inner curved surface of the annular emitter 13, the hollow piston 12 is tightly attached to the upper portion of the annular emitter 13, the closed piston 15 is tightly attached to the lower portion of the annular emitter 13, and the water filling holes 16 are uniformly formed in the lower half portion of the perforated branch pipe 8.
As a further proposal of the invention, in the closed branch pipe 5, the sliding piston 6 is a hollow cylinder made of elastic waterproof material, the outer edge of the ring-shaped irrigator is tightly attached to the inner wall of the closed branch pipe 5, a cylindrical flow passage 11 in the sliding piston 6 is connected with a water storage bin 9 of the branch pipe 8 with a hole, the water storage bin 9 is connected with four branch pipes 10, the branch pipes 10 are communicated with the inner curved surface of the ring-shaped irrigator 13, a hollow piston 12 and a closed piston 15 are respectively fixed on the upper part and the lower part of the ring-shaped irrigator 13, namely a sliding piston 6, a cylindrical flow passage 11, a water storage bin 9, a shunt pipe 10, an annular douche 13, a hollow piston 12 and a closed piston 15 are connected into a whole, are pushed by water pressure to move in a closed branch pipe 5 and an open branch pipe 8, therefore, the purpose of changing the irrigation depth is achieved, the water outlet pressure of the water outlet hole 14 is changed by combining the adjustment of the water pressure, and the purpose of changing the radius of the wetting body is achieved.
As a further scheme of the invention, the closed branch pipe 5 comprises a sliding piston 6, a sliding cavity 7 and a cylindrical flow passage 11; the sliding piston 6 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the closed branch pipe 5 and slides in the sliding cavity 7; the perforated branch pipe 8 comprises a water storage bin 9, a shunt pipe 10, a hollow piston 12, an annular douche 13 and a closed piston 15; the shell of the closed branch pipe 5 is made of impervious closed material, the shell of the perforated branch pipe 8 is divided into an upper part and a lower part by an annular irrigator 13 at an initial position, the upper part is closed, and the lower part is provided with an irrigation hole 16.
As a further scheme of the invention, according to the arrangement mode that the underground irrigation device is matched with the crops to be planted, the water outlet holes 14 arranged on the annular irrigator 13 can be manually and selectively opened, and if the water outlet holes 14 are fully opened on the annular irrigator 13, the variable-depth underground irrigation device for guiding the root system to grow can be arranged under a single row of crops; if apopore 14 is seted up to half side on the annular emitter 13, the variable depth underground irrigation device of guide root system growth can arrange between two rows of crops, both ends about main pipe 2, seal branch pipe 5, trompil branch pipe 8 both ends are all made and are dismantled the form from top to bottom, can be connected with arbitrary irrigation pipe promptly, realize different irrigation methods, satisfy different irrigation demands.
As a further scheme of the invention, the opening 17 is arranged on the perforated branch pipe 8 and is used for sleeving the cylindrical flow passage 11, the diameter of the cylindrical flow passage 11 is consistent with that of the opening 17, the cylindrical flow passage 11 and the opening 17 are movably connected, the lower half part of the perforated branch pipe 8 is provided with a water filling hole 16, the circular surface of the bottom is closed to prevent leakage, one end of the shunt pipe 10 is communicated with the water storage bin 9, the other end of the shunt pipe is communicated with a water inlet 20 inside the annular water filling device 13, and the specific sizes of the closed branch pipe 5 and the perforated branch pipe 8 can be changed according to the change of the types of crops.
As a further scheme of the invention, the outer diameter of the sliding piston 6 is larger than the opening 17 of the perforated branch pipe, so that the plane of the opening 17 of the perforated branch pipe is the lower limit of the sliding piston 6, the connecting surface of the cylindrical flow passage 11 and the water inlet 19 of the water storage bin is circular, the diameter is consistent with that of the cylindrical flow passage 11, the outer diameter of the annular emitter 13 is consistent with the inner diameter of the perforated branch pipe 8, the water outlet 14 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8 and is attached to the water irrigation holes 16, the aperture of the water irrigation holes 16 is smaller than that of the water outlet 14, and the opening density of the water irrigation holes 16 is larger than that of the water outlet 14, so as to ensure smooth water outlet and prevent the annular emitter 13 from being blocked due to winding of soil and gravel or root systems.
As a further scheme of the invention, the hollow piston 12, the annular emitter 13 and the closed piston 15 are fixedly connected and move together with the cylindrical runner 11, the outer diameters of the three are consistent, the inner diameter of the hollow piston 12 is consistent with the inner diameter of the annular emitter 13, the three are tightly attached to the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8 and are pressurized by the pressurizing device 1 to push the sliding piston 6 to move downwards so as to drive the cylindrical runner 11, the water storage bin 9, the shunt pipe 10 and the annular emitter 13 to move along the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8, the depth of the water outlet 14 on the annular emitter 13 is the only water outlet depth of the underground irrigation device, and the emitter 16 matched with the water outlet 14 is the only water outlet of the underground irrigation device.
A method of variable depth sub-irrigation for guiding root growth, the method comprising:
step1, according to the growth rules of different crop roots, in the growth and development process of crops, the pressurizing device 1 pressurizes to push the sliding piston 6 to move downwards to a first depth A, so as to drive the cylindrical runner 11, the water storage bin 9, the shunt pipe 10 and the annular emitter 13 to move along the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8, the depth reached by the water outlet hole 14 on the annular emitter 13 is the only water outlet depth B for irrigation, the irrigation hole 16 matched with the water outlet hole 14 is the only water outlet for irrigation, the water outlet depth B is greater than the longest root length, namely, the moist body is kept at a certain depth from the root system for a certain time (the periphery of the root system is dry during the period, the root system grows to be water fertile, and the root system grows to be deeper and wider, namely, in the direction of the moist body);
step2, when the root system grows and contacts the wetting body, the pressurizing device 1 stops pressurizing, the sliding piston 6 is kept at the first depth A, the cylindrical flow channel 11, the water storage bin 9, the shunt pipe 10 and the annular emitter 13 also stay at corresponding positions, the water outlet hole 14 on the annular emitter 13 continuously discharges water, the water discharging depth is unchanged at the depth B, the water discharging hole 16 matched with the water outlet hole 14 is the only water outlet of the underground irrigation device, and the root system is kept in contact with the wetting body for a certain time (during the period, the root system absorbs water, and the water required by the growth of crops is ensured);
step3, after the root system is kept in contact with the moist body for a certain time, the pressurizing device 1 continues pressurizing, the sliding piston 6 is pushed to move downwards to the depth C, the cylindrical flow channel 11, the water storage bin 9, the flow dividing pipe 10 and the annular irrigator 13 are driven to move along the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe 8, the depth of the water outlet hole 14 on the annular irrigator 13 along with the water outlet hole is the only water outlet depth D of the underground irrigator, the irrigation hole 16 matched with the water outlet hole 14 is the only water outlet for irrigation, the only water outlet depth D for irrigation is larger than the longest root system length at the moment, namely, the moist body is kept at a certain depth from the root system for a certain time (during the period, the root system is dry around the root system, and the root system grows towards a deeper and wider part, namely the direction of the moist body).
And (3) repeatedly executing Step 1-Step 3, gradually increasing the pressure of the pressurizing device 1, wherein the pressurizing strength is higher than the last pressurizing strength every time, so that the irrigation depth is pushed to move to a deeper position along with the growth of the root system, the necessary water of the crop can be ensured, the growth of the root system of the crop is guided, the development of the root system is promoted, and the water utilization efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the irrigation method for guiding the root system to grow and the variable-depth underground irrigation device can be independently separated, namely the irrigation method for guiding the root system to grow can be realized by matching with other irrigation devices, and the variable-depth underground irrigation device can also be used by matching with other irrigation methods.
As shown in figure 1, a main pipe 2 is connected with a pressurizing device 1, laid on the soil surface 4, and a closed branch pipe 5 structure and an open branch pipe 8 are buried underground.
The structure of the closed branch pipe 5 mainly comprises a sliding piston 6, a sliding cavity 7 and a cylindrical runner 11, wherein the sliding piston 6 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the closed branch pipe 5 and slides in the sliding cavity 7; the structure of the branch pipe 8 with the opening mainly comprises a water storage bin 9, a shunt pipe 10, a hollow piston 12, an annular emitter 13 and a closed piston 15, wherein the water storage bin 9 is communicated with a cylindrical flow passage 11 and the shunt pipe 10, the shunt pipe 10 is connected with the annular emitter 13, the annular emitter 13 is provided with a water outlet 14, the outer wall of the branch pipe 8 with the opening is provided with a water filling hole 16, as shown in figure 2, the reference number 18 on the branch pipe 8 with the opening indicates the upper limit of the opening of the branch pipe with the opening. The operation of the pressurizing means 1 can be controlled manually or by computer. The pressurizing device 1 pressurizes to push the sliding piston 6, so as to drive the cylindrical runner 11, the water storage bin 9, the shunt pipe 10 and the annular irrigator 13 to move, and control the water outlet depth and the wetting radius of the perforated branch pipe 8.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1.一种引导根系生长的变深度地下灌溉装置,其特征在于:包括加压装置(1)、干管(2)、封闭支管(5)以及开孔支管(8);1. A variable-depth underground irrigation device for guiding root growth, characterized in that: it comprises a pressurizing device (1), a main pipe (2), a closed branch pipe (5) and a perforated branch pipe (8); 灌溉水自干管(2)左端进水口进入,通过封闭支管(5)的柱形流道(11)流向贮水仓(9),再经分流管(10)流向环形灌水器(13),最后由环形灌水器(13)的出水孔(14)流向开孔支管(8)的灌水孔(16)及下段干管;干管(2)与封闭支管(5)以三通管形式垂直相连;封闭支管(5)中,滑动活塞(6)与封闭支管(5)的内壁紧贴,受水压作用于滑动空腔(7)内滑动,柱形流道(11)与开孔支管(8)内的贮水仓(9)相连,开孔支管(8)中,贮水仓(9)上连接分流管(10),环形灌水器(13)呈空心圆柱体,外部曲面均匀开设一排出水孔(14)且与开孔支管(8)的内壁紧贴,分流管(10)连接于环形灌水器(13)的内部曲面上,环形灌水器(13)上部紧贴空心活塞(12),下部紧贴封闭活塞(15),开孔支管(8)下半部均匀开设灌水孔(16);Irrigation water enters from the water inlet at the left end of the main pipe (2), flows to the water storage bin (9) through the cylindrical flow channel (11) of the closed branch pipe (5), and then flows to the annular irrigator (13) through the branch pipe (10), Finally, the water outlet (14) of the annular irrigator (13) flows to the irrigation hole (16) of the perforated branch pipe (8) and the lower main pipe; the main pipe (2) and the closed branch pipe (5) are vertically connected in the form of a three-way pipe ;In the closed branch pipe (5), the sliding piston (6) is in close contact with the inner wall of the closed branch pipe (5), and is slid in the sliding cavity (7) by the action of water pressure, and the cylindrical flow channel (11) is connected to the opening branch pipe ( The water storage silo (9) in 8) is connected. In the branch pipe (8) with holes, the water storage silo (9) is connected with the shunt pipe (10). The water discharge hole (14) is in close contact with the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe (8), the shunt pipe (10) is connected to the inner curved surface of the annular irrigator (13), and the upper part of the annular irrigator (13) is in close contact with the hollow piston (12). ), the lower part is close to the closed piston (15), and the lower half of the perforated branch pipe (8) is evenly provided with irrigation holes (16); 所述封闭支管(5)中,滑动活塞(6)为空心圆柱体,材质为弹性不透水材料,其外边缘与封闭支管(5)内壁紧贴,滑动活塞(6)内部的柱形流道(11)与开孔支管(8)的贮水仓(9)相连,贮水仓(9)上连接四根分流管(10),分流管(10)连通环形灌水器(13)的内部曲面,环形灌水器(13)上下分别固定有空心活塞(12)和封闭活塞(15),即滑动活塞(6)、柱形流道(11)、贮水仓(9)、分流管(10)、环形灌水器(13)、空心活塞(12)、封闭活塞(15)为一个连接整体,由水压推动,活动于封闭支管(5)和开孔支管(8)中,以此达到改变灌水深度的目的,结合调节水压,改变出水孔(14)的出水压强,达到改变湿润体半径的目的;In the closed branch pipe (5), the sliding piston (6) is a hollow cylinder made of elastic and impermeable material, the outer edge of which is in close contact with the inner wall of the closed branch pipe (5), and the cylindrical flow channel inside the sliding piston (6) (11) is connected to the water storage silo (9) of the perforated branch pipe (8), the water storage silo (9) is connected with four shunt pipes (10), and the shunt pipes (10) are connected to the inner curved surface of the annular irrigator (13). , the annular irrigator (13) is fixed with a hollow piston (12) and a closed piston (15) up and down respectively, that is, a sliding piston (6), a cylindrical flow channel (11), a water storage bin (9), and a shunt pipe (10) , the annular irrigator (13), the hollow piston (12), and the closed piston (15) are connected as a whole, which is driven by water pressure and moves in the closed branch pipe (5) and the open branch pipe (8), so as to change the irrigation water. The purpose of depth, combined with adjusting the water pressure, changes the water outlet pressure of the water outlet hole (14) to achieve the purpose of changing the radius of the wetted body; 根据地下灌溉装置配合作物栽种的布置方式,所述环形灌水器(13)上设置的出水孔(14)能人为选择性开设,如果环形灌水器(13)上全面开设出水孔(14),所述引导根系生长的变深度地下灌溉装置布置于单列作物下;如果环形灌水器(13)上一半侧面开设出水孔(14),所述的引导根系生长的变深度地下灌溉装置布置于两列作物之间,所述干管(2)左右两端、封闭支管(5)、开孔支管(8)上下两端均做成拆卸形式,即能够与任意灌溉管道相连接,实现不同的灌溉方式,满足不同的灌溉需求;According to the arrangement of the underground irrigation device in coordination with crop planting, the water outlet holes (14) provided on the annular irrigation device (13) can be selectively opened. The variable depth underground irrigation device for guiding root growth is arranged under a single row of crops; if a water outlet (14) is provided on the upper half side of the annular irrigator (13), the variable depth underground irrigation device for guiding root growth is arranged in two rows of crops. In between, the left and right ends of the main pipe (2), the closed branch pipe (5), and the upper and lower ends of the perforated branch pipe (8) are all made in the form of disassembly, that is, they can be connected with any irrigation pipe to realize different irrigation methods. Meet different irrigation needs; 所述滑动活塞(6)的外直径大于开孔支管的开口(17),因此开孔支管的开口(17)所在平面为滑动活塞(6)滑动的下限,柱形流道(11)与贮水仓进水口(19)的连接面为圆形,直径与柱形流道(11)的直径一致,环形灌水器(13)的外直径与开孔支管(8)的内径一致,出水孔(14)紧贴开孔支管(8)内壁,与灌水孔(16)贴合,灌水孔(16)孔径小于出水孔(14)孔径,灌水孔(16)的开设密度大于出水孔(14),以达到保证出水畅通,防止环形灌水器(13)因土砾或根系缠绕而堵塞;The outer diameter of the sliding piston (6) is larger than the opening (17) of the perforated branch pipe, so the plane where the opening (17) of the perforated branch pipe is located is the lower limit of the sliding piston (6), and the cylindrical flow channel (11) is connected to the reservoir. The connection surface of the water inlet (19) of the water tank is circular, and the diameter is consistent with the diameter of the cylindrical flow channel (11). 14) Close to the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe (8), and fit with the irrigation hole (16), the diameter of the irrigation hole (16) is smaller than that of the water outlet (14), and the opening density of the irrigation hole (16) is greater than that of the water outlet (14), In order to ensure the smooth flow of water and prevent the annular irrigator (13) from being blocked due to soil gravel or root entanglement; 所述空心活塞(12)、环形灌水器(13)、封闭活塞(15)三者固定连接,均随柱形流道(11)共同运动,三者外直径一致,空心活塞(12)内径与环形灌水器(13)内径一致,三者紧贴于开孔支管(8)内壁,随加压装置(1)加压,推动滑动活塞(6)向下运动,带动柱形流道(11)、贮水仓(9)、分流管(10)、环形灌水器(13)沿开孔支管(8)内壁活动,环形灌水器(13)上的出水孔(14)随之到达的深度为地下灌溉装置唯一出水深度,此时与出水孔(14)相契合的灌水孔(16)为地下灌溉装置唯一出水口。The hollow piston (12), the annular irrigator (13), and the closed piston (15) are fixedly connected, and all move together with the cylindrical flow channel (11). The inner diameter of the annular irrigator (13) is the same, and the three are closely attached to the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe (8), pressurized by the pressurizing device (1), push the sliding piston (6) to move downward, and drive the cylindrical flow channel (11) , the water storage bin (9), the shunt pipe (10), and the annular irrigator (13) move along the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe (8). The only water outlet depth of the irrigation device, at this time, the irrigation hole (16) that matches the water outlet hole (14) is the only water outlet of the underground irrigation device. 2.根据权利要求1所述的引导根系生长的变深度地下灌溉装置,其特征在于:所述封闭支管(5)包括滑动活塞(6)、滑动空腔(7)、柱形流道(11);滑动活塞(6)紧贴封闭支管(5)内壁,且于滑动空腔(7)内滑动;所述开孔支管(8)包括贮水仓(9)、分流管(10)、空心活塞(12)、环形灌水器(13)以及封闭活塞(15);封闭支管(5)外壳为不透水封闭材料,开孔支管(8)外壳由初始位置的环形灌水器(13)分为上下两部分,上部封闭,下部开设灌水孔(16)。2. The variable-depth underground irrigation device for guiding root growth according to claim 1, wherein the closed branch pipe (5) comprises a sliding piston (6), a sliding cavity (7), a cylindrical flow channel (11) ); the sliding piston (6) is in close contact with the inner wall of the closed branch pipe (5), and slides in the sliding cavity (7); the opening branch pipe (8) includes a water storage tank (9), a shunt pipe (10), a The piston (12), the annular irrigator (13) and the closed piston (15); the casing of the closed branch pipe (5) is made of water-tight sealing material, and the casing of the open-hole branch pipe (8) is divided into upper and lower parts by the annular irrigator (13) in the initial position Two parts, the upper part is closed, and the lower part is opened with an irrigation hole (16). 3.根据权利要求1所述的引导根系生长的变深度地下灌溉装置,其特征在于:所述开孔支管(8)上设置开口(17),用于套装柱形流道(11),柱形流道(11)直径与开口(17)一致,两者活动连接,开孔支管(8)下半部开设灌水孔(16),底部圆面封闭,防止渗漏,分流管(10)一端连通于贮水仓(9),另一端连通于环形灌水器(13)内部的进水口(20),封闭支管(5)和开孔支管(8)的具体尺寸,均能根据作物种类的改变而改变。3. The variable-depth underground irrigation device for guiding root growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: an opening (17) is provided on the perforated branch pipe (8), which is used to set a cylindrical flow channel (11), a column The diameter of the shaped flow channel (11) is the same as that of the opening (17), and the two are movably connected. The lower half of the perforated branch pipe (8) is provided with an irrigation hole (16), and the bottom circular surface is closed to prevent leakage. One end of the shunt pipe (10) It is connected to the water storage bin (9), and the other end is connected to the water inlet (20) inside the annular irrigation device (13). and change. 4.利用权利要求1-3任意一项所述的引导根系生长的变深度地下灌溉装置进行灌溉的方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括如下:4. The method for irrigating using the variable depth underground irrigation device for guiding root growth according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the method comprises the following: Step1、根据不同作物根系的生长规律,在作物生长发育过程中,加压装置(1)加压,推动滑动活塞(6)向下运动至第一深度A,带动柱形流道(11)、贮水仓(9)、分流管(10)、环形灌水器(13)沿开孔支管(8)内壁活动,环形灌水器(13)上的出水孔(14)随之到达的深度为灌溉的唯一出水深度B,此时与出水孔(14)相契合的灌水孔(16)为灌溉的唯一出水口,此时出水深度B大于最长根系长度,即湿润体距离根系一定深度保持一定时间;期间根系周围干燥,由于根系生长具有向水向肥性,根系会向更深更广处,即湿润体方向生长;Step1. According to the growth law of different crop root systems, during the growth and development of crops, the pressurizing device (1) pressurizes, pushes the sliding piston (6) to move down to the first depth A, and drives the cylindrical flow channel (11), The water storage bin (9), the shunt pipe (10), and the annular irrigator (13) move along the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe (8). The only water outlet depth B, at this time, the irrigation hole (16) that matches the water outlet hole (14) is the only water outlet for irrigation, and the water outlet depth B is greater than the longest root system length at this time, that is, the wet body is kept at a certain depth from the root system for a certain period of time; During the period, the surrounding of the root system is dry. Since the root system has a water-oriented fertilizer, the root system will grow deeper and wider, that is, in the direction of the moist body; Step2、当根系生长,接触至湿润体后,加压装置(1)停止加压,滑动活塞(6)保持在第一深度A,柱形流道(11)、贮水仓(9)、分流管(10)、环形灌水器(13)也随之停留在相应位置,环形灌水器(13)上的出水孔(14)持续出水,出水深度在深度B不变,此时与出水孔(14)相契合的灌水孔(16)为地下灌溉装置唯一出水口,保持根系与湿润体接触一定时间;期间根系吸水,保证作物生长所必需的水分;Step2. When the root system grows and touches the wet body, the pressurizing device (1) stops pressurizing, the sliding piston (6) is kept at the first depth A, the cylindrical flow channel (11), the water storage tank (9), the diverter The pipe (10) and the annular irrigator (13) also stay at the corresponding positions, and the water outlet (14) on the annular irrigator (13) continues to emit water, and the water outlet depth remains unchanged at the depth B, which is the same as the outlet hole (14). ) The matching irrigation hole (16) is the only water outlet of the underground irrigation device, which keeps the root system in contact with the moist body for a certain period of time; during the period, the root system absorbs water to ensure the necessary water for crop growth; Step3、保持根系与湿润体接触一定时间后,加压装置(1)继续加压,推动滑动活塞(6)向下运动至深度C,带动柱形流道(11)、贮水仓(9)、分流管(10)、环形灌水器(13)沿开孔支管(8)内壁活动,环形灌水器(13)上的出水孔(14)随之到达的深度为地下灌溉装置的唯一出水深度D,此时与出水孔(14)相契合的灌水孔(16)为灌溉的唯一出水口,此时灌溉的唯一出水深度D大于此时的最长根系长度,即湿润体距离根系一定深度保持一定时间;期间根系周围干燥,由于根系生长具有向水向肥性,根系会向更深更广处,即湿润体方向生长。Step3. After keeping the root system in contact with the moist body for a certain period of time, the pressurizing device (1) continues to pressurize, pushes the sliding piston (6) to move down to the depth C, and drives the cylindrical flow channel (11) and the water storage tank (9) , the shunt pipe (10), and the annular irrigator (13) move along the inner wall of the perforated branch pipe (8). , at this time, the irrigation hole (16) that matches the outlet hole (14) is the only water outlet for irrigation. At this time, the only water outlet depth D for irrigation is greater than the longest root system length at this time, that is, the wetting body is kept at a certain depth from the root system. Time; during this period, the surrounding of the root system is dry, and because the root system is hydrotropic, the root system will grow deeper and wider, that is, in the direction of the moist body. 5.根据权利要求4所述的引导根系生长的变深度地下灌溉装置进行灌溉的方法,其特征在于:重复执行Step1- Step3,加压装置(1)压力逐渐增大,每次加压强度大于上次加压强度,以随根系生长推动灌水深度移动至更深位置,以此保证作物必需水分的同时,引导作物根系生长,促进根系发达,提高水分利用效率。5. The method for irrigating a variable-depth underground irrigation device for guiding root growth according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step1-Step3 are repeatedly performed, and the pressure of the pressurizing device (1) is gradually increased, and each pressurization intensity is greater than The last pressing intensity is used to push the irrigation depth to a deeper position with the growth of the root system, so as to ensure the necessary water for the crops, and at the same time guide the growth of the root system of the crops, promote the development of the root system, and improve the water use efficiency.
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