CN112042471B - Industrialized production method of panus giganteus - Google Patents
Industrialized production method of panus giganteus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112042471B CN112042471B CN202010997465.4A CN202010997465A CN112042471B CN 112042471 B CN112042471 B CN 112042471B CN 202010997465 A CN202010997465 A CN 202010997465A CN 112042471 B CN112042471 B CN 112042471B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- controlling
- temperature
- culture medium
- fungus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an edible fungus mother culture medium or stock culture medium, a basic culture medium for edible fungus liquid culture and an industrialized production method of panus giganteus, wherein the method comprises the following steps: mother seed preparation, fungus bag preparation, liquid seed preparation and inoculation, spawn running management, fruiting management, harvesting and the like. The industrialized production method of the clitocybe maxima overcomes the defects that manual operation is mainly performed in the conventional production of the clitocybe maxima, the land occupancy rate is high, and the operation is complicated, greatly saves labor force, improves the labor efficiency, improves the quality of the clitocybe maxima, and is suitable for industrialized production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to an industrialized production method of panus giganteus.
Background
China is a big country for producing edible fungi, more than 60 edible fungi can be artificially cultivated at present, and about 10 varieties can be cultivated in a large scale. In recent years, the Chinese edible fungus industry is vigorously developed, and according to statistical survey of 27 provinces, autonomous regions and direct-jurisdictional cities (including provinces such as Tibet, ningxia, qinghai, hainan, haoyandao province and the like) in China by the China edible fungus Association, the total yield of 3842.04 ten thousand tons (fresh products, the same below) of edible fungi in 2018 is increased by 3.5% compared with 3712 ten thousand tons in 2017, the yield value in 2018 is 2937.37 million yuan, and the yield value in 2018 is increased by 7.92% compared with 2721.92 yuan in 2017. The yield of 100 ten thousand tons is sequentially as follows: lentinus edodes (1043.12 million tons), auricularia auricular (674.03 million tons), pleurotus ostreatus (642.82 million tons), agaricus bisporus (307.49 million tons), flammulina velutipes (257.56 million tons), pleurotus eryngii (195.64 million tons), and Auricularia auricular (189.85 million tons). The total yield of the first 7 varieties accounts for 86.15 percent of the total yield of edible fungi in China all the year round, and the edible fungi are the conventional main varieties for the edible fungi production in China.
In the last decade, with the flourishing domestic economy and the rapid improvement of the income level of residents, the industrial production can be rapidly increased from 8 ten thousand tons to 257 ten thousand tons in 2006 to 2016, the scale is increased by more than 32 times of the original scale, and the annual composite growth rate is about 41.5 percent. The daily yield of edible fungi produced by national edible fungi factory-scale enterprises in 2017 can reach 73225 tons, wherein 3280 tons of flammulina velutipes per day, 2705 tons of pleurotus eryngii per day, 435 tons of agaricus bisporus per day, 318 tons of hypsizygus marmoreus and white beech mushrooms per day and 268 tons of hypsizygus marmoreus per day. In recent years, the daily productivity of these edible fungi has been greatly increased. The daily yield of the industrialized agaricus bisporus in 2017 reaches 435 tons, which is increased by 371 tons compared with 2010, and the annual compound speed increase is up to 31.6 percent.
Although the domestic edible fungus production is vigorous, the domestic edible fungus production has over centralized varieties, the yields of mushrooms, black fungus, oyster mushroom, agaricus bisporus, flammulina velutipes, pleurotus eryngii and auricularia polytricha ranked in the top seven account for 86.15% of the total yield of the domestic edible fungi all year round, the yields of mushrooms, black fungus and oyster mushroom ranked in the top three account for 61.42% of the total yield, and the industrial varieties mainly comprise flammulina velutipes, hypsizigus marmoreus, pleurotus eryngii, agaricus bisporus and the like; the production varieties are mainly medium-low temperature varieties, such as the fruiting temperature of flammulina velutipes requires about 4 ℃, the fruiting temperature of hypsizigus marmoreus, pleurotus eryngii, agaricus bisporus, shiitake mushrooms, agaric and the like mainly takes 15-20 ℃, and the varieties suitable for medium-high temperature fruiting are lacked.
Panus giganteus (berk.) inner belongs to Basidiomycota, basidiomycetes, polyporales, polyporaceae, and Dermatoloma (Panus), and the seed entity is single or regenerated in China, malaysia, srilan, indonesia, vietnam, laos, thailand, etc. countries. The pork tripe mushroom is domesticated successfully by Sanming fungus research institute in Fujian province in China at first, and is named as the pork tripe mushroom due to unique taste and flavor and greasy taste like pork tripe.
The clitocybe maxima has higher nutritional value and edible value, the protein content of the clitocybe maxima is higher than that of common wood-rotting fungi such as shiitake mushroom and oyster mushroom and lower than that of straw-rotting fungi such as straw mushroom and agaricus bisporus, the fruiting body of the clitocybe maxima contains abundant carbohydrate, major elements such as potassium and phosphorus, trace elements such as copper, manganese, iron and zinc, essential amino acids such as threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine and arginine and abundant polysaccharide, and the research shows that the clitocybe maxima contains active ingredients such as oxidation resistance, fungus resistance, liver protection, inflammation resistance, diabetes resistance and tumor resistance.
The wild clitocybe maxima is high in growing environment and suitable for being cultivated in areas with high temperature. With the continuous development of domestic edible fungus industry in recent years, the production scale of domestic edible fungi is larger and larger, and edible fungus products are more and more popular with consumers. The cultivation range of the clitocybe maxima as a medium-high temperature variety is gradually expanded from places such as Guangdong, fujian and the like to places such as Zhejiang, shandong, beijing and the like, and the clitocybe maxima as a substitute mushroom variety in high-temperature seasons in summer is gradually attracted by edible mushroom producers.
Although artificial cultivation of clitocybe maxima is realized in China in many places, manual workshop type production is still the main point, and therefore, an industrial clitocybe maxima production process needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention firstly provides an edible fungus mother strain or stock strain culture medium, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
20-25% of potatoes; 2-3% of fructose; 3-5% of bran;0-2% of peptone; 0-2% of beef extract; potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.2%; magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.5%, VB 1 0.1-0.3％；
It is characterized in that the green bean sprout extract also comprises green bean sprout leachate;
wherein the weight percentage content of the mung bean sprout leachate is 15-25%;
the preferable weight percentage content of the mung bean sprout leachate is 20 percent;
the further preferable edible fungus mother strain or stock strain culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
22.5 percent of potato, 2.5 percent of fructose, 4.0 percent of bran, 1 percent of peptone, 1 percent of beef extract, 0.15 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.35 percent of magnesium sulfate, VB 1 0.2 percent of mung bean sprout leaching solution, and the balance of water;
the mung bean sprout leachate is prepared by the following method:
boiling semen Phaseoli Radiati Germinatus in water at 100 deg.C for 10-15min (weight ratio of semen Phaseoli Radiati Germinatus to water is 2:5), filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain the required semen Phaseoli Radiati Germinatus leachate.
The invention also provides a basic culture medium for liquid culture of edible fungi, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
2-8% of oak sawdust powder; 2-3% of fructose; 3-5% of bran; 0-2% of peptone; 0-2% of beef extract; potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.2%; magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.5%, VB 1 0.1-0.3％；
It is characterized in that the green bean sprout extract also comprises green bean sprout leachate;
wherein the weight percentage content of the mung bean sprout leachate is 15-25%;
the preferable weight percentage content of the mung bean sprout leachate is 20 percent;
the further preferable basic culture medium for liquid culture of the edible fungi comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
oak dust 5.0%, bran 4.0%, fructose 2.5%, peptone 1.0%, beef extract 1.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15%, magnesium sulfate 0.35%, VB 1 0.2 percent of mung bean sprout extract and 20 percent of mung bean sprout extractThe balance being water;
the mung bean sprout leachate is prepared by the following method:
boiling semen Phaseoli Radiati Germinatus in water at 100 deg.C for 10-15min (weight ratio of semen Phaseoli Radiati Germinatus to water is 2:5), filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain the required semen Phaseoli Radiati Germinatus leachate.
The invention also provides an industrialized production method of the clitocybe maxima, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a mother seed: the formula of the special mother culture medium for the morchella esculenta comprises the following components: 22.5 percent of potato, 2.5 percent of fructose, 4.0 percent of bran, 1.0 percent of peptone, 1.0 percent of beef extract, 0.15 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.35 percent of magnesium sulfate and VB 1 0.2 percent of mung bean sprout leaching solution, and the balance of water;
(2) And (3) producing fungus bags: the production formula is as follows: 20% of oak sawdust, 20% of cotton seed hulls, 20% of corncobs, 20% of bagasse, 19% of bran and 1% of calcium carbonate. The water content is 65 percent, and the pH is natural; punching the middle of each bag with the filling amount of about 1Kg, covering the fungus bag, and sterilizing;
(3) Liquid seed preparation and inoculation:
(1) wherein the first-stage shake flask seed culture medium is prepared and cultured according to the following formula: 200g of potato, 20g of fructose and VB 1 2g, 1000mL of water, and natural pH value;
(2) wherein the second-stage shake flask seed culture medium is prepared and cultured according to the following formula:
the formula of the culture medium is as follows: 225g of potato, 25g of fructose, 40g of bran, 10g of peptone, 10g of beef extract, 1.25g of monopotassium phosphate, 3.5g of magnesium sulfate and VB 1 2g, 200mL of mung bean sprout leachate, using distilled water to fix the volume to 1000mL, and naturally adjusting the pH value;
shaking the cultured first-stage shake flask seeds uniformly, transferring the seeds into a triangular flask with the capacity of 250mL and the capacity of 100mL of the culture medium by using a liquid separator, wherein the inoculation amount of each flask is 10mL, and then placing the flask on a shaking table with the speed of 160r/min for shaking culture at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 4d;
(3) wherein the liquid strain is subjected to basic culture according to the following formula, and the formula of the liquid strain basic culture medium is as follows: oak dust 5.0%, bran4.0 percent, fructose 2.5 percent, peptone 1.0 percent, beef extract 1.0 percent, monopotassium phosphate 0.15 percent, magnesium sulfate 0.35 percent and VB 1 0.2 percent of mung bean sprout leaching solution, and the balance of water;
after the liquid is prepared, inoculating fungus bags by using a GXJZ-Y type inoculating machine of a Xin edible fungus complete equipment company Limited in the Hongkong, and the inoculation amount of each bag is 10-15mL;
(4) Spawn running of the spawn package: the fungus bag adopts a high frame three-dimensional segmented culture mode: first 7d culturing room temperature at 22-23 deg.C, fungus bag temperature at 24-26 deg.C, humidity 60-70% RH, culturing in dark, CO 2 The concentration is less than 3000ppm; the temperature in the late culture room is controlled to be 20-21 ℃, the temperature in the fungus bag is controlled to be 22-23 ℃, the humidity is 70-80 percent RH, culturing in dark, CO 2 The concentration is less than 2000ppm, and the culture is continued for 30d after the hypha is full, so that the hypha is completely mature;
(5) And (3) fruiting management: standing the edge of the fungus bag after the fungus bag is mature, covering turfy soil in the fungus bag, controlling the soil covering humidity to be 55-65%, the soil covering thickness to be 3-4cm, controlling the environmental temperature of a mushroom house to be 23 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be about 85% after soil covering, controlling the illumination intensity to be 200-300Lux 2 The concentration is controlled below 3000ppm; adjusting the ambient temperature of the mushroom house to 28 ℃ after three days, controlling the relative humidity to be more than 90 percent and the illumination intensity to be 200-300Lux 2 Controlling the concentration to be below 2000ppm and maintaining for 24 hours; after 24h, the temperature of the mushroom house is reduced to 18 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be about 80 percent, the illumination intensity is 500Lux 2 Controlling the concentration below 1500ppm, maintaining for 24 hr, stimulating by high temperature and temperature difference to allow the primordium of Gaster Sus Domestica to break skin from the surface of the covering soil layer and grow into small bud, controlling the environmental temperature to be above 23-25 deg.C, and not lower than 23 deg.C, controlling relative humidity at about 85%, and controlling illumination intensity at 500Lux 2 The concentration is controlled below 2000 ppm; generally, the fruiting bodies can be harvested after the fruiting bodies are mature for 7-8 minutes after covering soil for about 12 days;
removing residual mushroom stem after harvesting fruiting body, adjusting temperature to 23 deg.C, controlling relative humidity at about 70%, and keeping away from light and CO 2 Controlling the concentration below 3000ppm to recover hypha for 7d; after 7d, again heatingStimulating fruiting, and harvesting the second tide of mushrooms.
The technical key points and the technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the mung bean sprout leachate is added into the seed culture medium and the liquid strain basic culture medium of the morchella esculenta, so that the morchella esculenta has faster mycelium setting value, strong and thick mycelium growth and stronger activity, and the culture time can be shortened by about 2 days.
2. The industrialized production of the clitocybe maxima is realized for the first time, the annual circulating production can be realized, the yield of the clitocybe maxima is increased, the content of heavy metal is effectively reduced, and the content of effective components is improved.
In a word, the industrial cultivation method of the clitocybe maxima breaks through the mode that manual operation in the existing production of the clitocybe maxima is used as a main mode, the land occupancy rate is high, the operation is complicated, labor force is greatly saved, the labor efficiency is improved, the content of heavy metal mercury, cadmium and chromium in the produced clitocybe maxima can be effectively reduced, the content of crude protein, total sugar and crude fiber in sporocarp is improved, the quality of the clitocybe maxima is improved, and the industrial cultivation method is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1, two forms of bag (A: conventional semi-automatic bag-filling, B: automatic bag-filling machine of embodiment 3)
FIG. 2, two modes of strain morphology (A: conventional solid strain, B: liquid strain of example 3)
FIG. 3, two modes of culture in bags (A: conventional shelf culture, B: three-dimensional high-frame culture according to example 3)
FIG. 4 shows two modes of fruiting field (A: traditional buried soil-covered cultivation, B: industrial environmental control layer rack stereoscopic cultivation of example 3)
FIG. 5 shows two patterns of fruiting photos (A: fruiting in traditional buried soil covering mode, long period, large influence of soil quality, irregular fruiting and seasonal production; B: industrialized production, controllable environment, annual stereo production, influenced by soil environment and controllable quality)
FIG. 6 shows the development process of fruiting body in industrialized production of Gaster Sus Domestica
FIG. 7 shows the harvesting criteria of the fruiting body in the industrialized production of Gaster Sus Domestica
Detailed Description
The main raw material sources are as follows:
and (3) culturing the clitocybe maxima strains: shen mushroom No. 1 (Shanghai city academy of agricultural sciences edible fungus institute)
Mung bean sprouts, potatoes and bran are common commercial products;
fructose, peptone, beef extract, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, VB 1 : purchased from chemical reagents of national drug group, ltd;
oak dust and bran: purchased from Shanghai national Sen Biotech, inc.;
EXAMPLE 1 stock culture Medium preparation
225g of potato, 25g of fructose, 40g of bran, 10g of peptone, 10g of beef extract, 1.25g of monopotassium phosphate, 3.5g of magnesium sulfate and VB 1 2g, 200mL of mung bean sprout leachate, using distilled water to fix the volume to 1000mL, and naturally adjusting the pH value;
the mung bean sprout leachate is commercially available mung bean sprout, 200g of mung bean sprout is put into 500mL of distilled water, boiled at 100 ℃ for 10min, filtered by 4 layers of gauze, and the filtrate is collected for standby application, and is boiled at present to prevent deterioration.
EXAMPLE 2 liquid Strain basal Medium preparation
The basic culture medium formula comprises: 5Kg of oak chip powder, 4Kg of bran, 2.5Kg of fructose, 1Kg of peptone, 1Kg of beef extract, 150g of monopotassium phosphate, 350g of magnesium sulfate, VB 1 200g of mung bean sprout leachate, 20L of mung bean sprout leachate, constant volume of 100L of distilled water, and natural pH; the formulation of the mungbean sprout leachate was as described in example 1.
Example 3 Industrial cultivation of Gaster Sus Domestica
And (3) culturing the clitocybe maxima strains: shiitake mushroom No. 1, institute of domestic fungus, academy of agricultural sciences, shanghai city;
(1) Preparing a mother seed: the mother culture medium formula special for the morchella esculenta in example 1 was used
(2) And (3) producing fungus bags: the production formula is as follows: 20% of oak sawdust, 20% of cotton seed hulls, 20% of corncobs, 20% of bagasse, 19% of bran and 1% of calcium carbonate. The water content is 65 percent, and the pH is natural. Adopting a fungus bag with the size of 17cm x 33cm, automatically making bags with Shandongtongtai automatic bag making machine, wherein the amount of each bag is about 1Kg, punching the middle, and covering the fungus bag with a cover. Sterilizing in an autoclave at 121 ℃ for 2h, and cooling in a cooling chamber to room temperature;
wherein the sterilization operation comprises the following main steps: (1) introducing steam into the sterilizer chamber, wherein the temperature in the pan body reaches 98 deg.C, and it takes about 30min; (2) pumping the air in the sterilizer chamber by a vacuum pump to reach a specified vacuum degree; (3) repeating the processes of (1) and (2) for a set number of times; (4) introducing steam into the sterilizer chamber, heating the sterilized object to raise the temperature from 102 deg.C to 121 deg.C, and maintaining at 121 deg.C for 120min to achieve the purpose of sterilization; (5) the aeration was stopped, the temperature was lowered from 117 ℃ to 106 ℃ for 1 hour, and the steam was vented from the sterilization chamber: (6) vacuumizing by a vacuum pump, reducing the temperature from 106 ℃ to 103 ℃, refluxing air, and drying the sterilized culture bottles for 15min; (7) the process of (6) is repeated, and the temperature is reduced from 103 ℃ to 98 ℃.
(3) Liquid seed preparation and inoculation:
the preparation process of the liquid seed comprises the following steps:
selecting soybean-sized hypha blocks from a mother seed test tube, inoculating the hypha blocks in the middle of a prepared PDA inclined plane, culturing at a constant temperature of 23 ℃ in the dark for 14 days, checking the existence of foreign bacteria pollution through microbiology, taking out the cultured hypha blocks, homogenizing with a proper amount of sterile water by a homogenizer, inoculating the sterilized culture solution according to a ratio of 15% (V/V), fermenting and culturing to produce primary liquid seeds, homogenizing the primary liquid seeds, amplifying to produce secondary liquid seeds, homogenizing the secondary liquid seeds, and producing culture liquid seeds. Wherein the primary and secondary liquid seeds are produced by a triangular flask method.
(1) First-stage shake flask seed culture medium preparation and culture
The formula of the culture medium is as follows: 200g of potato, 20g of fructose and VB 1 2g, 1000mL of water and natural pH value.
Cutting the activated slant mother seeds into 1cm 2 Inoculating the mycelia in 250mL triangular flask containing 100mL of the above culture medium (6-8 mycelia per bottle), and culturing on 160r/min shaking table at 25 deg.C for 7d with constant temperature shaking, wherein the mycelia grow vigorously to form a larger volume than the myceliaA mycelium pellet.
(2) Preparation and culture of secondary shake flask seed culture medium
The formula of the culture medium is as follows: (culture medium of example 1) Potato 225g, fructose 25g, bran 40g, peptone 10g, beef extract 10g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.25g, magnesium sulfate 3.5g, VB 1 2g, 200mL of mung bean sprout leachate, using distilled water to fix the volume to 1000mL, and naturally adjusting the pH value;
shaking the cultured first-stage shake flask seeds uniformly, transferring into a triangular flask with a capacity of 250mL and 100mL of the culture medium by using a liquid separator, wherein the inoculation amount of each flask is 10mL, and then placing on a shaking table with the speed of 160r/min for shaking culture at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 4 days.
(3) Liquid strain culture medium preparation and culture
Basal medium formulation (medium of example 2): 5Kg of oak chip powder, 4Kg of bran, 2.5Kg of fructose, 1Kg of peptone, 1Kg of beef extract, 150g of monopotassium phosphate, 350g of magnesium sulfate, VB 1 200g of mung bean sprout leachate, 20L of mung bean sprout leachate, constant volume of 100L of distilled water, and natural pH;
the preparation method comprises decocting semen Phaseoli Radiati Germinatus, placing testa Tritici and oak sawdust powder in the decoction, boiling and extracting for 10min, filtering with 8 layers of gauze, and collecting the extractive solution. And then adding the weighed other substances into the mixture respectively according to the experimental design. Inoculating according to the inoculation amount of 10%, controlling the culture temperature of liquid seeds at 24-25 deg.C for about 10 days, introducing purified air at the amount of 1: 0.5V/V.min for the first 3 days, and maintaining the pressure at 5-7 × 10 4 Pa, the ventilation was doubled at 7 d. After the culture is finished, the culture solution is clear and transparent, and a large amount of tiny uniform mycelium pellets are suspended in the culture solution without peculiar smell.
After the liquid is prepared, a GXJZ-Y type inoculation machine of a Xin edible fungus complete equipment company Limited in the Hongkong province is used for inoculation, and the inoculation amount of each bag is 10-15mL.
(4) Spawn running of a spawn package: the fungus bag adopts a high frame three-dimensional segmented culture mode: first 7d culturing room temperature at 22-23 deg.C, fungus bag temperature at 24-26 deg.C, humidity 60-70% RH, culturing in dark, CO 2 The concentration is less than 3000ppm; the temperature in the late culture room is controlled to be 20-21 ℃, the temperature in the fungus bag is controlled to be 22-23 ℃, and the humidity is 70-80%RH, dark culture, CO 2 The concentration is less than 2000ppm, and the culture is continued for 30 days after the hyphae are full, so that the hyphae are completely mature;
(5) And (3) fruiting management: standing the edge of the fungus bag after the fungus bag is mature, covering the fungus bag with turfy soil, controlling the soil covering humidity to be 55-65%, the soil covering thickness to be 3-4cm, controlling the ambient temperature of the mushroom house after soil covering to be 23 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be about 85%, controlling the illumination intensity to be 200-300Lux 2 The concentration is controlled below 3000ppm; adjusting the ambient temperature of the mushroom house to 28 ℃ after three days, controlling the relative humidity to be more than 90 percent, controlling the illumination intensity to be 200-300Lux 2 Controlling the concentration to be below 2000ppm and maintaining for 24 hours; after 24h, the temperature of the mushroom house is reduced to 18 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be about 80 percent, the illumination intensity is 500Lux 2 Controlling the concentration below 1500ppm, maintaining for 24 hr, stimulating by high temperature and temperature difference to allow the primordium of Gaster Sus Domestica to break skin from the surface of the covering soil layer and grow into small bud, controlling the environmental temperature to be above 23-25 deg.C, and not lower than 23 deg.C, controlling relative humidity at about 85%, and controlling illumination intensity at 500Lux 2 The concentration is controlled below 2000 ppm; generally, the fruiting bodies can be harvested after 12 days after the soil is covered and 7-8 minutes of maturity; removing residual mushroom stem after harvesting fruiting body, adjusting temperature to 23 deg.C, controlling relative humidity at about 70%, keeping out of the sun, and keeping out of the sun with CO 2 Controlling the concentration below 3000ppm to recover hypha for 7d; and 7d, stimulating the fruiting at high temperature again, and harvesting the second tide of mushrooms.
Comparative example: traditional manual production mode of clitocybe maxima (Wang Qingwu, li Xiumei, an Xiurong, lanyufei, clitocybe maxima bag cultivation high-yield technology, shandong agricultural science, 2013, 45 (1): 130-132.)
And (3) strains of the clitocybe maxima: shiitake mushroom No. 1, institute of domestic fungus, academy of agricultural sciences, shanghai city;
the production of the mushroom bag for producing the pork tripe mushroom adopts manual bagging, the sterilization adopts normal pressure sterilization, and the temperature of the normal pressure sterilization is maintained at 100 ℃ for more than 24 hours.
The strain uses solid strain, and is generally divided into three-stage seed production processes: mother seeds, stock seeds and cultivated seeds, wherein the production period of the mother seeds is 10d, the production period of the stock seeds is 30d, and the production period of the cultivated seeds is 30d;
the mother seeds adopt the traditional PDA formula, and the original seed and cultivated species formula is as follows: 39% of each of the miscellaneous wood chips and the cotton seed hulls, 20% of the wheat bran and 1% of each of the sugar and the calcium carbonate (the weight percentage contents).
After hyphae grow over, the hyphae are manually inoculated into a cultivation bag, the inoculation amount is about 3 percent (volume ratio), the hyphae are placed into a cultivation room for spawn running cultivation after inoculation, the hyphae are cultivated in a dark place in the spawn running period, the temperature is kept between 25 and 30 percent, the air humidity is below 70 percent, ventilation is carried out for 2 times every day, about 2 hours every time, the indoor air is kept fresh, and the mixed fungus infection is prevented. The mycelia are grown over 30-40 days, and then continuously culturing for 30-60 days, and after the environmental temperature is kept above 23 ℃ and is proper, carrying out bag-removing, buried and earth-covering cultivation in a greenhouse.
Example 4
The morchella esculenta produced according to the method of example 3 and the method of comparative example was compared as follows:
1. the comparison of the basic production efficiency under the two cultivation processes is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of basic production efficiencies for the two modes
As can be seen from table 1, when the method of example 3 of the present invention is used to cultivate panus giganteus, the production period is only 120d, annual production can be realized, the pollution rate is low, the quality is guaranteed, the environmental impact is less, and the bagging and inoculation are both mechanized, so the production efficiency is greatly improved.
2. The method for detecting the content of heavy metals in the clitocybe maxima fruiting bodies produced in two cultivation modes comprises the following steps: GB 5009.11-2014 determination of total arsenic and inorganic arsenic in national standard food for food safety
Determination of lead in GB 5009.12-2017 food safety national standard food
Determination of cadmium in GB 5009.15-2014 food safety national standard food
GB 5009.17-2014 determination of total mercury and organic mercury in national standard food for food safety
Determination of chromium in GB 5009.123-2014 food safety national standard food
Specific detection comparison results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 comparison of heavy metal content in two patterns of fruiting bodies
| Comparative example | Example 3 | National standard limit value (fresh meter) | |
| Lead (mg/kg) | Not detected (<0.02) | Not detected (<0.02) | 1.0 |
| Arsenic (mg/kg) | 0.048±0.005a | 0.052±0.012a | 0.5 |
| Mercury (mg/kg) | 0.016±0.001a | 0.011±0.002b | 0.1 |
| Cadmium (mg/kg) | 0.212±0.001a | 0.1905±0.0035b | 0.2 |
| Chromium (mg/kg) | 0.175±0.015a | 0.045±0.013b | 0.5 |
Note: a indicates that the difference is not statistically significant; b indicates that the difference is statistically significant. The limit value of edible fungi in GB2762-2017 pollutant limit in national food Standard for food safety is measured on fresh products, and is specified in the standard: in the case of a limit indicator that has a requirement for a product, wherein the limit of contaminants in the dry product is converted from the limit of contaminants in the corresponding fresh food product in combination with its dehydration rate or concentration rate. The dehydration rate or concentration rate can be determined by analysis of the food product, information provided by the producer, and other available data information, etc. Unless otherwise specified.
As can be seen from Table 2, the fruiting body obtained by the cultivation method of example 3 of the present invention has significantly lower contents of mercury, cadmium and chromium than those of the comparative examples, especially much lower contents of chromium than those of the comparative examples. No lead was detected in the fruiting bodies obtained in both modes, and the arsenic content was slightly higher in example 3 than in the comparative example, but not statistically significant, i.e. there was no substantial difference.
3. The sporocarp obtained in the two cultivation modes is subjected to nutrient component detection, and specific data are shown in table 3. The detection methods of several nutrient components are respectively as follows:
determination of protein in crude protein GB 5009.5-2016 food safety national standard food
Determination of fat in crude fat GB 5009.6-2016 food safety national standard food
Determination of crude fiber in crude fiber GB/T5009.10-2003 plant food
Spectrophotometric method for measuring total sugar content in red ginseng with total sugar NY/T2332-2013
Determination of content of crude polysaccharide in total polysaccharide NY/T1676-2008 edible fungi
TABLE 3 comparison of nutrient contents of fruiting bodies in two cultivation modes
| Comparative example | Example 3 | |
| Crude protein content (g/kg) | 311.81±2.63a | 391.66±1.95b |
| Total polysaccharide content (mg/g) | 22.61±0.076a | 21.90±0.483a |
| Total sugar (mg/g) | 421.99±2.5831a | 474.86±4.3427b |
| Crude fat (%) | 4.68±0.1732a | 9.36±0.1722b |
| Crude fiber (%) | 14.05±0.9683a | 12.6±0.6615b |
Note: a indicates that the difference is not statistically significant; b indicates that the difference is statistically significant.
As can be seen from Table 3, the fruiting bodies of example 3 have significantly higher contents of crude protein, total sugar and crude fat than the comparative examples, and significantly lower contents of crude fiber than the comparative examples, except that there is no statistical difference in total polysaccharides.
Claims (1)
1. An industrial production method of morchella mushroom No. 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a mother seed: the formula of the special mother culture medium for the morchella esculenta comprises the following components: 22.5 percent of potato, 2.5 percent of fructose, 4.0 percent of bran, 1 percent of peptone, 1 percent of beef extract, 0.15 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.35 percent of magnesium sulfate and VB 1 0.2 percent of mung bean sprout leaching solution, and the balance of water;
(2) And (3) producing fungus bags: the production formula is as follows: 20% of oak sawdust, 20% of cottonseed hull, 20% of corncob, 20% of bagasse, 19% of bran and 1% of calcium carbonate; the water content is 65 percent, and the pH is natural; the amount of each package of materials is about 1Kg, the middle of the package is perforated, and the package is covered with a fungus bag and sterilized;
(3) Liquid seed preparation and inoculation:
(1) wherein the first-stage shake flask seed culture medium is prepared and cultured according to the following formula: potato 200g, fructose 20g, VB 1 2g, 1000mL of water, natural pH value;
(2) wherein the second-stage shake flask seed culture medium is prepared and cultured according to the following formula:
the formula of the culture medium is as follows: potato 225g, fructose 25g, bran 40g, peptone 10g, beef extract 10g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.25g, magnesium sulfate 3.5g, VB 1 2g, 200mL of the mung bean sprout leaching solution, using distilled water to fix the volume to 1000mL, and keeping the pH natural;
uniformly shaking the cultured first-stage shake flask seeds, transferring the seeds into a triangular flask with the capacity of 250mL of 100mL and the culture medium by a liquid distributor, wherein the inoculation amount of each flask is 10mL, and then placing the flask on a shaking table with the speed of 160r/min to culture 4d at the constant temperature of 25 ℃;
(3) wherein the liquid strain is prepared by a basic culture medium according to the following formula: oak dust 5.0%, bran 4.0%, fructose 2.5%, peptone 1.0%, beef extract 1.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15%, magnesium sulfate 0.35%, VB 1 0.2 percent of mung bean sprout leaching solution, and the balance of water;
after the liquid is prepared, inoculating fungus bags by using a GXJZ-Y type inoculating machine of a Xin edible fungus complete equipment company Limited in the Hongkong, and the inoculation amount of each bag is 10-15mL;
(4) Spawn running of the spawn package: the fungus bag adopts a high frame three-dimensional segmented culture mode: the temperature in the first 7d culture room is controlled at 22-23 ℃, the temperature in the fungus bag is controlled at 24-26 ℃, the humidity is 60-70% RH, culturing is carried out in the dark, and CO 2 The concentration is less than 3000ppm; controlling the temperature in a late culture room to be 20-21 ℃, controlling the temperature in a fungus bag to be 22-23 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 70-80% RH, culturing in the dark, and culturing in the presence of CO 2 The concentration is less than 2000ppm, and the culture is continued for 30d until the hypha is full, so that the hypha is completely mature;
(5) And (3) fruiting management: standing the edge of the fungus bag after the fungus bag is mature, covering the fungus bag with turfy soil, controlling the soil covering humidity to be 55-65%, the soil covering thickness to be 3-4cm, controlling the ambient temperature of the mushroom house after soil covering to be 23 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be about 85%, the illumination intensity to be 200-300Lux 2 The concentration is controlled below 3000ppm; adjusting the ambient temperature of the mushroom house to 28 ℃ after three days, controlling the relative humidity to be more than 90 percent and the illumination intensity to be 200-300Lux 2 Controlling the concentration to be below 2000ppm and maintaining 24h;24 After h, the temperature of the mushroom house is reduced to 18 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be about 80 percent, the illumination intensity is 500Lux 2 Controlling the concentration below 1500ppm, maintaining 24h, stimulating by high temperature and temperature difference, allowing the primordium of Gaster Sus Domestica to come out from the surface of the covering soil layer, gradually growing into small bud, controlling the environmental temperature to above 23 deg.C-25 deg.C, not lower than 23 deg.C, controlling relative humidity at about 85%, and controlling illumination intensity at 500Lux and CO content at about 85% 2 The concentration is controlled below 2000 ppm; generally covering with soil, and waiting for seed to be filled for about 12dHarvesting when the body is mature for 7-8 minutes;
removing residual mushroom stem after harvesting fruiting body, adjusting temperature to 23 deg.C, controlling relative humidity at about 70%, keeping out of the sun, and keeping out of the sun with CO 2 Controlling the concentration below 3000ppm to recover 7d; stimulating the fruiting again at high temperature after 7d, and harvesting a second tide of mushrooms;
the mung bean sprout leachate is prepared by the following method:
putting the mung bean sprouts into water, wherein the weight ratio of the mung bean sprouts to the water is 2: boiling at 5,100 deg.C for 10-15min, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain the desired mung bean sprout leachate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010997465.4A CN112042471B (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Industrialized production method of panus giganteus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010997465.4A CN112042471B (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Industrialized production method of panus giganteus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112042471A CN112042471A (en) | 2020-12-08 |
| CN112042471B true CN112042471B (en) | 2023-02-03 |
Family
ID=73602927
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010997465.4A Active CN112042471B (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Industrialized production method of panus giganteus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112042471B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113439613A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-28 | 江西赣州兴万家现代农业发展有限公司 | Gaster Sus Domestica culture medium material and method for planting Gaster Sus Domestica |
| CN117958081A (en) * | 2024-04-01 | 2024-05-03 | 中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院 | Cultivation medium and cultivation method of Pleurotus cornucopiae |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101720626B (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-07-20 | 天津市林业果树研究所 | Culture medium formula of edible fungus second class fungus (protospecies) and making method |
| CN102391964B (en) * | 2011-11-12 | 2013-03-13 | 江苏天象生物科技有限公司 | Bacillus medium |
| US20150305249A1 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2015-10-29 | Functional Fungi, Llc. | Nutritionally and botanically enhanced mycelial mass |
| CN106995327A (en) * | 2016-01-23 | 2017-08-01 | 程东海 | The formula and preparation method of a kind of edible mushroom main pipe culture medium |
| CN108834753A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-20 | 广西仁泰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of culture material of clitocybe maxima and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-09-21 CN CN202010997465.4A patent/CN112042471B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112042471A (en) | 2020-12-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR101464165B1 (en) | Culture medium composition for mushroom's species cultivation using food waste compost | |
| CN106190862B (en) | Mushroom dreg fermentation substrate, morchella strain culture substrate and preparation method thereof | |
| CN100469867C (en) | Static culture technology of cordycep liquid | |
| CN109479616B (en) | Seed production and cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake | |
| CN112042471B (en) | Industrialized production method of panus giganteus | |
| CN102754563B (en) | Production method of coralline hericium | |
| CN104798602A (en) | Industrialized production method of pleurotus eryngii | |
| CN115191515A (en) | Preparation method of functional straw fermented feed | |
| CN112021073A (en) | Morchella esculenta external aid nutrition bag ingredient, nutrition bag and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109906877B (en) | Lentinula edodes new strain and domestication cultivation method and application thereof | |
| CN105284423A (en) | Method for cultivating black fungus with crop straw | |
| CN108096478B (en) | Production method of oat phellinus igniarius millet fungus powder rich in phellinus igniarius flavone | |
| CN113455286A (en) | Application of high-substrate-concentration fermented corn steep liquor product in cultivation and production of edible fungi | |
| CN111512891A (en) | Wood rot fungus liquid culture medium and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108207492B (en) | Wood-rot type edible fungus liquid strain culture medium, preparation method and application | |
| CN107750819B (en) | Efficient method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by oak leaves | |
| CN103004465A (en) | Coprinus comatus strain and preparation method | |
| CN109810908B (en) | New strain of Clostridia ramalina, cultivation method based on mushroom bran matrix and application of new strain | |
| CN108207493B (en) | Straw rotting type edible fungus liquid strain culture medium, preparation method and application | |
| CN102172175A (en) | Method for preparing nutrient fungus powder of Agrocybe aegerita by using camellia branch powder liquid | |
| KR100368694B1 (en) | Laver Containing Mycellium of Mushroom and Preparing Method thereof | |
| CN109673381B (en) | Broad-spectrum edible fungus culture medium and culture method | |
| Imtiaj et al. | Performance of vegetative growth and artificial fruit body formation of Hypsizygus marmoreus in Bangladesh | |
| CN111972210A (en) | Ganoderma lucidum cultivation method for efficiently converting resveratrol in grape vines | |
| CN111713334A (en) | Ecological edible fungus cultivation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |