CN107750819B - Efficient method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by oak leaves - Google Patents
Efficient method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by oak leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an efficient method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by oak leaves, belonging to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation. The ganoderma lucidum cultivation material comprises 7-9 parts of oak leaves, 1.4-2.0 parts of bran, 0.8-1.2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.8-1.2 parts of lime powder and 0.8-1.2 parts of gypsum powder, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps: preparing the cultivation material, inoculating, cultivating, growing the ganoderma and harvesting. The ganoderma lucidum cultivation material is common forest waste resources in northeast, so that the production cost of ganoderma lucidum is greatly reduced, the excessive use of forest resources by cut log cultivation is avoided, the conversion rate of dry substances of the ganoderma lucidum cultivated by the method is high, and the polysaccharide content and the triterpene content are higher than those of wild ganoderma tsugae in Changbai mountain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a ganoderma lucidum cultivation method for preparing a ganoderma lucidum culture material by using oak leaves.
Background
Ganoderma Lucidum (scientific name: Ganoderma Lucidum Karst), also known as Ganoderma Lucidum, is a fungus of the genus Ganoderma of the family Polyporaceae, with annual fruiting body, suberin, stipe, pileus kidney-shaped, semicircular or nearly circular. Has effects in strengthening body resistance, consolidating constitution, protecting liver, removing toxic substances, resisting tumor, treating hypertension and diabetes, improving cardiovascular system, and enhancing immunity.
The wild ganoderma lucidum has less quantity and slower growth, and can not meet the market demand. The artificial cultivation of the ganoderma lucidum is realized at present, most of compost used by the artificial cultivation is broad-leaved tree segment wood, broad-leaved tree miscellaneous wood chips and the like, but the cultivation mode consumes forest resources, so that the fungus-forest contradiction is increasingly prominent, the cultivation cost is higher and higher, and therefore finding a proper cultivation raw material is an urgent problem to be solved in the ganoderma lucidum cultivation process.
The oak belongs to genus Quercus of Fagaceae family and is deciduous tree. China has abundant oak forest resources, is mainly distributed in the northeast, the north China and the northwest of China, and is also distributed in small quantities in the central China. According to the investigation in 1984, the resources of China oak slope are about six thousand to ten thousand mu, and 100 ten thousand tons of oak leaves can be generated each year, wherein only a small amount of the oak leaves are used for raising tussahs, and most of the oak leaves still belong to the unused forest waste resources. According to the determination, the oak leaves contain 8.86 percent of crude protein, 0.42 percent of crude fat, 60.64 percent of crude cellulose and 5.43 percent of crude polysaccharide, and have higher nutritional value; wherein the total carbon content is 45.53%, and the total nitrogen content is 0.95%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an efficient method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by using oak leaves, which is a lucid ganoderma cultivation material prepared by using the oak leaves as a main raw material and aims to solve the problems of insufficient raw materials and forest resource consumption in the lucid ganoderma cultivation process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method comprises the following steps:
the ganoderma lucidum cultivation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 7 to 9 parts of oak leaves, 1.4 to 2.0 parts of bran, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of lime powder and 0.8 to 1.2 parts of gypsum powder,
the oak leaves: after the oak leaves fall in autumn, collecting the dry fallen leaves, and crushing the dry fallen leaves into flaky particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm;
and (II) a preparation method of the cultivation material and a cultivation method of the lucid ganoderma comprise the following steps:
(1) and preparing a bag material: proportioning dry materials according to the formula in the step (I), adding water, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to ensure that the moisture content of the wet materials is 60 percent, and the pH value is 4-7;
(2) and charging: mixing the culture materials, bagging, namely, adopting polypropylene cultivation bags with the specification of 24cm multiplied by 48cm multiplied by 5m, putting 2.5kg of wet materials in each bag, sleeving a lantern ring after the materials are filled, inserting a 15cm polypropylene inoculation rod, and covering a plastic bolt cover with a sponge plug;
(3) sterilizing and cooling: placing the material bag into an autoclave, sterilizing for 3 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃ under the high pressure of 0.12-0.15 MPa, and naturally reducing the pressure of the material bag in the autoclave and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and inoculation: inoculating in a super clean bench, strictly sterilizing an inoculating chamber and an inoculating tool, requiring workers to wear a mask and sterile gloves, strictly performing sterile operation in the whole process, wiping the surface of a material bag lantern ring with 75% ethanol for sterilization, taking off a bolt cover, taking out an inoculating stick with tweezers, quickly putting in a ganoderma lucidum stock, covering the bolt cover, and moving into a culture chamber for culture;
(5) and culturing: keeping the temperature of the culture room at 25-28 ℃ in a dark place, growing hyphae to fill the material bags in 55-65 days, strengthening management in a spawn running stage, and timely eliminating the material bags polluted by the mixed fungi; when hyphae on the surface of the compost are twisted to generate primordia with large fingers, taking down the plug cover to perform lucid ganoderma growth culture, controlling the room temperature at 25-28 ℃ in the lucid ganoderma growth stage, increasing the relative humidity to 85% -90%, naturally scattering light by 300lux, ventilating once in the morning and at the evening every day, differentiating stipes in 1 hour every time for 18-22 days, and further differentiating the stipes to obtain the pileus;
(6) and disease control: attention should be paid to prevention of pollution caused by plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation process, and the specific prevention and control method comprises the following steps: thoroughly sterilizing the culture material; the inoculation process should be strictly aseptic; the culture chamber should be thoroughly sterilized before use; eliminating the fungus sticks polluted by the mixed fungi in time; keeping the culture chamber clean in the culture process;
(7) collecting spore powder: when the pale white or light yellow at the edge of the pileus disappears and becomes brown or yellow brown, collecting spore powder; after 45 days, the ejection of the spore powder is basically finished, the spore powder is collected and stored in a dry and ventilated place after being dried;
(8) and harvesting sporocarps: collecting Ganoderma fruiting body ejected with spore powder, oven drying at 60 deg.C, and storing in dry and ventilated place.
The invention takes oak tree leaves which are waste resources of oak forest as main materials, and bran, ammonium sulfate, lime powder and gypsum powder as auxiliary materials to prepare the ganoderma lucidum cultivation material, and has the advantages that:
1. the cultivation material has reasonable raw material proportion, promotes the physical shape complementation and nutrient complementation of the cultivation material, and has good air permeability, strong water retention capacity, high ganoderma lucidum spawn running speed and vigorous hypha growth; the culture material has balanced nutrition, the lucid ganoderma grows well, the cultured lucid ganoderma sporocarp has high medicinal component content and high medicinal value, the content of the lucid ganoderma triterpene in the cultured lucid ganoderma sporocarp can reach 3.29 percent and is obviously higher than that of wild ganoderma tsugae and lucid ganoderma sporocarp cultured in the Changbai mountain and reported in literature, and the content of the lucid ganoderma triterpene is shown in Table 1. The content of the fruiting body polysaccharide is 2.24 percent, which is obviously higher than that of the fruiting body polysaccharide of wild ganoderma tsugae in Changbai mountain and the ganoderma lucidum cultivated in literature reports, and is shown in Table 2. Compared with the wild ganoderma lucidum in Changbai mountain and the cultivated ganoderma lucidum reported in the literature, the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body obtained by using the oak leaves as the main culture material has obvious advantages in the aspects of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content and ganoderma lucidum triterpene content.
TABLE 1 comparison analysis of the contents of triterpene in culture medium and Ganoderma fruiting body in the invention and the literature reports
Note: the representation differed significantly at the level of P0.05 compared to the product according to the invention.
TABLE 2 comparison analysis of the contents of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide in the culture material and Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body in the invention and the literature report
Note: the representation differed significantly at the level of P0.05 compared to the product according to the invention.
2. The invention provides a reasonable and effective utilization scheme for a large amount of forest waste resources, and the oak leaves provide necessary carbon sources and nitrogen sources for the growth and development of the ganoderma lucidum. At present, main cultivation raw materials (log and sawdust) of edible fungi are in shortage day by day, oak leaves which are waste resources of oak forests are used as substitute materials for cultivating lucid ganoderma, so that the production cost of the edible fungi can be greatly reduced, the consumption of forest resources can be avoided, a new substrate is found for lucid ganoderma cultivation, the cultivation cost is greatly reduced, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Comprises the following steps:
the ganoderma lucidum cultivation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 7 parts of oak leaves, 1.4 parts of bran, 0.8 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.8 part of lime powder and 0.8 part of gypsum powder,
the oak leaves: after the oak leaves fall in autumn, collecting the dry fallen leaves, and crushing the dry fallen leaves into flaky particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm;
bran: the determination shows that the bran used in the invention contains 11.17% of crude protein, 1.50% of crude fat, 20.20% of crude cellulose and 8.67% of crude polysaccharide, and in addition, the bran is also rich in nutrients for growth of glossy ganoderma such as mineral nutrition, B vitamins and the like;
and (II) a preparation method of the cultivation material and a cultivation method of the lucid ganoderma comprise the following steps:
(1) and preparing a bag material: proportioning the dry materials according to the formula in the step (I), adding water, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to ensure that the moisture content of the wet materials is 60 percent, and the pH value is 4;
(2) and charging: mixing the culture materials, bagging, namely, adopting polypropylene cultivation bags with the specification of 24cm multiplied by 48cm multiplied by 5m, putting 2.5kg of wet materials in each bag, sleeving a lantern ring after the materials are filled, inserting a 15cm polypropylene inoculation rod, and covering a plastic bolt cover with a sponge plug;
(3) sterilizing and cooling: placing the material bag into an autoclave, sterilizing for 3 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃ under the high pressure of 0.12-0.15 MPa, and naturally reducing the pressure of the material bag in the autoclave and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and inoculation: inoculating in a super clean bench, strictly sterilizing an inoculating chamber and an inoculating tool, requiring workers to wear a mask and sterile gloves, strictly performing sterile operation in the whole process, wiping the surface of a material bag lantern ring with 75% ethanol for sterilization, taking off a bolt cover, taking out an inoculating stick with tweezers, quickly putting in a ganoderma lucidum stock, covering the bolt cover, and moving into a culture chamber for culture;
(5) and culturing: keeping the temperature of the culture room at 25 ℃ in a dark place, growing hypha over the material bags in 55 days, strengthening management in a spawn running stage, and eliminating the material bags polluted by the mixed fungi in time; when hyphae on the surface of the compost are twisted to generate primordia with large fingers, taking down the plug cover for carrying out the glossy ganoderma growth culture, controlling the room temperature at 25 ℃ in the glossy ganoderma growth stage, increasing the relative humidity to 85%, naturally scattering light by 300lux, ventilating once in the morning and at the evening every day, differentiating stipes in 18 days every time for 1 hour, and further differentiating the stipes into pileus;
(6) and disease control: attention should be paid to prevention of pollution caused by plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation process, and the specific prevention and control method comprises the following steps: thoroughly sterilizing the culture material; the inoculation process should be strictly aseptic; the culture chamber should be thoroughly sterilized before use; eliminating the fungus sticks polluted by the mixed fungi in time; keeping the culture chamber clean in the culture process;
(7) collecting spore powder: when the pale white or light yellow at the edge of the pileus disappears and becomes brown or yellow brown, collecting spore powder; after 45 days, the ejection of the spore powder is basically finished, the spore powder is collected and stored in a dry and ventilated place after being dried;
(8) and harvesting sporocarps: collecting Ganoderma fruiting body ejected with spore powder, oven drying at 60 deg.C, and storing in dry and ventilated place.
Example 2
Comprises the following steps:
the ganoderma lucidum cultivation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8 parts of oak leaves, 1.7 parts of bran, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of lime powder and 1 part of gypsum powder,
the oak leaves: after the oak leaves fall in autumn, collecting the dry fallen leaves, and crushing the dry fallen leaves into flaky particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm;
bran: the determination shows that the bran used in the invention contains 11.17% of crude protein, 1.50% of crude fat, 20.20% of crude cellulose and 8.67% of crude polysaccharide, and in addition, the bran is also rich in nutrients for growth of glossy ganoderma such as mineral nutrition, B vitamins and the like;
and (II) a preparation method of the cultivation material and a cultivation method of the lucid ganoderma comprise the following steps:
(1) and preparing a bag material: proportioning the dry materials according to the formula in the step (I), adding water, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to ensure that the moisture content of the wet materials is 60 percent, and the pH value is 6;
(2) and charging: mixing the culture materials, bagging, namely, adopting polypropylene cultivation bags with the specification of 24cm multiplied by 48cm multiplied by 5m, putting 2.5kg of wet materials in each bag, sleeving a lantern ring after the materials are filled, inserting a 15cm polypropylene inoculation rod, and covering a plastic bolt cover with a sponge plug;
(3) sterilizing and cooling: placing the material bag into an autoclave, sterilizing for 3 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃ under the high pressure of 0.12-0.15 MPa, and naturally reducing the pressure of the material bag in the autoclave and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and inoculation: inoculating in a super clean bench, strictly sterilizing an inoculating chamber and an inoculating tool, requiring workers to wear a mask and sterile gloves, strictly performing sterile operation in the whole process, wiping the surface of a material bag lantern ring with 75% ethanol for sterilization, taking off a bolt cover, taking out an inoculating stick with tweezers, quickly putting in a ganoderma lucidum stock, covering the bolt cover, and moving into a culture chamber for culture;
(5) and culturing: keeping the temperature of the culture room at 25-28 ℃ in a dark place, growing hyphae to fill the material bags in 55-65 days, strengthening management in a spawn running stage, and timely eliminating the material bags polluted by the mixed fungi; when hyphae on the surface of the compost are twisted to generate primordia with large fingers, taking down the plug cover for carrying out the glossy ganoderma growth culture, controlling the room temperature at 27 ℃ in the glossy ganoderma growth stage, increasing the relative humidity to 88%, naturally scattering light by 300lux, ventilating once in the morning and at the evening every day, differentiating stipes in 20 days every time for 1 hour, and further differentiating the stipes to obtain the pileus;
(6) and disease control: attention should be paid to prevention of pollution caused by plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation process, and the specific prevention and control method comprises the following steps: thoroughly sterilizing the culture material; the inoculation process should be strictly aseptic; the culture chamber should be thoroughly sterilized before use; eliminating the fungus sticks polluted by the mixed fungi in time; keeping the culture chamber clean in the culture process;
(7) collecting spore powder: when the pale white or light yellow at the edge of the pileus disappears and becomes brown or yellow brown, collecting spore powder; after 45 days, the ejection of the spore powder is basically finished, the spore powder is collected and stored in a dry and ventilated place after being dried;
(8) and harvesting sporocarps: collecting Ganoderma fruiting body ejected with spore powder, oven drying at 60 deg.C, and storing in dry and ventilated place.
Example 3
Comprises the following steps:
the ganoderma lucidum cultivation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 9 portions of oak leaves, 2.0 portions of bran, 1.2 portions of ammonium sulfate, 1.2 portions of lime powder and 1.2 portions of gypsum powder,
the oak leaves: after the oak leaves fall in autumn, collecting the dry fallen leaves, and crushing the dry fallen leaves into flaky particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm;
bran: the determination shows that the bran used in the invention contains 11.17% of crude protein, 1.50% of crude fat, 20.20% of crude cellulose and 8.67% of crude polysaccharide, and in addition, the bran is also rich in nutrients for growth of glossy ganoderma such as mineral nutrition, B vitamins and the like;
and (II) a preparation method of the cultivation material and a cultivation method of the lucid ganoderma comprise the following steps:
(1) and preparing a bag material: proportioning the dry materials according to the formula in the step (I), adding water, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to ensure that the moisture content of the wet materials is 60 percent, and the pH value is 7;
(2) and charging: mixing the culture materials, bagging, namely, adopting polypropylene cultivation bags with the specification of 24cm multiplied by 48cm multiplied by 5m, putting 2.5kg of wet materials in each bag, sleeving a lantern ring after the materials are filled, inserting a 15cm polypropylene inoculation rod, and covering a plastic bolt cover with a sponge plug;
(3) sterilizing and cooling: placing the material bag into an autoclave, sterilizing for 3 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃ under the high pressure of 0.12-0.15 MPa, and naturally reducing the pressure of the material bag in the autoclave and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and inoculation: inoculating in a super clean bench, strictly sterilizing an inoculating chamber and an inoculating tool, requiring workers to wear a mask and sterile gloves, strictly performing sterile operation in the whole process, wiping the surface of a material bag lantern ring with 75% ethanol for sterilization, taking off a bolt cover, taking out an inoculating stick with tweezers, quickly putting in a ganoderma lucidum stock, covering the bolt cover, and moving into a culture chamber for culture;
(5) and culturing: keeping the temperature of the culture room at 28 ℃, keeping the culture room in a dark place, enabling hyphae to grow over the material bags in 65 days, strengthening management in a spawn running stage, and timely eliminating the material bags polluted by the mixed fungi; when hyphae on the surface of the compost are twisted to generate primordia with large fingers, taking down the plug cover for carrying out the glossy ganoderma growth culture, controlling the room temperature at 28 ℃ in the glossy ganoderma growth stage, increasing the relative humidity to 90%, naturally scattering light by 300lux, ventilating once in the morning and at the evening every day, differentiating stipes in 22 days every 1 hour, and further differentiating the stipes to obtain the pileus;
(6) and disease control: attention should be paid to prevention of pollution caused by plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation process, and the specific prevention and control method comprises the following steps: thoroughly sterilizing the culture material; the inoculation process should be strictly aseptic; the culture chamber should be thoroughly sterilized before use; eliminating the fungus sticks polluted by the mixed fungi in time; keeping the culture chamber clean in the culture process;
(7) collecting spore powder: when the pale white or light yellow at the edge of the pileus disappears and becomes brown or yellow brown, collecting spore powder; after 45 days, the ejection of the spore powder is basically finished, the spore powder is collected and stored in a dry and ventilated place after being dried;
(8) and harvesting sporocarps: collecting Ganoderma fruiting body ejected with spore powder, oven drying at 60 deg.C, and storing in dry and ventilated place.
Claims (2)
1. An efficient method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by oak leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the ganoderma lucidum cultivation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 7 to 9 parts of oak leaves, 1.4 to 2.0 parts of bran, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of lime powder and 0.8 to 1.2 parts of gypsum powder,
and (II) a preparation method of the cultivation material and a cultivation method of the lucid ganoderma comprise the following steps:
(1) and preparing a bag material: proportioning dry materials according to the formula in the step (I), adding water, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to ensure that the moisture content of the wet materials is 60 percent, and the pH value is 4-7;
(2) and charging: mixing the culture materials, bagging, namely, adopting polypropylene cultivation bags with the specification of 24cm multiplied by 48cm multiplied by 5m, putting 2.5kg of wet materials in each bag, sleeving a lantern ring after the materials are filled, inserting a 15cm polypropylene inoculation rod, and covering a plastic bolt cover with a sponge plug;
(3) sterilizing and cooling: placing the material bag into an autoclave, sterilizing for 3 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃ under the high pressure of 0.12-0.15 MPa, and naturally reducing the pressure of the material bag in the autoclave and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and inoculation: inoculating in a super clean bench, strictly sterilizing an inoculating chamber and an inoculating tool, requiring workers to wear a mask and sterile gloves, strictly performing sterile operation in the whole process, wiping the surface of a material bag lantern ring with 75% ethanol for sterilization, taking off a bolt cover, taking out an inoculating stick with tweezers, quickly putting in a ganoderma lucidum stock, covering the bolt cover, and moving into a culture chamber for culture;
(5) and culturing: keeping the temperature of the culture room at 25-28 ℃ in a dark place, growing hyphae to fill the material bags in 55-65 days, strengthening management in a spawn running stage, and timely eliminating the material bags polluted by the mixed fungi; when hyphae on the surface of the compost are twisted to generate primordia with large fingers, taking down the plug cover to perform lucid ganoderma growth culture, controlling the room temperature at 25-28 ℃ in the lucid ganoderma growth stage, increasing the relative humidity to 85% -90%, naturally scattering light by 300lux, ventilating once in the morning and at the evening every day, differentiating stipes in 1 hour every time for 18-22 days, and further differentiating the stipes to obtain the pileus;
(6) and disease control: attention should be paid to prevention of pollution caused by plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation process, and the specific prevention and control method comprises the following steps: thoroughly sterilizing the culture material; the inoculation process should be strictly aseptic; the culture chamber should be thoroughly sterilized before use; eliminating the fungus sticks polluted by the mixed fungi in time; keeping the culture chamber clean in the culture process;
(7) collecting spore powder: when the pale white or light yellow at the edge of the pileus disappears and becomes brown or yellow brown, collecting spore powder; after 45 days, the ejection of the spore powder is basically finished, the spore powder is collected and stored in a dry and ventilated place after being dried;
(8) and harvesting sporocarps: collecting Ganoderma fruiting body ejected with spore powder, oven drying at 60 deg.C, and storing in dry and ventilated place.
2. The efficient method for cultivating ganoderma lucidum with oak leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of oak leaves: after the oak leaves fall in autumn, collecting the dry fallen leaves, and crushing the fallen leaves into flaky particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm.
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| CN105519353A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-04-27 | 山东恒发食用菌有限公司 | Agaricus bisporus spawn preparation method |
| CN105660169A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-06-15 | 山东省科创食用菌产业技术研究院 | Method for cultivating Auricularia fuscosuccinea through Lyohyllum waste |
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| CN1282789A (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2001-02-07 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业研究所 | Method for cultivating glossy ganoderma on mulberry branch |
| CN1849869B (en) * | 2006-05-25 | 2010-05-12 | 开平市健之源食品有限公司 | Industrialized cultivation method for ganoderma lucidum |
| CN102633550B (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-11-13 | 福建农业职业技术学院 | Culture medium and method for culturing ganoderma lucidum by using loquat braches and leaves |
| CN102835248B (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-07-16 | 颍上县鸿涛菌业专业合作社 | Method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by using mulberry branches |
| CN104472211A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-01 | 毛艳玲 | Bagged-material cultivation method for lucid ganoderma |
| CN105409596A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-23 | 广东中源农业发展有限公司 | Ganoderma lucidum substitute cultivation method |
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| CN105519353A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-04-27 | 山东恒发食用菌有限公司 | Agaricus bisporus spawn preparation method |
| CN105660169A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-06-15 | 山东省科创食用菌产业技术研究院 | Method for cultivating Auricularia fuscosuccinea through Lyohyllum waste |
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