CN112040772B - 至少含有一种赤霉素化合物和水杨酸的协同制剂 - Google Patents
至少含有一种赤霉素化合物和水杨酸的协同制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112040772B CN112040772B CN201980029009.6A CN201980029009A CN112040772B CN 112040772 B CN112040772 B CN 112040772B CN 201980029009 A CN201980029009 A CN 201980029009A CN 112040772 B CN112040772 B CN 112040772B
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Abstract
包含至少一种赤霉素(GA)化合物和水杨酸(SA)的协同制剂,用于延缓果实成熟并在贮藏中保持果实的良好品质。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
根据35 U.S.C.119(e),本申请要求2018年4月30日提交的美国临时申请62/664,867的权益,其内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明是包含至少一种赤霉素化合物和水杨酸的协同制剂。这种协同制剂延缓果实成熟,并在贮藏期间保持良好的果实品质。通过使用协同制剂获得的其他有益的果实质量参数包括果实的硬度、颜色和收获后疾病的减少。
背景技术
收获的果实基于它们的呼吸速率被分类为呼吸跃变型和非呼吸跃变型,其呼吸速率与果实腐烂的速率成比例。呼吸是为所有生物提供能量的过程。呼吸作用包括将存储的有机物质(例如蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物)降解为简单最终产品,伴随能量释放。在此过程中消耗氧气,并产生二氧化碳。
呼吸跃变型果实的例子包括但不限于苹果、杏、鳄梨、香蕉、野生番荔枝(biriba),蓝莓、面包果、毛叶番荔枝(cherimoya)、榴莲、fijoa、无花果、番石榴、波罗蜜、猕猴桃、芒果、山竹果、甜瓜、油桃、木瓜、百香果、桃、梨、柿子、大蕉(plantain)、李子、榅桲(quince)、红毛丹、人心果、美果榄、刺果番荔枝、番荔枝和番茄。
非呼吸跃变型果实的例子包括但不限于黑莓、可可、杨桃、腰果苹果、樱桃、蔓越莓、黄瓜、枣、茄子、葡萄、葡萄柚、红枣、柠檬、酸橙、龙眼、枇杷、荔枝、秋葵、橄榄、橙子、豌豆、胡椒、菠萝、石榴、仙人掌果、覆盆子、草莓、西葫芦、番茄(tamerillo)、橘子和柑橘以及西瓜。
在呼吸跃变型果实中,香蕉是世界第二大果实作物,在热带和亚热带地区的120多个国家/地区种植。世界上出口香蕉的主要地区是拉丁美洲、加勒比海地区、亚洲和非洲,并且香蕉的主要进口国是欧盟和美国。香蕉需要在生理上成熟后收获,然后在低温(13.2℃/52°F)以减少其代谢、乙烯的产生和成熟过程下在30至40天里向国外运输。有时,将香蕉放在带有乙烯吸收剂(如高锰酸钾)的改良或控制气氛的房间中,以抑制乙烯的产生。
赤霉酸(GA3)是一种植物生长调节剂,通常用于确保香蕉在运输过程中保持未成熟状态。已证明,GA3可以延缓果实硬度和维生素C含量的损失,并可以延缓果实的成熟、衰老和延缓枣皮叶绿素的降解。还已经在芒果中进行了测试,可以延迟总重量,叶绿素和抗坏血酸含量的损失,并降低淀粉酶和过氧化物酶的活性。GA3可以使柑橘类果实重新绿化,并延迟西红柿中红色的出现。此外,外源施加在香蕉切片上的GA3不会改变呼吸速率或乙烯分布,但会将蔗糖的积累推迟2天。GA3可使香蕉保持未成熟状态,但在某些情况下会导致香蕉变软,这是消费者不希望的。
水杨酸(SA),一种植物酚类化合物和一种植物防御激素,也已显示出减缓了香蕉的成熟。用0.5mM或1mM的SA处理的香蕉果实更坚硬,糖含量更低,呼吸频率降低。自80年代后期以来,在胡萝卜和梨的细胞悬浮培养研究中就已经知道水杨酸对乙烯生物合成的抑制作用,在该研究中,使用SA减少了乙烯的产生并允许细胞培养物的增殖。乙酰水杨酸已显示抑制苹果中乙烯的产生。还已经证实,SA抑制细胞壁和膜降解酶(聚半乳糖醛酸酶,脂氧化酶,纤维素和果胶甲基酯酶),并且由于这种抑制作用,用SA处理的香蕉果实更坚硬。
后来关于番茄果实成熟的研究评估了GA3、水杨酸或氯化钙(由于其对细胞壁硬度的作用)在减缓成熟中的作用。在所有测试的处理中,GA3以0.1%,CaCl2以1.5%或SA以0.4mM的浓度延长了番茄的保质期。在卡文迪许(Cavendish)香蕉上进行的类似研究测试了不同浓度的GA或SA,并确定300ppm的GA3或4mM的SA比其他处理方法导致更显著的成熟延迟。
发明内容
包含至少一种赤霉素化合物(GA)和水杨酸(SA)的协同制剂减少了乙烯的产生,同时保持了农产品的硬度和颜色,从而延长了保质期。
附图说明
通过以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例的详细描述,本发明的特征和优点将变得显而易见,其中:
图1是显示使用对照(CT)、仅水杨酸(SA)、仅赤霉素(GA)和本发明的GA+SA协同制剂处理后7天的果实硬度的图。
图2是显示使用对照(CT)、仅水杨酸(SA)、仅赤霉素(GA)和本发明的GA+SA协同制剂处理后10天的果实硬度的图。
图3是显示使用对照(CT)、仅水杨酸(SA)、仅赤霉素(GA)和本发明的GA+SA协同制剂处理后7天的乙烯释放的图。
图4是显示使用对照(CT)、仅水杨酸(SA)、仅赤霉素(GA)和本发明的GA+SA协同制剂处理后10天的乙烯释放的图。
图5是显示卡文迪许香蕉在处理后21天的乙烯释放的图,其模拟了在13.5℃下的海外运输。用对照(CT)、仅赤霉素(GA)、仅水杨酸(SA)和本发明的GA+SA协同制剂对香蕉果实进行处理。
图6是显示卡文迪许香蕉在催熟后6天(用100ppm的乙烯处理以模拟香蕉的商业处理)的果实硬度的图。用对照(CT)、仅赤霉素(GA)、仅水杨酸(SA)和本发明的GA+SA协同制剂对香蕉果实进行处理。
图7是显示卡文迪许香蕉在催熟后6天(用100ppm的乙烯处理以模拟香蕉的商业处理)的果皮颜色的图。用对照(CT)、仅赤霉素(GA)、仅水杨酸(SA)和本发明的GA+SA协同制剂对香蕉果实进行处理。
具体实施方式
协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:至少一种赤霉素(GA)化合物、水杨酸(SA);任选的至少一种溶剂;任选的至少一种不影响本发明协同制剂的乙烯生产的另外的组分、任选的至少一种非离子或阴离子表面活性剂;以及任选的至少一种常规的佐剂,其中所述协同制剂减少农产品中乙烯的产生,并且优选减少农产品的颜色变化。在一个实施例中,协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:至少一种赤霉素化合物和水杨酸,作为仅有的有助于减少农产品中的乙烯产量的活性剂。在另一个实施例中,协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:至少一种赤霉素化合物和水杨酸,作为引发农产品中积极的生理反应的仅有的活性剂。在另一个实施例中,协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:至少一种赤霉素化合物和水杨酸,而不添加任何卤代化合物,诸如氯化物,例如CaCl2。
通常将“活性剂”理解为包括有助于减少农产品中乙烯产生的那些化合物。另外,“活性剂”是在农产品中引起积极生理反应的任何化合物。
众所周知,水杨酸具有以下化学结构:
赤霉素化合物通常被理解为四环二萜酸。在本发明的一个实施例中,至少一种赤霉素化合物选自赤霉酸(“GA3”)、赤霉素4(“GA4”)、赤霉素4/7(“GA4/7”)及其组合。在本发明的优选实施例中,至少一种赤霉素化合物是具有以下结构的赤霉酸(GA3):
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述协同制剂包含比例为20:1至1:1或10:1至1:1、5:1至2:1或3:1至2:1的GA:SA。在一个实施例中,协同制剂包括至少一种溶剂与20-2000ppmGA、或100-1800ppm GA、或200-1500ppm GA、或500-1500ppm GA;和20-2000ppm水杨酸(SA)、或50-1000ppm SA、或50-800ppm SA。在另一个实施例中,协同制剂包含至少一种溶剂与625-1250ppm GA和62.5-625ppm SA。
在本发明的一个实施例中,协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:基于制剂的总重量的至多20重量%的至少一种赤霉素(GA)化合物组成;基于制剂的总重量的至多至少25重量%的水杨酸(SA);任选的基于所述制剂的总重量的至少50重量%的至少一种溶剂(优选丙二醇和/或PEG);任选的至少一种不影响本发明协同制剂的乙烯产生的另外的组分、任选的至少一种非离子或阴离子表面活性剂;以及任选地至少一种常规佐剂,其中所述协同制剂减少农产品中的乙烯产生。
在替代实施例中,协同制剂包含基于制剂总重量的5-20重量%的至少一种赤霉素化合物、或任选的10-20重量%的至少一种赤霉素化合物、或任选的10-15重量%的至少一种赤霉素化合物、或任选的10-12重量%的至少一种赤霉素化合物。在替代实施例中,协同制剂可以包括先前列出的量的GA化合物和基于制剂总重量的0.5-25重量%的水杨酸、或任选的4-25重量%的水杨酸、或任选的4-20重量%的水杨酸、或任选的4-10重量%的水杨酸、或任选的4-5重量%的水杨酸。
在一个实施例中,协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:基于制剂的总重量的18-20重量%的至少一种赤霉素(GA)化合物;基于制剂的总重量的20-25重量%的水杨酸(SA);基于所述制剂的总重量的50-62重量%的至少一种溶剂(优选丙二醇和/或PEG);任选的至少一种不影响本发明协同制剂的乙烯产生的另外的组分、任选的至少一种非离子或阴离子表面活性剂;以及任选地至少一种常规佐剂,其中所述协同制剂减少农产品中的乙烯产生。
在一个实施例中,协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:基于制剂的总重量的8-10重量%的至少一种赤霉素(GA)化合物;基于制剂的总重量的8-10重量%的水杨酸(SA);基于所述制剂的总重量的75-84重量%的至少一种溶剂(优选丙二醇和/或PEG);任选的至少一种不影响本发明协同制剂的乙烯产生的另外的组分、任选的至少一种非离子或阴离子表面活性剂;以及任选地至少一种常规佐剂,其中所述协同制剂减少农产品中的乙烯产生。
在一个实施例中,协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:基于制剂的总重量的18-20重量%的至少一种赤霉素(GA)化合物;基于制剂的总重量的0.5-1重量%的水杨酸(SA);基于所述制剂的总重量的75-81.5重量%的至少一种溶剂(优选丙二醇和/或PEG);任选的至少一种不影响本发明协同制剂的乙烯产生的另外的组分、任选的至少一种非离子或阴离子表面活性剂;以及任选地至少一种常规佐剂,其中所述协同制剂减少农产品中的乙烯产生。
在一个实施例中,协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:基于制剂的总重量的约12重量%的至少一种赤霉素(GA)化合物;基于制剂的总重量的约4.5重量%的水杨酸(SA);基于所述制剂的总重量的80-83.5重量%的至少一种溶剂(优选丙二醇和/或PEG);任选的至少一种不影响本发明协同制剂的乙烯产生的另外的组分、任选的至少一种非离子或阴离子表面活性剂;以及任选地至少一种常规佐剂,其中所述协同制剂减少农产品中的乙烯产生。
在本发明的一个实施例中,以非水溶液的形式提供协同溶液。如本文所提供的,应理解,术语“非水”可包括少量的水,基于协同制剂的总重量,优选小于5重量%、优选小于4重量%、优选小于3重量%、优选小于2%、优选小于1重量%、优选小于1重量%、并且优选小于0.5重量%。然而,优选不有意地将水添加到本发明的协同制剂中。
本发明的协同制剂优选包含至少一种溶剂,溶剂的总量为基于协同制剂的总重量的≥50重量%、≥60重量%、≥70重量%、≥80重量%、或≥85重量%、或≥90重量%、或≥95重量%、或≥99%。
在本发明的一个实施例中,协同制剂包含上述量的SA和GA以及选自多种有机溶剂的至少一种溶剂。此类溶剂包括但不限于乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、乳酸乙酯、3-羟基丁酸酯(乙酯和丙酯)、聚合和非聚合二醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、碳酸丙烯酯及其组合。在一个实施例中,将丙二醇用作本发明的协同制剂中的溶剂。优选地,所述协同制剂包含上述量的SA和GA以及基于协同制剂的总重量的≥50重量%的丙二醇、或≥60重量%的丙二醇、或≥70重量%的丙二醇、≥80重量%的丙二醇、或≥85重量%的丙二醇、或≥90重量%的丙二醇、或≥95重量%的丙二醇、或≥99重量%的丙二醇。在另一个实施例中,将至少一种分子量为190-420的聚乙二醇(PEG)用作本发明的协同制剂中的溶剂。优选地,所述协同制剂包含上述量的SA和GA以及基于协同制剂的总重量的≥50重量%的聚乙二醇、或≥60重量%的聚乙二醇、或≥70重量%的聚乙二醇、≥80重量%的聚乙二醇、或≥85重量%的聚乙二醇、或≥90重量%的聚乙二醇、或≥95重量%的聚乙二醇、或≥99重量%的聚乙二醇。优选地,所述协同制剂包括上述量的SA和GA以及基于协同制剂的总重量的≥50重量%的溶剂组合(例如聚乙二醇和丙二醇)、或≥60重量%的溶剂组合(例如聚乙二醇和丙二醇)、或≥70重量%的溶剂组合(例如聚乙二醇和丙二醇)、≥80重量%的溶剂组合(例如聚乙二醇和丙二醇)、或≥85重量%的溶剂组合(例如聚乙二醇和丙二醇)、或≥90重量%的溶剂组合(例如聚乙二醇和丙二醇)、或≥95重量%的溶剂组合(例如聚乙二醇和丙二醇)、或≥99重量%的溶剂组合(例如聚乙二醇和丙二醇)。
在本发明的一个实施例中,协同制剂包括极性和半极性有机溶剂,是单一的“非挥发性、极性或半极性有机溶剂”或其组合,本文限定为排除那些在20℃时蒸气压小于0.1毫米汞柱的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)。极性溶剂定义为可溶解离子和其他极性溶质的溶剂。半极性溶剂会在非极性分子中引起一定程度的极性。极性的测量可以通过其介电常数来确定。在本发明中定义的半极性和极性溶剂是介电常数在20℃下大于10的那些溶剂。例如,协同制剂可以包括但不限于以下溶剂:醇、二烷基酮、碳酸亚烷基酯、烷基酯、吡咯烷酮、芳基酯及其组合。
协同制剂还可以包含非离子或阴离子表面活性剂,包括但不限于羧酸盐、磺酸盐、天然油、烷基酰胺、芳基酰胺、烷基酚、芳基酚、乙氧基化醇、聚氧乙烯(polyoxygethylene)、羧酸酯、聚烷基二醇酯、脱水山梨糖醇、乙二醇酯、羧基酰胺、单烷醇胺、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酰胺、聚山梨酯、环糊精、糖基、硅酮基、聚烷基化醇、烷芳基乙氧基化物及其组合。在一个实施例中,所述协同制剂包括上述量的SA和GA以及任选的溶剂和总量基于协同制剂的总重量≤10重量%、或≤5重量%、或≤1重量%的表面活性剂。
协同制剂可包含上述量的GA化合物、SA、任选的溶剂、任选的表面活性剂和任选的另外的组分,使得所有这些另外的组分的总量优选基于协同制剂的总重量小于10重量%、或小于5重量%或小于1重量%。优选地,这些组分不影响本发明协同制剂的乙烯产生。这些另外的组分包括表面活性剂、晶体生长抑制剂、杀真菌剂、粘着剂、铺展剂、叶渗透剂、分散剂、系统获得性抗性诱导剂、系统获得性抗性抑制剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、pH调节剂、助溶剂、保湿剂、染料、紫外线保护剂、媒介物、螯合剂及其组合,或不影响本发明协同制剂的乙烯产生的其他组分。
在本发明的一个实施例中,通过将上述量的GA化合物、SA、任选的溶剂、任选的表面活性剂和任选的另外的组分与任选的常规佐剂组合来制备协同制剂。在本发明的一个实施例中、基于协同制剂的总重量,所有此类常规佐剂的总量优选小于10重量%、或小于5重量%、或小于1重量%。
协同制剂可以以溶液、乳剂、混悬剂、糊剂、粉末或颗粒的形式提供。在优选的实施例中,协同制剂是溶液,最优选地是非水溶液。
活性剂以其制剂的形式或由其制备的施加形式或它们与另外的组分的混合物的形式以常规方式使用,例如通过倾倒、喷溅、喷洒或撒粉的方式。合适的施加形式是例如水性或非水性溶液,其用常规的分散剂、悬浮液、乳剂、喷雾剂或喷粉剂(dusting agent)稳定。其他形式的应用包括将商品或农产品浸入含有活性剂的溶液中。可以在收获前和收获后进行施加。
本发明的协同制剂可用于任何农产品,例如:香蕉、苹果、芒果、鳄梨、朝鲜蓟、蓝莓、胡萝卜、芹菜、樱桃、柑橘、羽衣甘蓝、西兰花、黄瓜、玉米、葡萄、瓜(melon)、山核桃、胡椒、菠萝、大米、大黄、菠菜、核果、草莓、豆瓣菜和其他需要处理的植物。在一个优选的实施例中,该协同制剂用于香蕉上以减少乙烯的产生,同时保持硬度以产生具有更长保质期的果实。
应该理解的是,数值范围的列举包括介于最高值和最低值之间的所有特定值。例如,“20-2000ppm”的引用包括20到2000之间的所有值,因此上限或下限可以包括但不限于30、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900、1000、1100、1200、1300、1400、1500、1600、1700、1800和1900ppm。例如,“10:1到1:1”的引用包括10:1到1:1之间的所有值,因此上限或下限可以包括但不限于9:1、8:1、7:1、6:1、5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1至1:1。例如,“最多20重量%”的引用包括0.001到-20之间的所有值,因此上限或下限可以包括但不限于0.001、0.01、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20。例如,“最多至少25重量%”的引用包括0.001-25之间的所有值,因此上限或下限可以包括但不限于0.001、0.01、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24和25。例如,“至少50重量%”的引用包括50-100之间的所有值,因此上限或下限可以包括但不限于50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64.65、66、67、68、69 70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99和100。
如本文使用的,与数量、重量百分比等有关的所有数值被定义为“约”或“近似”每个特定值,即,正负10%(±10%)。例如,短语“以重量计至少5%”应理解为“以重量计至少4.5%至5.5%”。因此,权利要求的范围涵盖在所要求的值的10%以内的量。除非另有说明,否则制剂中组分的百分比以基于制剂总重量的重量百分比列出。
本发明的基本和新颖的特征是,协同制剂包含、任选地基本上由以下组成或任选地由以下组成:至少一种赤霉素化合物(GA)和水杨酸(SA),其任选地在溶液中,其降低了乙烯的产生,同时保持农产品的硬度和颜色,这延长了保质期。
以下示例说明了本发明的一个实施例。本领域技术人员将理解如何修改实例以实现本发明。
实例1
分别测试活性剂赤霉酸(GA3)和水杨酸(SA)并混合在一起(GA+SA协同制剂),以确定它们对泰国香蕉保质期的影响。乙烯释放和果实坚硬度/果实硬度是在该测试中测量的参数。
当单独使用时,以全比例测试活性剂,当在协同制剂中组合时,以一半比例测试活性剂。进行了初步实验(此处未报道)以确定活性剂的最佳剂量组合。
处理包括对照-水处理、丙二醇中的SA 552ppm(4mM),丙二醇中的GA3 1500ppm和丙二醇中的GA3 750ppm(12重量%)+SA 276ppm(4.5重量%)(2mM)。将这些包含活性剂的制剂溶解在水中,然后在每个香蕉上喷5ml。将香蕉风干25分钟,然后将其放在透明密闭盒中在75°F下放置10天。
用Felix Instruments的便携式乙烯分析仪F-900测量乙烯。将果实放置在装有隔膜塞的密封容器中40-60分钟,然后使用注射器对顶部空间的空气进行采样。乙烯以ppm/g/min单位测定。使用BrookField Ametek带有TA10探针的质地分析仪CT-3、4500g以牛顿(力单位)为单位,测量4mm深度的果实坚硬度/果实硬度。
图1至图4显示了测试结果,表明当将协同制剂施加于香蕉时,乙烯释放最低。因此,当用协同制剂处理香蕉,在处理后第10天时的果实硬度最高。这表明,与单独的活性剂的制剂相比,协同制剂对果实成熟和延长香蕉保质期的作用更大。
对数据的统计分析证实了协同制剂提供了如下显著结果:
表1:第7天硬度
SA 552 | GA<sub>3</sub> 1500 | GA<sub>3</sub> 750+SA 276 | |
P值vs对照 | 0.17602 | 0.68073 | 0.73437 |
P值vs SA 552 | 0.1225 | 0.39234 | |
P值vs GA 1500 | 0.49524 |
表2:第10天硬度
SA 552 | GA<sub>3</sub> 1500 | GA<sub>3</sub>7 50+SA 276 | |
P值vs对照 | 0.76078 | 0.70965 | 0.09455 |
P值vs SA 552 | 0.46565 | 0.14888 | |
P值vs GA 1500 | 0.01981 |
表3:第7天乙烯研究
表4:第10天乙烯研究
SA 552 | GA<sub>3</sub> 1500 | GA<sub>3</sub> 750+SA 276 | |
P值vs对照 | 0.29322 | 0.63964 | 0.00648 |
P值vs SA 552 | 0.04572 | 8.8E-05 | |
P值vs GA 1500 | 7.9E-05 |
实例2
分别测试活性剂赤霉酸(GA3)和水杨酸(SA)并混合在一起(GA+SA协同制剂),以确定它们对卡文迪许香蕉(最受欢迎的商业香蕉)保质期的影响。乙烯释放、果实坚硬度/果实硬度和颜色是在该测试中测量的参数。
当单独使用时,以全比例测试活性剂,当在协同制剂中组合时,以不同比例测试活性剂:~20∶1、~10∶1、~5∶1、~2.7∶1和~1∶1。
处理包括对照-水处理,丙二醇中1500ppm的SA,丙二醇中1500ppm的GA3和丙二醇中的1250ppm的GA3(18.2重量%)+62.5ppm的SA(0.9重量%)(~20∶1),丙二醇中的1250ppm的GA3(18.2重量%)+125ppm的SA(1.8重量%)(~10∶1),丙二醇中的1250ppm的GA3(16.7重量%)+250ppm的SA(3.3重量%)(~5∶1),丙二醇中的750ppm的GA3(12重量%)+276ppm的SA(4.5重量%)(~2.7∶1),丙二醇中的625ppm的GA3(5重量%)+625ppm的SA(5重量%)(~1∶1)。将包含活性剂的制剂溶解在水中,并与噻菌灵和咪唑(各300ppm)(香蕉中商业使用的杀菌剂)混合。将喷雾剂直接喷向冠部。将香蕉风干,然后使用内部塑料衬里将香蕉包装在商用纸板箱中,该衬里的底部有4个孔。将包装好的果实存放在13.5℃的冷藏室中,以进行21天的模拟运输。在模拟运输之后,将果实转移到18℃的成熟室中放置24小时,然后用连续排放催化发生器(American matureer arco 1200)以100-150ppm施加乙烯24小时。
用气相色谱仪(Agilent 7920 FID/TCD)测量乙烯。将果实(950-1500克)放入装有隔膜塞的密封容器(2.5加仑)中放置2小时,然后使用注射器对顶部空间的空气进行采样。乙烯以uL/Kg.h单位测定。使用Chatillon DPPH100圆锥形探针(5毫米),以0.5英寸的固定深度,以牛顿(力单位)为单位测量果实坚硬度/硬度。用iWAVE WR10色度计测量果皮颜色,该色度计类似于CR300色度计Minolta。根据设备读取的a、b和L值计算色相值(Hue)。
图5至图7显示了测试结果,表明当香蕉仍为绿色时,施加了2.7:1的协同制剂的香蕉在模拟运输后的乙烯释放量最低。在暴露于乙烯以诱导成熟(使用100-150ppm的乙烯进行催熟)的香蕉上测量果实的硬度和颜色,这将显示收获后处理对香蕉保质期的效果如何。对照的色相值最低,所有处理过的香蕉的色相值较高。黄色等于色相值90,绿色等于色相值180。色相值越高,香蕉皮越绿。
尽管已经根据优选实施例公开了本发明,但是应当理解,在不脱离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围的情况下,可以对其做出许多附加的修改和变化。
Claims (18)
1.减少香蕉中乙烯产生的方法,所述方法包括:
应用一种协同制剂,所述协同制剂包含,
至少一种赤霉素化合物;
至少62.5 ppm的水杨酸;
≥50 wt.%的至少一种有机溶剂;
小于5 wt.%的水;
任选地至少一种非离子或阴离子表面活性剂;和
任选地至少一种佐剂;
其中所述制剂包括基于制剂的总重量的比水杨酸更多的赤霉素,所述协同制剂应用到所述香蕉以减少乙烯的产生,同时保持硬度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述制剂包含,
最多20 wt.%的所述至少一种赤霉素化合物,和
最多19 wt.%水杨酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述制剂包含,
基于制剂的总重量的18-20 wt.%的所述至少一种赤霉素化合物;和50-62 wt.%的所述至少一种有机溶剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述制剂包含,
基于制剂的总重量的5-18.2 wt.%的所述至少一种赤霉素化合物;0.9-5 wt.%的水杨酸;和75-84 wt.%的所述至少一种有机溶剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述制剂包含,
基于制剂的总重量的18-20 wt.%的所述至少一种赤霉素化合物;0.5-1 wt.%的水杨酸;和75-81.5 wt.%的所述至少一种有机溶剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述制剂包含,
基于制剂的总重量的12 wt.%的所述至少一种赤霉素化合物;4.5 wt.%的水杨酸;和80-83 wt.%的所述至少一种有机溶剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种赤霉素化合物和所述水杨酸为所述制剂中仅有的活性剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在所述制剂中不存在卤代化合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中在所述制剂中不存在CaCl2。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种赤霉素化合物选自由以下组成的组:赤霉酸、赤霉素4、赤霉素4/7及其组合。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述赤霉素化合物是赤霉酸。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种有机溶剂选自由以下组成的组:醇、二烷基酮、碳酸亚烷基酯、烷基酯、吡咯烷酮、芳基酯及其组合。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种有机溶剂选自由以下组成的组:乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、乳酸乙酯、3-羟基丁酸乙酯、3-羟基丁酸丙酯、聚合和非聚合二醇、甘油、碳酸丙烯酯及其组合。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种有机溶剂选自由以下组成的组:聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇及其组合。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种有机溶剂是聚乙二醇。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种有机溶剂是分子量为190-420的至少一种聚乙二醇。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述制剂包含基于制剂的总重量的≤10 wt.%的所述至少一种非离子或阴离子表面活性剂。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述制剂包含基于协同制剂的总重量的小于10wt.%的所述至少一种佐剂。
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