CN106106710A - 一种猕猴桃保鲜方法 - Google Patents

一种猕猴桃保鲜方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106106710A
CN106106710A CN201610472850.0A CN201610472850A CN106106710A CN 106106710 A CN106106710 A CN 106106710A CN 201610472850 A CN201610472850 A CN 201610472850A CN 106106710 A CN106106710 A CN 106106710A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
actinidiae chinensis
fructus actinidiae
oligochitosan
preservation method
fruit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610472850.0A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
李东
谭书明
夏之行
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guizhou Sanjin Shengguo Green Food Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guizhou Sanjin Shengguo Green Food Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guizhou Sanjin Shengguo Green Food Co Ltd filed Critical Guizhou Sanjin Shengguo Green Food Co Ltd
Priority to CN201610472850.0A priority Critical patent/CN106106710A/zh
Publication of CN106106710A publication Critical patent/CN106106710A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23B7/0425—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the material not being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/58—1,2-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
    • A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
    • A01N47/44—Guanidine; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A23B7/152—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种猕猴桃保鲜方法，属于水果保鲜技术领域，本发明在采前对猕猴桃喷洒复合喷雾剂与采后处理有机结合，该复合喷雾剂为每升水中包含有机钙50～300mg、生长素类添加剂10～50mg、壳寡糖类物质1～20g；本发明的保鲜方法能延缓猕猴桃硬度下降速率，有效抑制果胶酶(PG)的活性、推迟猕猴桃果实呼吸峰的到来，有效降低果实采摘后的腐烂率，并显著延长了猕猴桃的贮藏期限。

Description

一种猕猴桃保鲜方法
技术领域
本发明属于水果保鲜技术领域，尤其涉及一种猕猴桃保鲜方法。
背景技术
猕猴桃是猕猴桃科猕猴桃属多年生植物的统称，为多年生藤本植物，是一种重要的水果资源。猕猴桃果实果肉酸甜可口、营养丰富、富含VC，具有较高的保健价值，猕猴桃还含有膳食纤维、多糖、黄酮、多酚等功能性成分，以及多种对人体有意的氨基酸和矿物质元素，因此有“超级水果”的美誉。
专利号为CN201410220733.6《一种猕猴桃果实保鲜剂及其使用方法》中提出猕猴桃是典型的呼吸跃变型浆果，对温度和乙烯极为敏感，后熟软化进程迅速，而且皮薄汁多，病害频发，极易腐烂，采后损失率高达35％，素有“七天软，十天烂，半月坏一半”的说法。因此，国内外专家学者试图通过各种方式抑制猕猴桃果实软化衰老和腐烂，从而延长果实的贮藏期，提高其商品率。我国猕猴桃产量居世界第一，但果实贮藏保鲜技术的应用与新西兰等发达国家相比有较大差距，严重制约了我国猕猴桃产业化发展。现有技术中对猕猴桃果实的保鲜方法，大多为采摘后进行保鲜处理，主要有低温贮藏、气调、涂膜、热处理等物理保鲜法，化学保鲜法主要有杀菌剂处理、浸钙、乙烯吸附剂、多胺、1-甲基-环丙烯、外源IAA、一氧化氮和臭氧等处理方法。然而，猕猴桃果实采前处理的保鲜方法报道很少，主要有采前喷钙、钾、二氧化氯等处理方法，生产实践中尚无一套切实可行的采前处理猕猴桃果实的专用保鲜技术。
因此，猕猴桃保鲜技术的研究必须延伸到采前田间管理，并将采前处理与采后处理有机的结合起来才能有效延长了猕猴桃的贮藏期限。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种猕猴桃保鲜方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案得以实现：
一种猕猴桃保鲜方法，该方法分为采收前的处理和采收后的处理；采收前的处理是采用复合喷雾剂喷洒处理，所述复合喷雾剂为每升水中包含有机钙50～300mg、生长素类添加剂10～50mg、壳寡糖类物质1～20g。
进一步的，所述的壳寡糖类物质为壳寡糖和/或壳寡糖衍生物。
进一步的，所述的壳寡糖衍生物为壳寡糖硫酸衍生物、壳寡糖盐酸衍生物、壳寡糖磷酸衍生物、壳寡糖磺胺类衍生物、壳寡糖酰基异硫氰酸酯类衍生物、壳寡糖含磷衍生物、壳寡糖胍基衍生物、壳寡糖烟酰异硫氰酸酯衍生物、壳寡糖-铈(Ⅳ)络合物中的至少一种。
进一步的，所述的有机钙为葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙、天然糖醇螯合钙中的至少一种。
进一步的，所述的生长素类添加剂为荼乙酸甲脂、萘乙酸、赤霉素、青鲜素、纳他霉素、2,6-二氯异烟酸(INA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、草酸、水杨酸、1-甲基环丙烯中的至少一种。
进一步的，所述的采后处理包括以下步骤：
(1)预冷处理：将新鲜采收的猕猴桃放入预冷库中，并将猕猴桃果心温度在8～20h内降到2℃左右；
(2)将上述步骤(1)处理后的果实进行气调贮藏。
进一步的，所述的气调贮藏的条件为：氧气体积含量1-3％，二氧化碳体积含量3-6％，臭氧浓度50-150ppb，贮藏温度0±0.5℃，RH(相对湿度)为90％～98％，乙烯气体的含量控制在0.01～0.03ppm。
本发明的有益效果在于：
猕猴桃经过本发明保鲜方法的处理，延缓了猕猴桃硬度下降速率，有效抑制了果胶酶(PG)的活性、推迟猕猴桃果实呼吸峰的到来，有效降低果实采摘后的腐烂率，从而延长了采摘后猕猴桃的贮藏期限，还有效改善并提高猕猴桃的风味和品质。
具体实施方式
下面进一步描述本发明的技术方案，但要求保护的范围并不局限于所述。
实施例一
本猕猴桃保鲜方法中复合喷雾剂配方为：每升水中包含天然糖醇螯合钙、葡萄糖酸钙等比例混合物100mg，萘乙酸、赤霉素、青鲜素按3:2:1比例混合物10mg，壳寡糖、壳寡糖含磷衍生物、壳寡糖胍基衍生物等比例混合物10g。
一种猕猴桃保鲜方法具体操作步骤如下：
(1)喷雾剂的配制：将上述原料按比例混合摇匀配制即得复合喷雾剂。
(2)果实采前120d时在无风雨且无太阳光直射的傍晚用动力喷雾机喷施复合喷雾剂于猕猴桃果和叶，以猕猴桃果实和叶面全部喷湿为度，每隔10天左右喷施一次；其他处理均与正常园林管理一致。从猕猴桃挂果到采收整个过程中进行的任何操作都进行了详细的记录。
(3)采后处理：按常规处理方法对采后的猕猴桃进行保藏处理。
实施例二
本猕猴桃保鲜方法中复合喷雾剂配方为：每升水中包含天然糖醇螯合钙液80mg，荼乙酸30mg，壳寡糖5g。
一种猕猴桃保鲜方法具体操作步骤如下：
(1)喷雾剂的配制：将上述原料按比例混合摇匀配制即得复合喷雾剂。
(2)果实采前140d时在无风雨且无太阳光直射的傍晚用动力喷雾机喷施复合喷雾剂于猕猴桃果和叶，以猕猴桃果实和叶面全部喷湿为度，每隔20天左右喷施一次；其他处理均与正常园林管理一致。从猕猴桃挂果到采收整个过程中进行的任何操作都进行了详细的记录。
(3)采后处理：按常规处理方法对采后的猕猴桃进行保藏处理。
实施例三
本猕猴桃保鲜方法中复合喷雾剂配方为：每升水中包含天然葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙等比例混合物300mg，萘乙酸、2,6-二氯异烟酸(INA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、水杨酸按4：1：1：1比例混合的混合物50mg，壳寡糖、壳寡糖硫酸衍生物、壳寡糖盐酸衍生物、壳寡糖磷酸衍生物等比例的混合物20g。
一种猕猴桃保鲜方法具体操作步骤如下：
(1)喷雾剂的配制：将上述原料按比例混合摇匀配制即得复合喷雾剂。
(2)果实采前160d时在无风雨且无太阳光直射的傍晚用动力喷雾机喷施复合喷雾剂于猕猴桃果和叶，以猕猴桃果实和叶面全部喷湿为度，每隔30天左右喷施一次；其他处理均与正常园林管理一致。从猕猴桃挂果到采收整个过程中进行的任何操作都进行了详细的记录。
(3)采后处理：按常规处理方法对采后的猕猴桃进行保藏处理。
实施例四
一种猕猴桃保鲜方法具体操作步骤如下：
采前处理按照实施例一进行。采后处理步骤如下：
1)果实采收：采收时，操作人员均手戴棉质手套，以减少猕猴桃的机械损伤，从树体东、西、南、北方向随机采取果形端正、大小均匀、无病虫害的果实，采收后的猕猴桃果实立即运回贵州省农畜产品贮藏加工重点实验室。
2)猕猴桃的贮藏：
(1)预冷处理：将新鲜采收的猕猴桃放入预冷库中，并将猕猴桃果心温度在8h内降到2℃左右；
(2)将上述步骤(1)处理后的果实进行气调贮藏，气调贮藏的条件为：氧气体积含量1％，二氧化碳体积含量3％，臭氧浓度50ppb贮藏温度0.5℃，RH(相对湿度)为90％，乙烯气体的含量控制在0.01ppm。
实施例五
一种猕猴桃保鲜方法具体操作步骤如下：
采前处理按照实施例二进行。采后处理步骤如下：
1)果实采收：采收时，操作人员均手戴棉质手套，以减少猕猴桃的机械损伤，从树体东、西、南、北方向随机采取果形端正、大小均匀、无病虫害的果实，采收后的猕猴桃果实立即运回贵州省农畜产品贮藏加工重点实验室。
2)猕猴桃的贮藏：
(1)预冷处理：将新鲜采收的猕猴桃放入预冷库中，并将猕猴桃果心温度在14h内降到2℃左右；
(2)将上述步骤(1)处理后的果实进行气调贮藏，气调贮藏的条件为：氧气体积含量2％，二氧化碳体积含量5％，臭氧浓度50-150ppb,贮藏温度-0.5℃，RH(相对湿度)为94％，乙烯气体的含量控制在0.02ppm。
实施例六
一种猕猴桃保鲜方法具体操作步骤如下：
采前处理按照实施例三进行。采后处理步骤如下：
1)果实采收：采收时，操作人员均手戴棉质手套，以减少猕猴桃的机械损伤，从树体东、西、南、北方向随机采取果形端正、大小均匀、无病虫害的果实，采收后的猕猴桃果实立即运回贵州省农畜产品贮藏加工重点实验室。
2)猕猴桃的贮藏：
(1)预冷处理：将新鲜采收的猕猴桃放入预冷库中，并将猕猴桃果心温度在20h内降到2℃左右；
(2)将上述步骤(1)处理后的果实进行气调贮藏，气调贮藏的条件为：氧气体积含量3％，二氧化碳体积含量6％，臭氧浓度50-150ppb,贮藏温度0.5℃，RH(相对湿度)为98％，乙烯气体的含量控制在0.03ppm。
试验例
1、试验设计
1.1试验品种：“贵长”猕猴桃，种植地是贵州省贵阳市修文县贵州三金圣果绿色食品有限责任公司优质猕猴桃种植基地。
1.2试验地址：选择地势、光照、通风一致的“贵长”猕猴桃片区，进行田间试验。
1.3试验处理：A处理中的复合喷雾剂按照实施例一中配方配制、B处理中的复合喷雾剂按照实施例二中配方配制、C处理中的复合喷雾剂按照实施例三中配方配制、D处理为空白对照组。每个处理5棵树，重复3次，做好标记。喷施试验采前140d开始，于无风雨且无太阳光直射的傍晚用动力喷雾机喷施猕猴桃果和叶，并以蒸馏水处理为对照，以猕猴桃果实和叶面全部喷湿为度，每隔20天左右喷施一次，其他处理均与正常园林管理一致。按照实施例二的贮藏步骤进行贮藏，贮藏过程中每隔15天从冷库中取出100个猕猴桃果实立即测定相关指标，重复3次，当腐败率大于40％时结束实验。
2、指标测定
2.1腐败率：采用感官鉴定法，用肉眼判断果实是否发霉腐烂。
2.2果实硬度：FHR-1型果实硬度计，单果测3次，重复3个果，取平均值。
2.3呼吸强度：取猕猴桃0.5kg左右，放入干燥器中密闭，用GXH-3010D型红外线CO2浓度测定仪分别测定30min前后的起始值和终止值。呼吸强度计算公式如下:
R = 44 × Δ A % × V × 273 22.4 × ( 273 + t ) × W × h
式中R代表呼吸速率，ΔA％代表干燥器内CO2的浓度增加值，V代表干燥器体积，t代表测定环境温度，W代表质量，h代表测定呼吸时间。
2.4果胶(PG)酶活性：果胶在多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)作用下，能水解产生带有还原性醛基的半乳糖醛酸。3,5-二硝基水杨酸试剂可与其发生显色反应。根据颜色的深浅程度，可通过分光光度计测定PG活性的大小。具体的详细测定方法和步骤见《果蔬生理生化实验指导》。
3、结果与分析：
3.1数据分析：利用SPSS数据处理软件，对数据进行统计与分析，以P<0.05为差异显著，以P<0.01为差异极显著，文中图表使用origin软件绘制。
3.2结果与分析
表1不同采前处理猕猴桃贮藏期腐败率(％)变化
猕猴桃是极易腐败的水果，随着贮藏时间的延长腐败率会不断上升，也是评价猕猴桃耐贮性能最重要的指标；由表1可知采前喷施天然糖醇螯合钙液、萘乙酸和壳寡糖的处理和采收后的处理能有效减少采后猕猴桃贮藏过程中的腐败率，至少能延长猕猴桃贮藏期15天。不同药剂的不同比例复合使用，对猕猴桃采后贮藏期腐败率的影响效果不尽相同，在以上三组组处理中以B实验组效果最佳。
表2不同采前处理猕猴桃贮藏期硬度(N*cm-2)变化
猕猴桃由于自身的生理特性，采后极易变软腐败，其果实硬度是衡量果实是否具有销售价值的直接标准。因此，猕猴桃采后贮藏期的果实硬度能很直观的表征猕猴桃的贮藏期；由表2可知刚采摘时对照组和实验组猕猴桃的硬度就存在极显著差异，各实验组猕猴桃硬度明显大于对照组，喷施天然糖醇螯合钙的实验组猕猴桃硬度显著大于未喷施天然糖醇螯合钙的对照组。
表3不同采前处理猕猴桃贮藏期呼吸强度(CO2mg/h*kg-1)变化
猴桃采后成熟与其生理活动剧烈程度关系十分密切，延缓其采后生理活性、抑制其采后呼吸作用能有效延长猕猴桃的贮藏保鲜期；由表3可知猕猴桃呼吸高峰的到来时间有所差异但峰值差异不显著。以上情况说明适当的采前处理能有效的推迟猕猴桃果实呼吸峰的到来。表4不同采前处理猕猴桃贮藏期果胶酶活性PG activity(μg/h*g-1)变化
猕猴桃在贮藏过程中随着后熟的发生维生素C的含量会不断下
降，因此，维生素C含量的变化是研究猕猴桃贮藏保鲜的一个重要指标；由表4可知猕猴桃样品刚采摘时对照组和实验组样品的PG活性就表现出较明显的差异，说明采前处理对猕猴桃的PG活性起到了较好的抑制作用。
由以上数据可知，B组复合喷雾剂配方为：每升水中包含天然糖醇螯合钙液80mg，荼乙酸30mg，壳寡糖5g的效果最好，采用本发明的采前处理对猕猴桃采后的耐贮性的影响都是积极地，并且有机结合了采后处理显著延长猕猴桃贮藏期。

Claims (7)

1.一种猕猴桃保鲜方法，该方法分为采收前的处理和采收后的处理；采收前的处理是采用复合喷雾剂喷洒处理，其特征在于，所述复合喷雾剂为每升水中包含有机钙50～300mg、生长素类添加剂10～50mg、壳寡糖类物质1～20g。
2.如权利要求1所述的猕猴桃保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述的壳寡糖类物质为壳寡糖和/或壳寡糖衍生物。
3.如权利要求2所述的猕猴桃保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述的壳寡糖衍生物为壳寡糖硫酸衍生物、壳寡糖盐酸衍生物、壳寡糖磷酸衍生物、壳寡糖磺胺类衍生物、壳寡糖酰基异硫氰酸酯类衍生物、壳寡糖含磷衍生物、壳寡糖胍基衍生物、壳寡糖烟酰异硫氰酸酯衍生物、壳寡糖-铈(Ⅳ)络合物中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的猕猴桃保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述的有机钙为葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙、天然糖醇螯合钙中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的猕猴桃保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述的生长素类添加剂为荼乙酸甲脂、萘乙酸、赤霉素、青鲜素、纳他霉素、2,6-二氯异烟酸(INA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、草酸、水杨酸、1-甲基环丙烯中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的猕猴桃保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述的采后处理包括以下步骤：
(1)预冷处理：将新鲜采收的猕猴桃放入预冷库中，并将猕猴桃果心温度在8～20h内降到2℃左右；
(2)将上述步骤(1)处理后的果实进行气调贮藏。
7.如权利要求6所述的猕猴桃保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述的气调贮藏的条件为：氧气体积含量1-3％，二氧化碳体积含量3-6％，臭氧浓度50-150ppb，贮藏温度0±0.5℃，RH(相对湿度)为90％～98％，乙烯气体的含量控制在0.01～0.03ppm。
CN201610472850.0A 2016-06-24 2016-06-24 一种猕猴桃保鲜方法 Pending CN106106710A (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610472850.0A CN106106710A (zh) 2016-06-24 2016-06-24 一种猕猴桃保鲜方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610472850.0A CN106106710A (zh) 2016-06-24 2016-06-24 一种猕猴桃保鲜方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106106710A true CN106106710A (zh) 2016-11-16

Family

ID=57266534

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610472850.0A Pending CN106106710A (zh) 2016-06-24 2016-06-24 一种猕猴桃保鲜方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106106710A (zh)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107343529A (zh) * 2017-07-11 2017-11-14 贵州省苑博生态农业开发有限公司 一种猕猴桃冷藏方法及保鲜方法
CN107396769A (zh) * 2017-07-13 2017-11-28 宁夏中玺枣业股份有限公司 灵武长枣货架期抗病抗衰老抗酒化保鲜剂及保鲜方法
CN107712033A (zh) * 2017-10-20 2018-02-23 宁波市农业科学研究院 一种抑制猕猴桃软化变质的方法
CN108029754A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-05-15 宁波市农业科学研究院 一种果蔬复合保鲜剂及其制备与应用方法
CN108271772A (zh) * 2018-02-12 2018-07-13 贵阳学院 一种使用诱抗剂综合防控猕猴桃软腐病的方法
CN110250261A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2019-09-20 南阳师范学院 一种猕猴桃复合保鲜方法
CN110353037A (zh) * 2019-07-02 2019-10-22 南阳师范学院 一种猕猴桃贮藏保鲜方法
CN110432317A (zh) * 2019-06-14 2019-11-12 贵阳学院 一种水果的保鲜方法
CN110731336A (zh) * 2019-10-18 2020-01-31 浙江大学 一种增强acs酶活性的激素组合及其应用
US10645942B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2020-05-12 Stoller Enterprises, Inc. Synergistic formulation including at least one gibberellin compound and salicyclic acid
CN112649426A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-04-13 华南理工大学 3d打印新鲜度监测与保鲜一体化标签的制备方法与应用
CN113455540A (zh) * 2021-05-21 2021-10-01 贵州省山地资源研究所 一种百香果的防冷害保鲜贮藏方法
CN115606633A (zh) * 2022-10-28 2023-01-17 鲁东大学 一种延缓猕猴桃果实采后软化的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101744034A (zh) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-23 北京亿事达都尼制冷设备有限公司 鲜食猕猴桃的保鲜新方法
CN103548993A (zh) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-05 贵阳学院 一种延长猕猴桃果实贮存期的保鲜方法
CN103548994A (zh) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-05 成都新朝阳作物科学有限公司 果蔬保鲜剂及其应用
CN103976016A (zh) * 2014-05-23 2014-08-13 浙江工商大学 一种猕猴桃果实保鲜剂及其使用方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101744034A (zh) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-23 北京亿事达都尼制冷设备有限公司 鲜食猕猴桃的保鲜新方法
CN103548993A (zh) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-05 贵阳学院 一种延长猕猴桃果实贮存期的保鲜方法
CN103548994A (zh) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-05 成都新朝阳作物科学有限公司 果蔬保鲜剂及其应用
CN103976016A (zh) * 2014-05-23 2014-08-13 浙江工商大学 一种猕猴桃果实保鲜剂及其使用方法

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
崔致学 主编: "《中国猕猴桃》", 31 May 1993, 山东科学技术出版社 *
朱婉萍 等编著: "《甲壳素及其衍生物的研究与应用》", 30 November 2014, 浙江大学出版社 *
狄建兵 等著: "《北方果蔬贮运加工技术及应用》", 30 June 2014, 中国农业科学技术出版社 *

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107343529A (zh) * 2017-07-11 2017-11-14 贵州省苑博生态农业开发有限公司 一种猕猴桃冷藏方法及保鲜方法
CN107396769A (zh) * 2017-07-13 2017-11-28 宁夏中玺枣业股份有限公司 灵武长枣货架期抗病抗衰老抗酒化保鲜剂及保鲜方法
CN107396769B (zh) * 2017-07-13 2020-11-10 天津盛天利材料科技有限公司 灵武长枣货架期抗病抗衰老抗酒化保鲜剂及保鲜方法
CN107712033A (zh) * 2017-10-20 2018-02-23 宁波市农业科学研究院 一种抑制猕猴桃软化变质的方法
CN108029754A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-05-15 宁波市农业科学研究院 一种果蔬复合保鲜剂及其制备与应用方法
CN108271772A (zh) * 2018-02-12 2018-07-13 贵阳学院 一种使用诱抗剂综合防控猕猴桃软腐病的方法
US10645942B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2020-05-12 Stoller Enterprises, Inc. Synergistic formulation including at least one gibberellin compound and salicyclic acid
CN110432317A (zh) * 2019-06-14 2019-11-12 贵阳学院 一种水果的保鲜方法
CN110250261A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2019-09-20 南阳师范学院 一种猕猴桃复合保鲜方法
CN110250261B (zh) * 2019-06-19 2022-10-14 南阳师范学院 一种猕猴桃复合保鲜方法
CN110353037A (zh) * 2019-07-02 2019-10-22 南阳师范学院 一种猕猴桃贮藏保鲜方法
CN110731336A (zh) * 2019-10-18 2020-01-31 浙江大学 一种增强acs酶活性的激素组合及其应用
CN112649426A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-04-13 华南理工大学 3d打印新鲜度监测与保鲜一体化标签的制备方法与应用
CN113455540A (zh) * 2021-05-21 2021-10-01 贵州省山地资源研究所 一种百香果的防冷害保鲜贮藏方法
CN115606633A (zh) * 2022-10-28 2023-01-17 鲁东大学 一种延缓猕猴桃果实采后软化的方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106106710A (zh) 一种猕猴桃保鲜方法
Holcroft et al. Postharvest physiology and handling of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
US10632163B2 (en) Fresh Ophiocordyceps sinensis product and preparation method thereof
CN103109924B (zh) 一种含精氨酸的功能性果蔬保鲜剂
CN1330244C (zh) 鲜桃保鲜剂及其保鲜方法
CN105660642A (zh) 一种荔枝采前防裂保鲜剂及其制备方法与应用
CN103704332B (zh) 新鲜果实的保鲜方法
CN108576199A (zh) 一种葡萄柚采摘保鲜复合处理方法
CN102940025A (zh) 一种大樱桃的复合式辐照保鲜方法
Haleema et al. Influence of calcium concentrations and sources on the fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) at different storage conditions
Akram et al. Combined application of methyl salicylate and l-arginine alleviates chilling injury, potentiates antioxidant system and maintains quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) fruits cv.‘Winner’
CN100377653C (zh) 冬枣的一种生物保鲜法
CN113331253A (zh) 一种无核黄皮的综合保鲜方法
Hassan et al. Improving fruit quality and storability of strawberry fruits by using pre and postharvest treatments
Acero Ascorbic Acid and Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Solutions in Shelf-Life of Philippine Banana
CN114176122A (zh) 一种改善采收后鲜罗汉果成熟度的方法
Samaan et al. Treatments to increase storability and marketability of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits
CN104798877A (zh) 一种新型枇杷专用保鲜剂
El-Abbasy et al. Effect of gibberellic acid, cytofex and calcium chloride as pre-harvest applications on storability of “Thompson Seedless” grapes
Panwar et al. Effect of pre-harvest foliar sprays of different chemicals on fruit quality and shelf life of litchi fruits
Park et al. Effects of foliar spray of calcium hydroxide on shoot growth and fruit quality in'Daewol'peach (Prunus persica< L.> Batsch)
CN103815010A (zh) γ-氨基丁酸在延缓柑橘果实采后有机酸降解中的应用
CN109730144A (zh) 一种蓝莓保鲜剂的制备及其使用方法
Mohamed et al. Increasing storability of mango cv.‘Zibda’fruits by 1-methylcyclopropene and gibberellic acid postharvest applications
CN111449131B (zh) 一种果蔬保鲜剂及抑制果蔬采后转红方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20161116