CN112021221A - High-density procambarus clarkii breeding method - Google Patents
High-density procambarus clarkii breeding method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112021221A CN112021221A CN202010826425.3A CN202010826425A CN112021221A CN 112021221 A CN112021221 A CN 112021221A CN 202010826425 A CN202010826425 A CN 202010826425A CN 112021221 A CN112021221 A CN 112021221A
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- water
- feed
- culture pond
- shrimp
- feeding
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Classifications
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a high-density procambarus clarkii culture method, which comprises the following steps: (1) site selection and construction of the culture pond: selecting a place with sufficient illumination, sufficient water source and convenient water injection and drainage as a pond building place; (2) pretreatment of a culture pond: draining the pond water, removing excessive sludge, solarizing and sterilizing; (3) fertilizing and planting grass: injecting water into the culture pond, and planting beneficial aquatic weeds in the culture pond; (4) fry stocking: the stocking density is 1.5 ten thousand pieces per mu; (5) feeding: the daily feed intake is 5-8% of the shrimp weight, the protein content in the feed for young shrimps is more than 30%, and the protein content in the feed for adult shrimps is more than 20%; (6) managing the water quality; the invention obviously improves the utilization rate of the feed and the growth performance of the procambarus clarkia seedlings, and the cultured procambarus clarkia has the characteristics of large individual, high meat quality, delicious meat taste and rich nutrition, and simultaneously improves the yield and has good culture economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a high-density procambarus clarkia culture method.
Background
The nutrition of the procambarus clarkia is well known, the procambarus clarkia is cultured in China at present, the procambarus clarkia is fed with feed obviously lacking in bioactive substances in the growth process, so that the procambarus clarkia is weak in physique, easy to infect diseases, low in nutrition content and often bitten by each other, the output of the procambarus clarkia cannot be effectively improved, the economic benefit is reduced, and under the conditions that the current water pollution is aggravated and the weather is severe and changeable, more and more professionals pay attention to the pollution-free, residue-free, growth promotion and environment-friendly culture for enhancing the immunity of aquatic animals.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-density procambarus clarkia breeding method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for breeding high-density procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and construction of the culture pond: selecting a place with sufficient illumination, sufficient water source and convenient water injection and drainage as a pond building place; the area of one culture pond is 10 mu, the depth of the culture pond is 1-1.5 m, a shallow water area and a deep water area are arranged, the shallow water area accounts for 2/3 of the whole culture pond, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the culture pond, escape-preventing nets are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet and at the periphery of the culture pond, an overflow port is also arranged at the upper part of the culture pond, and 10 oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in the culture pond;
(2) pretreatment of a culture pond: draining the pond water, removing excessive sludge, solarizing and sterilizing;
(3) fertilizing and planting grass: injecting water into the culture pond, planting beneficial aquatic weeds in the culture pond, wherein the planting distance of the beneficial aquatic weeds is 3-4 meters, the row spacing is 8-10 meters, the planting area of the beneficial aquatic weeds is less than 40% of the area of the culture pond, and 500kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the water surface of each mu to culture plankton in water;
(4) fry stocking: selecting shrimp fries with the body length of more than 3-5cm, complete appendages and quick and powerful actions, and putting 40-50 spring fish seeds with the stocking density of 1.5 ten thousand fish seeds and the specification of 150-;
(5) feeding: after the shrimp larvae are fed, feeding the shrimps in the first day and the second day without feeding or with less feeding, and feeding the shrimps in the third day with pellet feed twice normally every day, wherein the feeding time is 7-9 am and 17-18 pm respectively, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the shrimps, the protein content in the feed for the young shrimps is more than 30%, and the protein content in the feed for the adult shrimps is more than 20%;
(6) water quality management: after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, when the aerator is started 8 every day, water is injected every other week for changing water once, 20-30cm every time, water is changed every 4 days in high-temperature seasons, 30cm every time, and sterilization is performed every 20 days during the culture period.
The juvenile shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 51g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 6g of soybean lecithin, 14g of soybean meal, 7g of shrimp meat powder, 2.5g of seaweed powder, 6.5g of wheat middling, 4.6g of wheat gluten powder, 0.4g of salt, 4g of juvenile shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
The juvenile shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 55g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 11g of Gao-Bao-xi, 3g of 10% olaquindox, 35g of cholesterol, 15g of taurine, 12g of L-glycine, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 10g of anfei, 12g of sodium humate, 55g of HJ-1 adhesive, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 1.3g of gramox, 10g of Lubao fine salt and 120g of carrier wheat flour.
The shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 38g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 18g of soybean meal, 6g of peanut meal, 10g of shrimp shell meal, 5g of soybean lecithin, 10.5g of wheat flour, 1.5g of vegetable oil, 2.6g of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4g of calcium lactate, 4g of adult shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
The adult shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 38g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 7.5g of vitamin c polyphosphate, 1.4g of 25% allicin, 26g of cholesterol, 12g of taurine, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 16g of 15% L-carnitine, 5g of Calliguosin pink, 50g of HJ-1 adhesive, 8g of sodium diacetate, 1.3g of oxyful and 174g of carrier wheat flour.
The modification treatment method of the chitosan comprises the following steps: adding chitosan into the alpha-amylase solution, wherein the ratio of chitosan to alpha-amylase is 5g/g, hydrolyzing for 9h under the conditions that the pH value is 6.0 and the reaction temperature is 50 ℃, then radiating for 1h by gamma-rays, filtering and precipitating to obtain the modified chitosan.
And (5) adding lactic acid bacteria into the juvenile shrimp feed and the adult shrimp feed 5 days before feeding to obtain mixed feed, feeding the mixed feed for one week, stopping the feeding for one week, and feeding the nutrient during the stopping period.
The nutrient comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 8-10g of isatis root, 8-9g of rhubarb, 1-3g of L-carnitine, 1-2g of vitamin C, 6-8g of astragalus membranaceus, 8-10g of pomegranate seed, 8-9g of dried orange peel, 7-8g of gardenia, 5-6g of medlar, 8-10g of andrographis paniculata, 6-7g of scutellaria baicalensis, 5-6g of phellodendron amurense and 4-5g of ixeris sonchifolia;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: washing the materials except the L-carnitine and the vitamin c with clear water, airing, putting the materials into a grinder to be ground into granules, putting the ground granular materials into a stirrer, adding the L-carnitine and the vitamin c, and stirring and mixing uniformly to prepare the granulated feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the vitamin c and the modified chitosan are added into the feed, so that under the synergistic effect of the vitamin c and the modified chitosan, the immune system of the procambarus clarkii is improved, the probability of infection diseases of the procambarus clarkii is effectively reduced, the wound of the procambarus clarkii bitten is promoted to heal more quickly, the survival rate of the procambarus clarkii is improved, and the feed coefficient is reduced; meanwhile, harmful substances such as organic matters, heavy metal ions, microorganisms and the like in water can be effectively removed, harmful bacteria in the water body are effectively controlled, the quality of the water body is ensured, and a benign ecological environment is established for the growth of the procambarus clarkii; the lactobacillus is used for mixing the feed before feeding, so that the absorption of nutrient substances by the procambarus clarkia is promoted, the procambarus clarkia grows fast and has regular specification, and the meat quality and the edible value of the procambarus clarkia are improved; according to the invention, through the alternate feeding of the regulator and the feed, the utilization rate of the feed and the growth performance of the procambarus clarkia seedlings are obviously improved, the cultured procambarus clarkia has the characteristics of large size, high meat quality, delicious meat taste and rich nutrition, the yield is improved, and the good economic benefit of culture is achieved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to explain the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Example 1
A method for breeding high-density procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and construction of the culture pond: selecting a place with sufficient illumination, sufficient water source and convenient water injection and drainage as a pond building place; the area of one culture pond is 10 mu, the depth of the culture pond is 1-1.5 m, a shallow water area and a deep water area are arranged, the shallow water area accounts for 2/3 of the whole culture pond, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the culture pond, escape-preventing nets are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet and at the periphery of the culture pond, an overflow port is also arranged at the upper part of the culture pond, and 10 oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in the culture pond;
(2) pretreatment of a culture pond: draining the pond water, removing excessive sludge, solarizing and sterilizing;
(3) fertilizing and planting grass: injecting water into the culture pond, planting beneficial aquatic weeds in the culture pond, wherein the planting distance of the beneficial aquatic weeds is 3-4 meters, the row spacing is 8-10 meters, the planting area of the beneficial aquatic weeds is less than 40% of the area of the culture pond, and 500kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the water surface of each mu to culture plankton in water;
(4) fry stocking: selecting shrimp fries with the body length of more than 3-5cm, complete appendages and quick and powerful actions, and putting 40-50 spring fish seeds with the stocking density of 1.5 ten thousand fish seeds and the specification of 150-;
(5) feeding: after the shrimp larvae are fed, feeding the shrimps in the first day and the second day without feeding or with less feeding, and feeding the shrimps in the third day with pellet feed twice normally every day, wherein the feeding time is 7-9 am and 17-18 pm respectively, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the shrimps, the protein content in the feed for the young shrimps is more than 30%, and the protein content in the feed for the adult shrimps is more than 20%;
(6) water quality management: after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, when the aerator is started 8 every day, water is injected every other week for changing water once, 20-30cm every time, water is changed every 4 days in high-temperature seasons, 30cm every time, and sterilization is performed every 20 days during the culture period.
The juvenile shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 51g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 6g of soybean lecithin, 14g of soybean meal, 7g of shrimp meat powder, 2.5g of seaweed powder, 6.5g of wheat middling, 4.6g of wheat gluten powder, 0.4g of salt, 4g of juvenile shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
The juvenile shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 55g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 11g of Gao-Bao-xi, 3g of 10% olaquindox, 35g of cholesterol, 15g of taurine, 12g of L-glycine, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 10g of anfei, 12g of sodium humate, 55g of HJ-1 adhesive, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 1.3g of gramox, 10g of Lubao fine salt and 120g of carrier wheat flour.
The shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 38g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 18g of soybean meal, 6g of peanut meal, 10g of shrimp shell meal, 5g of soybean lecithin, 10.5g of wheat flour, 1.5g of vegetable oil, 2.6g of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4g of calcium lactate, 4g of adult shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
The adult shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 38g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 7.5g of vitamin c polyphosphate, 1.4g of 25% allicin, 26g of cholesterol, 12g of taurine, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 16g of 15% L-carnitine, 5g of Calliguosin pink, 50g of HJ-1 adhesive, 8g of sodium diacetate, 1.3g of oxyful and 174g of carrier wheat flour.
The modification treatment method of the chitosan comprises the following steps: adding chitosan into the alpha-amylase solution, wherein the ratio of chitosan to alpha-amylase is 5g/g, hydrolyzing for 9h under the conditions that the pH value is 6.0 and the reaction temperature is 50 ℃, then radiating for 1h by gamma-rays, filtering and precipitating to obtain the modified chitosan.
And (5) adding lactic acid bacteria into the juvenile shrimp feed and the adult shrimp feed 5 days before feeding to obtain mixed feed, feeding the mixed feed for one week, stopping the feeding for one week, and feeding the nutrient during the stopping period.
The nutrient comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 8g of isatis root, 8g of rhubarb, 1g of L-carnitine, 1g of vitamin C, 6g of astragalus membranaceus, 8g of pomegranate seed, 8g of dried orange peel, 7g of gardenia, 5g of medlar, 8g of andrographis paniculata, 6g of scutellaria baicalensis, 5g of phellodendron amurense and 4g of ixeris sonchifolia;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: washing the materials except the L-carnitine and the vitamin c with clear water, airing, putting the materials into a grinder to be ground into granules, putting the ground granular materials into a stirrer, adding the L-carnitine and the vitamin c, and stirring and mixing uniformly to prepare the granulated feed.
Example 2
A method for breeding high-density procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and construction of the culture pond: selecting a place with sufficient illumination, sufficient water source and convenient water injection and drainage as a pond building place; the area of one culture pond is 10 mu, the depth of the culture pond is 1-1.5 m, a shallow water area and a deep water area are arranged, the shallow water area accounts for 2/3 of the whole culture pond, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the culture pond, escape-preventing nets are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet and at the periphery of the culture pond, an overflow port is also arranged at the upper part of the culture pond, and 10 oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in the culture pond;
(2) pretreatment of a culture pond: draining the pond water, removing excessive sludge, solarizing and sterilizing;
(3) fertilizing and planting grass: injecting water into the culture pond, planting beneficial aquatic weeds in the culture pond, wherein the planting distance of the beneficial aquatic weeds is 3-4 meters, the row spacing is 8-10 meters, the planting area of the beneficial aquatic weeds is less than 40% of the area of the culture pond, and 500kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the water surface of each mu to culture plankton in water;
(4) fry stocking: selecting shrimp fries with the body length of more than 3-5cm, complete appendages and quick and powerful actions, and putting 40-50 spring fish seeds with the stocking density of 1.5 ten thousand fish seeds and the specification of 150-;
(5) feeding: after the shrimp larvae are fed, feeding the shrimps in the first day and the second day without feeding or with less feeding, and feeding the shrimps in the third day with pellet feed twice normally every day, wherein the feeding time is 7-9 am and 17-18 pm respectively, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the shrimps, the protein content in the feed for the young shrimps is more than 30%, and the protein content in the feed for the adult shrimps is more than 20%;
(6) water quality management: after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, when the aerator is started 8 every day, water is injected every other week for changing water once, 20-30cm every time, water is changed every 4 days in high-temperature seasons, 30cm every time, and sterilization is performed every 20 days during the culture period.
The juvenile shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 51g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 6g of soybean lecithin, 14g of soybean meal, 7g of shrimp meat powder, 2.5g of seaweed powder, 6.5g of wheat middling, 4.6g of wheat gluten powder, 0.4g of salt, 4g of juvenile shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
The juvenile shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 55g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 11g of Gao-Bao-xi, 3g of 10% olaquindox, 35g of cholesterol, 15g of taurine, 12g of L-glycine, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 10g of anfei, 12g of sodium humate, 55g of HJ-1 adhesive, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 1.3g of gramox, 10g of Lubao fine salt and 120g of carrier wheat flour.
The shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 38g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 18g of soybean meal, 6g of peanut meal, 10g of shrimp shell meal, 5g of soybean lecithin, 10.5g of wheat flour, 1.5g of vegetable oil, 2.6g of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4g of calcium lactate, 4g of adult shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
The adult shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 38g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 7.5g of vitamin c polyphosphate, 1.4g of 25% allicin, 26g of cholesterol, 12g of taurine, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 16g of 15% L-carnitine, 5g of Calliguosin pink, 50g of HJ-1 adhesive, 8g of sodium diacetate, 1.3g of oxyful and 174g of carrier wheat flour.
The modification treatment method of the chitosan comprises the following steps: adding chitosan into the alpha-amylase solution, wherein the ratio of chitosan to alpha-amylase is 5g/g, hydrolyzing for 9h under the conditions that the pH value is 6.0 and the reaction temperature is 50 ℃, then radiating for 1h by gamma-rays, filtering and precipitating to obtain the modified chitosan.
And (5) adding lactic acid bacteria into the juvenile shrimp feed and the adult shrimp feed 5 days before feeding to obtain mixed feed, feeding the mixed feed for one week, stopping the feeding for one week, and feeding the nutrient during the stopping period.
The nutrient comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of isatis root, 9g of rhubarb, 3g of L-carnitine, 2g of vitamin C, 8g of astragalus membranaceus, 10g of pomegranate seed, 9g of dried orange peel, 8g of gardenia, 6g of medlar, 10g of andrographis paniculata, 7g of scutellaria baicalensis, 6g of phellodendron amurense and 5g of ixeris sonchifolia;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: washing the materials except the L-carnitine and the vitamin c with clear water, airing, putting the materials into a grinder to be ground into granules, putting the ground granular materials into a stirrer, adding the L-carnitine and the vitamin c, and stirring and mixing uniformly to prepare the granulated feed.
Comparative example 1
A method for breeding high-density procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and construction of the culture pond: selecting a place with sufficient illumination, sufficient water source and convenient water injection and drainage as a pond building place; the area of one culture pond is 10 mu, the depth of the culture pond is 1-1.5 m, a shallow water area and a deep water area are arranged, the shallow water area accounts for 2/3 of the whole culture pond, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the culture pond, escape-preventing nets are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet and at the periphery of the culture pond, an overflow port is also arranged at the upper part of the culture pond, and 10 oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in the culture pond;
(2) pretreatment of a culture pond: draining the pond water, removing excessive sludge, solarizing and sterilizing;
(3) fertilizing and planting grass: injecting water into the culture pond, planting beneficial aquatic weeds in the culture pond, wherein the planting distance of the beneficial aquatic weeds is 3-4 meters, the row spacing is 8-10 meters, the planting area of the beneficial aquatic weeds is less than 40% of the area of the culture pond, and 500kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the water surface of each mu to culture plankton in water;
(4) fry stocking: selecting shrimp fries with the body length of more than 3-5cm, complete appendages and quick and powerful actions, and putting 40-50 spring fish seeds with the stocking density of 1.5 ten thousand fish seeds and the specification of 150-;
(5) feeding: after the shrimp larvae are fed, feeding the shrimps in the first day and the second day without feeding or with less feeding, and feeding the shrimps in the third day with pellet feed twice normally every day, wherein the feeding time is 7-9 am and 17-18 pm respectively, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the shrimps, the protein content in the feed for the young shrimps is more than 30%, and the protein content in the feed for the adult shrimps is more than 20%;
(6) water quality management: after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, when the aerator is started 8 every day, water is injected every other week for changing water once, 20-30cm every time, water is changed every 4 days in high-temperature seasons, 30cm every time, and sterilization is performed every 20 days during the culture period.
The juvenile shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 51g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 6g of soybean lecithin, 14g of soybean meal, 7g of shrimp meat powder, 2.5g of seaweed powder, 6.5g of wheat middling, 4.6g of wheat gluten powder, 0.4g of salt and 4g of juvenile shrimp premix.
The juvenile shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 55g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 11g of Gao-Bao-xi, 3g of 10% olaquindox, 35g of cholesterol, 15g of taurine, 12g of L-glycine, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 10g of anfei, 12g of sodium humate, 55g of HJ-1 adhesive, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 1.3g of gramox, 10g of Lubao fine salt and 120g of carrier wheat flour.
The shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 38g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 18g of soybean meal, 6g of peanut meal, 10g of shrimp shell meal, 5g of soybean lecithin, 10.5g of wheat flour, 1.5g of vegetable oil, 2.6g of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4g of calcium lactate and 4g of adult shrimp premix.
The adult shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 38g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 7.5g of vitamin c polyphosphate, 1.4g of 25% allicin, 26g of cholesterol, 12g of taurine, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 16g of 15% L-carnitine, 5g of Calliguosin pink, 50g of HJ-1 adhesive, 8g of sodium diacetate, 1.3g of oxyful and 174g of carrier wheat flour.
And (5) adding lactic acid bacteria into the juvenile shrimp feed and the adult shrimp feed 5 days before feeding to obtain mixed feed, feeding the mixed feed for one week, stopping the feeding for one week, and feeding the nutrient during the stopping period.
The nutrient comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of isatis root, 9g of rhubarb, 3g of L-carnitine, 2g of vitamin C, 8g of astragalus membranaceus, 10g of pomegranate seed, 9g of dried orange peel, 8g of gardenia, 6g of medlar, 10g of andrographis paniculata, 7g of scutellaria baicalensis, 6g of phellodendron amurense and 5g of ixeris sonchifolia;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: washing the materials except the L-carnitine and the vitamin c with clear water, airing, putting the materials into a grinder to be ground into granules, putting the ground granular materials into a stirrer, adding the L-carnitine and the vitamin c, and stirring and mixing uniformly to prepare the granulated feed.
Comparative example 2
A method for breeding high-density procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and construction of the culture pond: selecting a place with sufficient illumination, sufficient water source and convenient water injection and drainage as a pond building place; the area of one culture pond is 10 mu, the depth of the culture pond is 1-1.5 m, a shallow water area and a deep water area are arranged, the shallow water area accounts for 2/3 of the whole culture pond, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the culture pond, escape-preventing nets are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet and at the periphery of the culture pond, an overflow port is also arranged at the upper part of the culture pond, and 10 oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in the culture pond;
(2) pretreatment of a culture pond: draining the pond water, removing excessive sludge, solarizing and sterilizing;
(3) fertilizing and planting grass: injecting water into the culture pond, planting beneficial aquatic weeds in the culture pond, wherein the planting distance of the beneficial aquatic weeds is 3-4 meters, the row spacing is 8-10 meters, the planting area of the beneficial aquatic weeds is less than 40% of the area of the culture pond, and 500kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the water surface of each mu to culture plankton in water;
(4) fry stocking: selecting shrimp fries with the body length of more than 3-5cm, complete appendages and quick and powerful actions, and putting 40-50 spring fish seeds with the stocking density of 1.5 ten thousand fish seeds and the specification of 150-;
(5) feeding: after the shrimp larvae are fed, feeding the shrimps in the first day and the second day without feeding or with less feeding, and feeding the shrimps in the third day with pellet feed twice normally every day, wherein the feeding time is 7-9 am and 17-18 pm respectively, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the shrimps, the protein content in the feed for the young shrimps is more than 30%, and the protein content in the feed for the adult shrimps is more than 20%;
(6) water quality management: after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, when the aerator is started 8 every day, water is injected every other week for changing water once, 20-30cm every time, water is changed every 4 days in high-temperature seasons, 30cm every time, and sterilization is performed every 20 days during the culture period.
The juvenile shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 51g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 6g of soybean lecithin, 14g of soybean meal, 7g of shrimp meat powder, 2.5g of seaweed powder, 6.5g of wheat middling, 4.6g of wheat gluten powder, 0.4g of salt, 4g of juvenile shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
The juvenile shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 55g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 11g of Gao-Bao-xi, 3g of 10% olaquindox, 35g of cholesterol, 15g of taurine, 12g of L-glycine, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 10g of anfei, 12g of sodium humate, 55g of HJ-1 adhesive, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 1.3g of gramox, 10g of Lubao fine salt and 120g of carrier wheat flour.
The shrimp feed in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 38g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 18g of soybean meal, 6g of peanut meal, 10g of shrimp shell meal, 5g of soybean lecithin, 10.5g of wheat flour, 1.5g of vegetable oil, 2.6g of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4g of calcium lactate, 4g of adult shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
The adult shrimp premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 38g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 7.5g of vitamin c polyphosphate, 1.4g of 25% allicin, 26g of cholesterol, 12g of taurine, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 16g of 15% L-carnitine, 5g of Calliguosin pink, 50g of HJ-1 adhesive, 8g of sodium diacetate, 1.3g of oxyful and 174g of carrier wheat flour.
The modification treatment method of the chitosan comprises the following steps: adding chitosan into the alpha-amylase solution, wherein the ratio of chitosan to alpha-amylase is 5g/g, hydrolyzing for 9h under the conditions that the pH value is 6.0 and the reaction temperature is 50 ℃, then radiating for 1h by gamma-rays, filtering and precipitating to obtain the modified chitosan.
Example 1-2 the cultivation method of the present invention was employed; in the control example 1, vitamin c and modified chitosan were not added to the feed for young shrimps and the feed for adult shrimps; in comparative example 2, neither the lactic acid bacteria dressing nor the nutrient was fed.
Examples 1-2 and control groups 1-2 the ecological environment, the number of cultures, the number of feeding times, and the feeding time of the four groups of procambarus clarkii culture ponds were the same, the same person was kept and managed and continuously fed for 3 months, each group of procambarus clarkii was subsequently caught for 200 and tested for comparison, the amount of lead remaining in the procambarus clarkii was measured by a TAS-986 atomic absorption spectrometer, and the culture effect of the four groups of procambarus clarkii was shown in table 1 according to the national mandatory standard GB2762-2017 "national food safety standard food pollutant limits":
from the above table, the disease incidence of the procambarus clarkii cultured by the culture method is reduced, the survival rate is high, the harmful substances in the procambarus clarkii are few, the weight gain rate of the procambarus clarkii is improved, the feed coefficient is reduced, the feed utilization rate and the growth performance of procambarus clarkii seedlings are obviously improved, the cultured procambarus clarkii has high meat quality, the yield is improved, and the culture economic benefit is good.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding high-density procambarus clarkii is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) site selection and construction of the culture pond: selecting a place with sufficient illumination, sufficient water source and convenient water injection and drainage as a pond building place; the area of one culture pond is 10 mu, the depth of the culture pond is 1-1.5 m, a shallow water area and a deep water area are arranged, the shallow water area accounts for 2/3 of the whole culture pond, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the culture pond, escape-preventing nets are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet and at the periphery of the culture pond, an overflow port is also arranged at the upper part of the culture pond, and 10 oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in the culture pond;
(2) pretreatment of a culture pond: draining the pond water, removing excessive sludge, solarizing and sterilizing;
(3) fertilizing and planting grass: injecting water into the culture pond, planting beneficial aquatic weeds in the culture pond, wherein the planting distance of the beneficial aquatic weeds is 3-4 meters, the row spacing is 8-10 meters, the planting area of the beneficial aquatic weeds is less than 40% of the area of the culture pond, and 500kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the water surface of each mu to culture plankton in water;
(4) fry stocking: selecting shrimp fries with the body length of more than 3-5cm, complete appendages and quick and powerful actions, and putting 40-50 spring fish seeds with the stocking density of 1.5 ten thousand fish seeds and the specification of 150-;
(5) feeding: after the shrimp larvae are fed, feeding the shrimps in the first day and the second day without feeding or with less feeding, and feeding the shrimps in the third day with pellet feed twice normally every day, wherein the feeding time is 7-9 am and 17-18 pm respectively, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the shrimps, the protein content in the feed for the young shrimps is more than 30%, and the protein content in the feed for the adult shrimps is more than 20%;
(6) water quality management: after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, when the aerator is started 8 every day, water is injected every other week for changing water once, 20-30cm every time, water is changed every 4 days in high-temperature seasons, 30cm every time, and sterilization is performed every 20 days during the culture period.
2. The method for culturing high-density procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein the feed for the juvenile shrimps in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 51g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 6g of soybean lecithin, 14g of soybean meal, 7g of shrimp meat powder, 2.5g of seaweed powder, 6.5g of wheat middling, 4.6g of wheat gluten powder, 0.4g of salt, 4g of juvenile shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
3. The method for culturing high-density procambarus clarkii according to claim 2, wherein the premix for the juvenile shrimps comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 55g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 11g of Gao-Bao-xi, 3g of 10% olaquindox, 35g of cholesterol, 15g of taurine, 12g of L-glycine, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 10g of anfei, 12g of sodium humate, 55g of HJ-1 adhesive, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 1.3g of gramox, 10g of Lubao fine salt and 120g of carrier wheat flour.
4. The method for culturing high-density procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein the feed for the procambarus clarkii in the step (5) comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 38g of fish meal, 4g of yeast powder, 18g of soybean meal, 6g of peanut meal, 10g of shrimp shell meal, 5g of soybean lecithin, 10.5g of wheat flour, 1.5g of vegetable oil, 2.6g of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4g of calcium lactate, 4g of adult shrimp premix, vitamin c3g and 0.27g of modified chitosan.
5. The method for culturing high-density procambarus clarkii according to claim 4, wherein the shrimp-forming premix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10g of multi-vitamin premix, 38g of 50% choline chloride, 30g of mineral element premix, 7.5g of vitamin c polyphosphate, 1.4g of 25% allicin, 26g of cholesterol, 12g of taurine, 10g of aquatic complex enzyme, 10g of shrimp ecdysone, 16g of 15% L-carnitine, 5g of Calliguosin pink, 50g of HJ-1 adhesive, 8g of sodium diacetate, 1.3g of oxyful and 174g of carrier wheat flour.
6. The method for culturing high-density procambarus clarkia according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the modification treatment method of chitosan comprises the following steps: adding chitosan into an alpha-amylase solution, wherein the ratio of chitosan to alpha-amylase is 5 g: 1g, hydrolyzing for 9h under the conditions that the pH value is 6.0 and the reaction temperature is 50 ℃, then radiating for 1h by gamma-rays, filtering and precipitating to obtain the modified chitosan.
7. The method for culturing high-density procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein lactic acid bacteria are added to the feed for young shrimps and the feed for adult shrimps 5 days before feeding in step (5) to obtain a feed mix, and the feed mix is fed for one week, and is stopped for one week, and the nutrient is fed during the stop period.
8. The method for culturing high-density procambarus clarkii according to claim 7, wherein the nutrient comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10g of isatis root, 8-9g of rhubarb, 1-3g of L-carnitine, 1-2g of vitamin C, 6-8g of astragalus membranaceus, 8-10g of pomegranate seed, 8-9g of dried orange peel, 7-8g of gardenia, 5-6g of medlar, 8-10g of andrographis paniculata, 6-7g of scutellaria baicalensis, 5-6g of phellodendron amurense and 4-5g of ixeris sonchifolia;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: washing the materials except the L-carnitine and the vitamin c with clear water, airing, putting the materials into a grinder to be ground into granules, putting the ground granular materials into a stirrer, adding the L-carnitine and the vitamin c, and stirring and mixing uniformly to prepare the granulated feed.
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