CN112006188A - Penaeus vannamei boone feeding feed and penaeus vannamei boone breeding method - Google Patents
Penaeus vannamei boone feeding feed and penaeus vannamei boone breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001149925 Fenneropenaeus indicus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000117097 Corophium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides a feed for feeding penaeus vannamei boone and a method for breeding the penaeus vannamei boone, wherein the feed comprises the following components: the special compound feed for the podites and the penaeus vannamei comprises the podites live bait and the penaeus vannamei, and the weight ratio of the podites live bait to the penaeus vannamei is 1:1-1: 2. The invention solves the problems of slow growth speed and high mortality rate of the penaeus vannamei fed by the penaeus vannamei breeding bait in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a feed for penaeus vannamei boone and a method for culturing the penaeus vannamei boone.
Background
Penaeus vannamei Boone, the school name of penaeus vannamei Boone,Penaeus vannamei. Is a wide-temperature and wide-salt tropical shrimp, belongs to arthropoda, Crustacea, decapod and swimming sub-order, is native to the coastal water area of the Pacific ocean in south America, and is three well-recognized excellent shrimps in the worldOne of them. The appearance of the product is similar to that of Chinese prawn and black prawn, and the average service life can exceed 32 months at least. The longest length of the adult can reach 24cm, the carapace is thin, the normal body color is light grey, and no speckle exists in the whole body. The foot is usually chalk-like, so it is called white shrimp. The thin shell fertilizer of the south America white prawn shell has delicious meat quality, high meat content and rich nutrition.
Since the introduction of the last 90 s, the culture of the penaeus vannamei boone is rapidly developed, and the culture scale and the yield are continuously increased. Particularly, in recent years, with the continuous improvement of culture technology and supporting facilities, the intensification degree of the culture of the penaeus vannamei boone is greatly improved. According to the statistics of the fishery agency of the national Ministry of agriculture, in 2007, the yield of the Chinese seawater-cultured shrimps is 70.99 ten thousand tons, which accounts for 37.6 percent of the total amount of the Chinese cultured shrimps, wherein the yield of the south American white shrimps is 50.99 thousand tons, and accounts for 71.82 percent of the total proportion of the seawater-cultured shrimps. The yield of the Chinese seawater culture prawns in 2011 is 89.5 million tons, wherein the yield of the south America white prawns accounts for 73 percent, the export quantity is 21.6 million tons, the export amount accounts for 18.87 hundred million dollars, and the export amount accounts for 10.6 percent of the export amount of the cultured aquatic products, so that the first large variety of the aquatic products is formed. The main production area of the Chinese mariculture penaeus vannamei boone is in southern China, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces in coastal areas.
The penaeus vannamei boone cannot resist low temperature, stops growing when the water temperature is lower than 15 ℃, and only lasts for about 4 months in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China. Therefore, during ordinary culture, the penaeus vannamei boone has slow growth speed, small weight and high mortality rate in the culture process.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the application and therefore it may comprise prior art that does not constitute known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of slow growth speed and high mortality rate of the penaeus vannamei fed by the penaeus vannamei breeding bait in the prior art, the invention provides the novel penaeus vannamei feeding feed which can improve the growth speed of the penaeus vannamei and reduce the mortality rate of the penaeus vannamei.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a feed for feeding penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the following components:
the special compound feed for the podites and the penaeus vannamei comprises the podites live bait and the penaeus vannamei, and the weight ratio of the podites live bait to the penaeus vannamei is 1:1-1: 2.
In some embodiments of the present application, the podium-terminated live baits are hooked shrimps or corophium acherusicum.
In some embodiments of the present application, the podiatric live baits are pathogen-free live baits.
The invention also provides a method for breeding the penaeus vannamei boone by adopting the feed for breeding the penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the following steps:
sterilizing culture equipment for Penaeus vannamei Boone: sterilizing the penaeus vannamei farming equipment by using disinfectant or bleaching powder, adding seawater into the penaeus vannamei farming equipment, and supplying oxygen by using oxygen supply equipment, wherein the seawater is sand filtration water, the average water temperature of the seawater is 24-28 ℃, the salinity of the seawater is 28-33 per mill, the pH value of the seawater is 8.0-8.2, and the dissolved oxygen amount is 6.5-7.2 mg/L;
selecting shrimp larvae: selecting the penaeus vannamei boone with the weight of about 4.11g and in the growth middle stage, and putting the penaeus vannamei boone into penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment;
feeding south American white prawns: feeding foot live baits and a special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone as baits at least in the morning and at night to feed the penaeus vannamei boone, sucking out residual baits about 1 hour after feeding, drying and storing at 70 ℃, collecting excrement and urine about 1 hour before feeding and after feeding every day, storing in a drying oven after collection, fishing out ecdysis in time after the exuviation of the penaeus vannamei boone is found, and drying and storing;
changing water for the penaeus vannamei boone: the water is changed at least 2 times every day, and the water change amount is 2/3 of the capacity of the penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment each time.
In some embodiments of the present application, the breeding method further comprises a method for feeding penaeus vannamei boone in a later breeding stage, which comprises the following steps:
in the later period of cultivation, the podal live baits and the special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone are thrown as baits.
Furthermore, in the later period of cultivation, the special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone is taken as a main part during feeding, and podded live bait is taken as an auxiliary part.
Further, pathogen detection is carried out before putting in the middle and later culture periods, and podites which do not carry pathogenic pathogens are selected as live baits.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the feed for feeding the penaeus vannamei boone provided by the invention adopts the combination of the podium live feed and the special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone to feed the penaeus vannamei boone in the middle stage, and can obviously improve the growth speed and the corresponding survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the effect of the feed for Penaeus vannamei on the survival rate of Penaeus vannamei according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the effect of the feed for feeding Penaeus vannamei on the weight gain of Penaeus vannamei according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of the effect of the feed for feeding Penaeus vannamei on the specific growth rate of Penaeus vannamei according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of the bait conversion rate of the feed for Penaeus vannamei Boone according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the energy conversion rate of the feed for Penaeus vannamei Boone according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of bait coefficient of Penaeus vannamei Boone of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a general structural diagram of the effect of the feed for feeding Penaeus vannamei on the growth traits of Penaeus vannamei.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The invention provides an embodiment of a feed for feeding penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the following components:
the special compound feed for the podites and the penaeus vannamei comprises the podites live bait and the penaeus vannamei, and the weight ratio of the podites live bait to the penaeus vannamei is 1:1-1: 2.
Specifically, the feed for feeding penaeus vannamei boone in the embodiment is mainly used for feeding penaeus vannamei boone in the middle stage of growth, the ratio of the weight parts of the podded live bait to the special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone can be 1:1, namely, the two live baits are fed by adopting the same weight parts, or the ratio of the weight parts of the two live baits to the weight parts of the special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone is 1:2, and the specific weight part setting can be determined according to the quantity of the fed penaeus.
The special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone can be obtained by directly purchasing the existing special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone on the market, and the type of the special compound feed is not limited, for example, the special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone adopted in the application comprises the following components:
20% of fish meal, 8% of chicken meal, 5% of shrimp shell meal, 3% of cuttlefish paste, 26% of soybean meal, 10% of peanut meal, 20% of flour, 2.5% of phospholipid oil, 1% of fish oil, 2.5% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of premix.
Of course, the special compound feed for penaeus vannamei in this embodiment may also be of other types, and is not limited herein.
In some embodiments of the present application, the podium-terminated live baits are hooked shrimps or corophium acherusicum.
In some embodiments of the present application, the podded live baits are pathogen-free live baits, that is, the podded live baits to be fed should be pathogen-free baits, so as to prevent the podded live baits from infecting pathogen death due to the fact that pathogen-carrying bodies are ingested by the penaeus vannamei, further reduce the death rate of the penaeus vannamei, and ensure the ingestion safety of the penaeus vannamei.
The invention also provides a method for breeding the penaeus vannamei boone by adopting the feed for feeding the penaeus vannamei boone,
during the initial stage of the culture of the penaeus vannamei boone, single-cell baits such as rotifer are mainly fed.
The breeding method comprises a method for feeding the penaeus vannamei boone in the middle stage of breeding, and comprises the following steps:
sterilizing culture equipment for Penaeus vannamei Boone: sterilizing the penaeus vannamei culture equipment by using a disinfectant or bleaching powder, wherein the penaeus vannamei culture equipment can be selected from a culture pond.
Seawater is added into the penaeus vannamei farming equipment and oxygen is supplied through the oxygen supply equipment, the oxygen supply equipment can adopt equipment in the prior art to ensure that the oxygen content in the farming pond meets the growth requirement of the penaeus vannamei, and the penaeus vannamei farming equipment is aired after being disinfected by bleaching powder or disinfectant, so that residual substances of the penaeus vannamei farming equipment completely disappear, and the influence on the farming of the penaeus vannamei is avoided.
Wherein the seawater added into the penaeus vannamei farming facility is sand filtration water, the average water temperature of the seawater is 24-28 ℃, the salinity is 28-33 per mill, the pH value is 8.0-8.2, and the dissolved oxygen amount is 6.5-7.2 mg/L;
selecting shrimp larvae: selecting the penaeus vannamei boone with the weight of about 4.11g and in the growth middle stage, and putting the penaeus vannamei boone into penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment;
feeding south American white prawns: feeding live food of foot and special compound feed for Penaeus vannamei Boone as bait at least in morning and evening, and feeding Penaeus vannamei Boone for 6 times in some preferred embodiments, preferably 2-3 hr.
Sucking out the residual bait ingested by the penaeus vannamei boone about 1 hour after feeding, drying and storing at 70 ℃, collecting excrement and urine about 1 hour before and after feeding every day, storing in a drying oven after collection, fishing out the molt in time after the molt of the penaeus vannamei boone is found, and drying and storing;
changing water for the penaeus vannamei boone: the water is changed at least 2 times every day, and the water change amount is 2/3 of the capacity of the Litopenaeus vannamei culture equipment every time, so as to ensure a clean growth environment of the Litopenaeus vannamei.
In some embodiments of the present application, the breeding method further comprises a method for feeding penaeus vannamei boone in a later breeding stage, which comprises the following steps:
in the later period of cultivation, the special compound feed for the end-footed live baits and the special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei are thrown as baits, and in the later period of cultivation, the special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei is taken as a main part and the special compound feed for the end-footed live baits is taken as an auxiliary part during feeding. In the later period of cultivation, the penaeus vannamei boone grows up, the overall resistance is enhanced, death generally does not occur, and a large amount of live baits for podites do not need to be fed, so that the cost for feeding the penaeus vannamei boone is saved.
Further, pathogen detection is carried out before putting in the middle and later culture periods, and podites which do not carry pathogenic pathogens are selected as live baits.
Example 1: selecting 30 penaeus vannamei boone with the weight of about 4.11g in the middle growth period, and putting the penaeus vannamei boone in the middle growth period into disinfected penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment, wherein seawater in the penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment is sand filtered water, the average water temperature of the seawater is 24-28 ℃, the salinity is 28-33 per thousand, the pH value is 8.0-8.2, and the dissolved oxygen amount is 6.5-7.2 mg/L;
feeding south American white prawns: feeding the penaeus vannamei boone for 6 times every day, wherein the bait feeding comprises the following steps: the special compound feed for the hooked shrimps and the penaeus vannamei boone has the weight ratio of 1: 1; the feeding time interval is 2-3 hours.
Sucking out the residual bait ingested by the penaeus vannamei boone about 1 hour after feeding, drying and storing at 70 ℃, collecting excrement and urine about 1 hour before and after feeding every day, storing in a drying oven after collection, fishing out the molt in time after the molt of the penaeus vannamei boone is found, and drying and storing;
changing water for the penaeus vannamei boone: the water is changed at least 2 times every day, and the water change amount is 2/3 of the capacity of the penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment each time.
Comparative example 1:
selecting 30 litopenaeus vannamei which is about 4.11g in weight and is in the middle growth stage, and putting the litopenaeus vannamei into disinfected litopenaeus vannamei culture equipment, wherein seawater in the litopenaeus vannamei culture equipment is sand filtered water, the average water temperature of the seawater is 24-28 ℃, the salinity is 28-33 per thousand, the pH value is 8.0-8.2, and the dissolved oxygen amount is 6.5-7.2 mg/L;
feeding south American white prawns: feeding the penaeus vannamei boone for 6 times every day, wherein the bait feeding comprises the following steps: hooking shrimps; the feeding time interval is 2-3 hours.
Sucking out the residual bait ingested by the penaeus vannamei boone about 1 hour after feeding, drying and storing at 70 ℃, collecting excrement and urine about 1 hour before and after feeding every day, storing in a drying oven after collection, fishing out the molt in time after the molt of the penaeus vannamei boone is found, and drying and storing;
changing water for the penaeus vannamei boone: the water is changed at least 2 times every day, and the water change amount is 2/3 of the capacity of the penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment each time.
Feeding Penaeus vannamei Boone for 35 days, and taking out.
Comparative example 2: selecting 30 litopenaeus vannamei which is about 4.11g in weight and is in the middle growth stage, and putting the litopenaeus vannamei into disinfected litopenaeus vannamei culture equipment, wherein seawater in the litopenaeus vannamei culture equipment is sand filtered water, the average water temperature of the seawater is 24-28 ℃, the salinity is 28-33 per thousand, the pH value is 8.0-8.2, and the dissolved oxygen amount is 6.5-7.2 mg/L;
feeding south American white prawns: feeding the penaeus vannamei boone for 6 times every day, wherein the bait feeding comprises the following steps: a special compound feed for penaeus vannamei; the feeding time interval is 2-3 hours.
Sucking out the residual bait ingested by the penaeus vannamei boone about 1 hour after feeding, drying and storing at 70 ℃, collecting excrement and urine about 1 hour before and after feeding every day, storing in a drying oven after collection, fishing out the molt in time after the molt of the penaeus vannamei boone is found, and drying and storing;
changing water for the penaeus vannamei boone: the water is changed at least 2 times every day, and the water change amount is 2/3 of the capacity of the penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment each time.
Feeding Penaeus vannamei Boone for 35 days, and taking out.
After the end of feeding, the following relevant parameters were calculated for example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2, respectively:
the survival rate, the ingestion rate, the specific growth rate of body weight, the specific growth rate of energy, the bait coefficient, the feed conversion efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency are calculated, and specifically, the following parameters are calculated by the following formula:
survival (%) = survival mantissa/total mantissa × 100, i.e., survival (%) = (D)0－Dt)/D0×100，D0、DtThe prawn mantissas are respectively the prawn mantissas at the beginning and the end of the experiment;
feeding rate (FR,%, d)-1) = actual intake of feed (g)/[ days of experiment (d) × (final body mass (g) + initial body mass (g)/2]I.e. the feeding rate (FR,%, d)-1）=Cw/t×(Wt+W0)/2，CwThe food intake (g), W of prawn0、WtThe initial weight and the final weight (g) of the prawns are respectively, and t is the experimental time (d);
body weight Specific Growth Rate (SGR)w，%·d-1）=100×(Ln average end body mass-Ln average initial body mass)/test days, i.e., body weight Specific Growth Rate (SGR)w，%·d-1）=100×(LnWt－LnW0)/t，L0、LtThe length of the primary body and the length of the final body (cm), W, of the prawn respectively0、WtThe initial weight and the final weight (g) of the prawns are respectively, and t is the experimental time (d);
energy Specific Growth Rate (SGR)e,%·d-1) =100 × (Ln average end body energy-Ln average initial body energy)/day of experiment, energy Specific Growth Rate (SGR)e,%·d-1）=100×(LnEt－LnE0)/t，L0、LtThe length of the primary body and the length of the final body (cm), E of the prawn respectively0、EtThe energy of the primary body and the energy of the final body (kJ) of the prawn are respectively.
Wherein 12 litopenaeus vannamei were randomly extracted from each of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 before feeding of the litopenaeus vannamei, and body length and body weight thereof were measured, and the average values thereof were taken as initial body length and body weight of the litopenaeus vannamei. After 35 days of feeding, 5 litopenaeus vannamei were randomly extracted from example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, respectively, to measure body length and body weight, and the average values were taken as the final body length and body weight of the litopenaeus vannamei.
The body length of the prawn is the distance from the tail end of the tail knot to the base of the eyestalk, and is measured by a vernier caliper to be accurate to 0.01 cm. After the body surface moisture was blotted with blotting paper, the body weight was measured to 0.01g using an electronic balance.
The comparison of the parameters of example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2 of the present application is as follows:
the influence of the survival rate on the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone is shown in fig. 1, and for convenience of description, the example 1 is set as a group a, the comparative example 1 is set as a group B, and the comparative example 2 corresponds to a group C:
as can be seen from fig. 1: the survival rates of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were (83.33. + -. 2.22)%, (87.50. + -. 2.50)%, and (75.00. + -. 3.33)%, respectively. The analysis of variance results show that the survival rate difference of the group A and the group B of the penaeus vannamei boone is not obvious, but is obvious (P is less than 0.05) compared with the group C, which indicates that the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone can be obviously improved by adding the hooked shrimps in the bait.
The effect of weight gain on the weight gain rate of penaeus vannamei is shown in fig. 2:
as can be seen from FIG. 2, the weight gains of group A, B, C were (56.44. + -. 2.30)%, 51.02. + -. 5.27)%, and (50.45. + -. 1.68)%, respectively.
The results of the anova showed that the weight gain rate of the penaeus vannamei boone in group A and B, C had significant differences, indicating that the weight gain rate of the penaeus vannamei boone could be significantly increased by adding the hookshrimp into the bait and mixing the bait.
The effect of the bait on the specific growth rate of penaeus vannamei boone is shown in figure 3,
A. b, C group had specific growth rates for body weight of (2.38 + -0.15)%, (2.04 + -0.28)%, and 2.01 + -0.10)%; the specific growth rates of the body length were (0.80. + -. 0.13)%, (0.71. + -. 0.07)%, and 0.63. + -. 0.10)%.
It can be seen from fig. 3 that A, B, C showed a decreasing trend, with A, B group differing significantly from group C (P < 0.05), with the best growth conditions for shrimp feed and hookshrimp.
The bait conversion rate is shown in fig. 4:
A. the bait conversion rates of the B, C groups were (65.14. + -. 6.62%), (54.46. + -. 1.80%) and (52.57. + -. 1.81%) respectively. It can be seen from fig. 4 that the conversion rate of the baits in group a was the highest and was significantly different from that in the other groups (P < 0.05), wherein B, C did not significantly differ in the conversion efficiency of the baits in the two groups.
The energy conversion rate is shown in fig. 5:
A. the energy conversion rates of B, C groups were 16.50. + -. 0.96%, (18.19. + -. 2.96%) and (11.54. + -. 1.78%) respectively. It can be seen from fig. 5 that A, B, C showed the highest energy conversion in group B of the three groups, which was significantly different from the other two groups (P < 0.05), followed by group a. The live baits can improve the energy conversion efficiency.
The bait coefficient is shown in figure 6:
A. the weight gains of B, C groups were (1.51. + -. 0.13%), 1.84. + -. 0.06% and (1.99. + -. 0.12%) respectively. It can be seen from fig. 6 that the bait coefficient was highest in group C of A, B, C three groups.
In summary, the effect of baits on the growth traits of penaeus vannamei boone is shown in fig. 7.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, after feeding, group C Penaeus vannamei grew slowest with an average final body mass of 8.30 + -0.29 g, while group A Penaeus vannamei grew fastest with an average final body mass of 9.45 + -0.52 g. The anova result shows that the bait has obvious effect on the growth of the penaeus vannamei boone (P < 0.05). Compared with the method of feeding the hooked shrimps or the artificial mixed bait independently, the method has the advantages that the growth rate of the penaeus vannamei boone can be remarkably improved by mixed feeding of the hooked shrimps and the artificial mixed bait. And the death rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is obviously reduced by adopting the mixed feeding of the hooked penaeus vannamei boone and the artificial matching bait.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The feed for feeding the penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
the special compound feed for the podites and the penaeus vannamei comprises the podites live bait and the penaeus vannamei, and the weight ratio of the podites live bait to the penaeus vannamei is 1:1-1: 2.
2. The litopenaeus vannamei feeding feed according to claim 1, wherein the podded live baits are hooked shrimps or corophium acherusicum.
3. The feed for feeding litopenaeus vannamei according to claim 2, characterized in that the live podites are pathogen-free live baits.
4. A method for breeding the penaeus vannamei boone by adopting the feed for feeding the penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by comprising a method for feeding the penaeus vannamei boone in the middle stage of breeding, and the method comprises the following steps:
sterilizing culture equipment for Penaeus vannamei Boone: sterilizing the penaeus vannamei farming equipment by using disinfectant or bleaching powder, adding seawater into the penaeus vannamei farming equipment, and supplying oxygen by using oxygen supply equipment, wherein the seawater is sand filtration water, the average water temperature of the seawater is 24-28 ℃, the salinity of the seawater is 28-33 per mill, the pH value of the seawater is 8.0-8.2, and the dissolved oxygen amount is 6.5-7.2 mg/L;
selecting shrimp larvae: selecting the penaeus vannamei boone with the weight of about 4.11g and in the growth middle stage, and putting the penaeus vannamei boone into penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment;
feeding south American white prawns: feeding foot live baits and a special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone as baits at least in the morning and at night to feed the penaeus vannamei boone, sucking out residual baits about 1 hour after feeding, drying and storing at 70 ℃, collecting excrement and urine about 1 hour before feeding and after feeding every day, storing in a drying oven after collection, fishing out ecdysis in time after the exuviation of the penaeus vannamei boone is found, and drying and storing;
changing water for the penaeus vannamei boone: the water is changed at least 2 times every day, and the water change amount is 2/3 of the capacity of the penaeus vannamei boone culture equipment each time.
5. The method for cultivating Penaeus vannamei Boone according to claim 4, wherein the method further comprises a method for feeding Penaeus vannamei Boone in the later stage of cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
in the later period of cultivation, the podal live baits and the special compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone are thrown as baits.
6. The method for culturing Penaeus vannamei Boone according to claim 5, wherein in the later culturing period, the special compound feed for Penaeus vannamei Boone is used as the main feed and the podded live bait is used as the auxiliary feed.
7. The method for culturing Penaeus vannamei Boone according to claim 4, wherein pathogen detection is performed before feeding in the middle and later culture periods, and the podites without pathogenic pathogens are selected as live baits.
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